A navigation system in which a transmitter-antenna combination radiates two independent signals with a known frequency separation there between. These signals are radiated to an antenna on a navigation marker whereby they are received and directed to a non-linear device in which signals at the fundamental frequencies and frequencies that are linear combinations of the two fundamental frequencies are generated. These generated signals are then guided to the antenna and retro-directively re-radiated. The re-radiated signals are received by an antenna at the transmitting location and directed to a receiver wherein the fundamental frequencies and the desired linear combination thereof are detected and processed to provide the locations and identification of the navigation markers.

The invention concerns a circuit arrangement for the wireless transmission of a control signal to the control path of a controlled semiconductor valve, particularly a thyristor. The control signal is provided here to modulate a high-frequency transmitter which is arranged at some distance from a high-frequency receiver which contains a demodulator, whose output signal is applied to the control path of the semiconductor valve. For return transmission of information regarding the state of the semiconductor valve, the receiving antenna of the high-frequency receiver is provided as a transmitting antenna and the transmitting antenna of the high-frequency transmitter as a receiving antenna.

An electronic security system utilizing a transmitter and receiver in combination with a resonant tag circuit which is responsive to at least one frequency of electromagnetic radiation. The transmitter provides electromagnetic radiation in a predetermined area at a frequency close to the resonant frequency of the resonant tag circuit. The transmitter additionally modulates its frequency with a detection modulation frequency F.sub.d. The receiver is responsive to electromagnetic radiation and picks up at least a component of the detection modulation frequency F.sub.d. In a preferred embodiment, this component is an AM signal radiated by the resonant tag circuit when the tag circuit is in turn activated by the frequency modulated transmitter frequency. A detection logic circuit responsive to the presence of AM signal at frequency F.sub.d, signals an appropriate alarm. Additional embodiments utilize varying transmitter frequencies and numbers of resonant frequencies in each tag to permit wide application of the security system not only to prevent theft or surreptitious removal of objects but also to permit rapid effective identification of individuals and to provide access to security areas to properly identify individuals.

A merchandise security system in which a signal having a first frequency is generated and is multiplied or divided by n to provide a signal having a second frequency which is transmitted. A responder circuit in a tag on the merchandise divides or multiplies the transmitted signal by n and transmits it to a receiver where it is compared with the originally generated first frequency and is used to produce an alarm signal.

An electronic detection and identification system operating with correlated microwave frequencies wherein a transmitter continuously transmits a beam of electromagnetic energy, in a predetermined direction, so as to impinge on an identification tag suitably attached on a passing object. The identification tag derives a harmonic signal from the impinging beam and radiates a beam of energy, at the harmonic frequency, which is pulse modulated in accordance with a preset identification code. The receiver receives the reflected beam and generates signals representative of the code modulation.