A composite material which has a substantially reduced incidence of defects after drawing, and a method of producing it. The composite material is comprised of at least one layer of plain carbon steel containing up to 1.5 percent of carbide former present in a carbide former-to-carbon ratio of form about 1.5 to about 25 and at least one layer of stainless steel. It is formed by pressure bonding carbon steel containing carbide former to stainless steel.
A stainless clad plate or sheet (herein called sheet) comprising a super-low carbon steel layer containing at least one of Ti and Nb (Ti+Nb.ltoreq.0.15% and ##EQU1## and an austenite stainless steel layer on one or both sides of the carbon steel layer. The thickness of the stainless steel layer is preferably from 2.5 to 30% of the total thickness of the clad steel sheet. The stainless clad steel sheet is produced preferably by continuous casting stainless steel melt on the carbon steel slab, hot and cold rolling the stainless clad steel slab, and annealing under specific conditions for desired properties.
To obtain a composite material which has a substantially reduced incidence of defects after forming, there is made a composite having at least one layer of plain-carbon steel and, between it and a layer of stainless steel, an interleaving layer of silicon steel.
A method of forming a seamless cylinder shell in which a nickel sheet is clad to a steel sheet so that the sheets are uniformly bonded throughout and a composite sheet is formed. The cladding is preferably effectuated by explosive cladding. The composite sheet is then preferably cut into a circular blank before further processing. The circular blank is subjected to an oxalic acid pretreatment to retain a lubricant on the two opposed surfaces thereof and is thereafter lubricated with the lubricant. The circular blank is preferably cupped, relubricated, and drawn into the seamless cylinder shell. The seamless cylinder shell can be finished into a seamless gas cylinder by spinning one end of the cylinder into a cylinder head, internally threading the formed cylinder head, and then heat treating the cylinder.
A pressure-bonded composite material includes at least one layer of a stabilized low carbon steel core material and one layer of a stainless steel joined at an interface, wherein the stabilized carbon steel includes columbium (niobium) and at least one other carbide-forming element in amounts effective to prevent carbon migration from the carbon steel to the stainless steel and the composite material has a physical grain size no larger than ASTM #6.
A method for producing a metallic interface suitable for overlaying consists of exposing the area of an alloy combination to be overlayed to a temperature above its lower critical until an element reduced zone arises. This element reduced zone more easily accepts element diffusion that takes place during overlaying. Accordingly, an improved interface, one that is more ductile and less prone to cracking, is produced.
