Photogrammetric apparatus wherein a pair of stereophotographs have their images projected into the apparatus's optical system so as to form a stereomodel therein, which is visually observable through the optical system's binocular viewer. Relative movement of the optical system's measuring markers and the stereomodel is detected by moving a scanner device over the planar surface of a grid device, which serves as an encoder and develops command signals corresponding to the coordinates of a selected relative position of the scanner device and the grid device. A computer then from the command signals develop control signals for casing a servo system to move the stereophotographs so that the markers and the stereomodel assume a relative position corresponding to the coordinates selected by the scanner device. The scanner device can also simultaneously plot a reproduction of the contour of the stereomodel being traced in any desired scale. Additionally, an XY plotter or coordinatograph can plot another reproduction of the same contour in a still different scale.
The invention relates to a photogrammetric rectifying device and a method for determining the setting values for the same to perform rectification. The inventional device has at least one measuring mark non-displaceably arranged within the projection beam non-coincident to the optical axis of the projection objective. The coordinates of the measuring mark are known. By displacing a negative carrier and adjusting the magnification, while the angular elements of orientation are held at their zero positions, control points of said photograph projected on an easel are brought into coincidence with corresponding measuring marks, which are provided on the easel. The displacements of the negative carrier and the magnifications are measured. The resulting values and the known coordinates of the measuring marks are used to compute the photo coordinates of the control points. The setting values are the results of a projective transformation computation, which is based on the photo- and map-coorinates, only. Finally, the computer automatically sets the rectifying device to the setting values.
A cartographic apparatus for determination of the elevations of features and heights of objects from stereoscopic images of complementing input records includes a parallax bar and movable reticles for generating a floating mark over points of interest in the records. The apparatus also includes a microprocessor to compute compensation factors based on values determined during initial set up and means responsive to those factors to compensate automatically for y parallax and for errors in x parallax difference as the floating mark is moved and to compute automatically object heights and feature elevations.
Apparatus for precisely measuring the location of points on working media, such as a PCB, includes: a base panel having a surface area at least equal to that of the largest working medium to be measured, a reference mark, and a grid of fiducial marks each located at precisely-known locations with respect to the reference mark; a coarse positioning device movable over the base panel; a fine positioning device carried by and movable over the coarse positioning device; and a holder for holding a working medium substantially in contact with the base panel. The apparatus further includes first measuring means for measuring the location of a preselected point on the coarse positioning device with respect to a preselected fiducial mark of the base panel; and second measuring means carried by the fine positioning device for measuring the location of a point to be measured on the working medium with respect to the preselected point on the coarse positioning device.
An apparatus for use in photogrammetry is disclosed having two spaced-apart parallel scanning zones to which the photographs of a stereoscopic pair of photographs are mounted. A carriage mounted optical scanning system is provided for scanning the two scanning zones and for projecting images of the respective zones to a binocular viewing system, and a secondary optical system is provided, preferably on the carriage, for superimposing reference marks on the projected images. The scanning system is arranged in such a manner that simultaneous scanning of the two scanning zones can be effected in a first direction parallel to the scanning zones, and independent scanning of the two scanning zones can be effected in a second direction which is parallel to the scanning zones and orthogonal to the first direction. Also, the apparatus is adapted to permit relative scanning of the two scanning zones in the first direction or for optically moving the reference marks relative to one another in the first direction.
A photogrammetric plotting apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises an optical system means for viewing by an operator of an image of a first stereomodel derived from a pair of stereoscopically related photograms. The apparatus is further comprised of an operator controlled means for effecting stereomodel exploring motions relative to the photograms, and a tracing or display device. A means is provided for converting the exploring motions into plotting motions for the tracing or display device. A means is additionally provided for scanning image data of a second model to produce an image of the second model. Means is provided for conveying the image of the second model to the optical system. The optical system includes a means for superimposing the image of the second model on the image of the first stereomodel for simultaneous viewing by the operator. Preferably, scanned image data of the second model is on the tracing or display device and the means for conveying the image of the second model to the optical system is a television camera/monitor system. The apparatus finds particular application in the revision of maps, but has other related applications.
