An apparatus for ultrasonically treating (e.g., cleaning, plating) a workpiece comprises a full wavelength resonator or horn supported at its nodal regions. The antinodal region of the horn is surrounded by a suitable treating liquid, typically, a solvent or liquid metal and a workpiece to be treated is immersed in the liquid in proximity to the nodal region of the horn. In a preferred embodiment, the horn is provided with a depression or aperture at its antinodal region and a workpiece to be treated is inserted into the depression or aperture.

Trans-dichloroethylene is used in a pure or in a blended state as a cleaning agent for all acetate-based photographic films. In manual cleaning procedures of still-photography and motion-picture films, a soft, lint-free material is moistened with trans-dichloroethylene, or a blend containing trans-dichloroethylene, and then used to buff the film. The most favorable blend discovered contains 50% trans-dichloroethylene, 50% perchloroethylene. In mechanized cleaning procedures of motion-picture films, it is anticipated that trans-dichloroethylene, or a blend containing trans-dichloroethylene, can be used as the cleaning agent with little or no modification to the existing machines. Trans-dichloroethylene can serve as an effective, non-ozone depleting replacement for 1,1,1-trichloroethane in all film-cleaning applications.

This specification discloses an invention directed to an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus for cleaning a cleaning target. The ultrasonic cleaning apparatus includes a liquid discharge nozzle having a discharge port to discharge a liquid therethrough, an ultrasonic vibrator for applying ultrasonic vibrations to the liquid which is to be supplied to the nozzle, and a cleaning member which is mounted on the discharge port of the nozzle, vibrates while holding therein the liquid discharged through the discharge port, and comes into contact with the cleaning target with a predetermined area, thereby scrub-cleaning the surface of the cleaning target.

Mixtures comprised of the compounds trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and/or cis-1,2-dichloroethylene and perchloroethylene are disclosed; as is a method for cleaning a solid substrate which comprises treating the substrate with said mixtures. A method for precision cleaning is disclosed, comprising the steps of showering the contaminated surfaces with said mixtures and then rinsing said surfaces with said mixtures that have been cleaned by distillation in-system. A method for dissolving and reconstituting polymers, waxes and oils by use of said mixtures or by use of mixtures consisting essentially of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene or cis-1,2-dichloroethylene is also disclosed; as is a method for delivering polymers, waxes, oils paints, pesticides, insecticides and fungicides to a surface by use of said mixtures or by use of mixtures consisting essentially of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene or cis-1,2-dichloroethylene.

Undesired constituents are removed from rolled fabric or other rolled materials by: (a) placing a roll of the material containing the undesired constituents (soluble or particulate) in a cleaning chamber; (b) providing a structure for re-rolling the material within the chamber; (c) introducing into the cleaning chamber a cleaning fluid which is a dense phase fluid comprising a liquefied gas or a supercritical fluid and contacting the material containing the undesirable constituents with the cleaning fluid; and (d) exposing single layers of the material containing the undesirable constituents with the cleaning fluid for a period of time sufficient to remove the undesired constituents from the material.