Method and apparatus for quantitating enzyme activity in blood and other fluids, using a spot test technique. The test utilizes enzyme standards freeze-dried in absorbent discs held under a membrane filter. Other discs above the filter contain substrate, cofactors, and indicators. The spot test plates are entirely self-contained, requiring neither instrumentation nor measurement of fluid volumes, and the test can be carried out under any ambient conditions. The test is particularly applicable to emergency screening requirements, such as may occur in hospital receiving rooms, doctors' offices, ambulances, or whereever rapid diagnosis of myocardial infraction may be required.
A diagnostic test indicator is prepared for the detection and determination of the concentration of creatine phosphokinase in sera comprising three superimposed layers the upper of which has contained therein the dried residue resulting from the impregnation thereof with 1. creatine phosphate and 2. adenine diphosphate, the middle of which has contained therein the dried residue resulting from the impregnation thereof with 3. glucose, 4. hexokinase, 5. triphosphopyridine nucleotide, 6. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 7. magnesium ion and 8. d-maltose and the lower of which has contained therein 9. a tetrazolium salt and 10. phenazine methosulfate.
Method and apparatus for quantitating the amounts of enzyme substrates and metabolites present in biological fluids using spot test techniques. The tests utilize both fixed, preselected color standards and substrate and metabolite standards freeze-dried on transparent membranes or in porous pads for comparison. Other reagents including enzymes, dyes, cofactors are also freeze-dried in absorbent pads. The assembly may utilize any or all of the following in various combinations: porous discs of materials such as glass fibre filters to store reagents, to serve as liquid reaction volume measurement, and to assist in removing cells from blood samples; microporous membranes to act as barriers to blood cells; a protein enrichment membrane or a dialysis membrane to restrict passage of large molecules to the indicator zone; and a transparent window which may be a second microporous membrane or impermeable plastic on which indicator dyes are dried. In assembled format, the test plates, slides or discs fulfill all requirements for conducting the selected test: no added instrumentation, controls or other measurements are required. These test devices may assist in the diagnosis of a number of pathological conditions which give rise to abnormal levels of metabolites or enzyme substrates. Methods for rapid assay of serum cholestrol, uric acid, testosterone, androsterone and galactose have been indicated as examples. A wide variety of other compounds found in biological fluids may also be assayed by similar technology.
Process for the determination of at least one of the isoenzymes of lactatedehydrogenase by visually observing and recording the conversion of lactate and nicotinamideadenine-dinucleotide to pyruvate wherein said conversion is carried out at a buffer specific pH value of 6-6.5. The invention also encompasses test reagents for use in making such determinations and also diagnostic aids containing the same for use in detecting abnormal changes in the female genital tract and diagnostic methods utilizing such aids.
A multilayered integral chemical analysis element for the blood comprising a filter layer capable of removing formed components from the blood, a water-proof layer having at least one small opening therein, a porous spreading layer and a reagent layer laminated in this order.
The blood filter unit of the invention is composed of a blood filtering material made of glass fiber filter and microporous membrane and a holder having a blood inlet and a filtrate outlet. The holder accommodates the blood filtering material so that the microporous membrane is located on the filtrate outlet side, provides a space between the blood filtering material and the filtrate outlet, and provides a means for preventing adhesion of the blood filtering material on the filtrate outlet side. By using the blood filter unit, a necessary volume of plasma or serum for analysis can be separated surely, irrespective of hematocrit value of the blood.
