The load carrying ability of a lubricant is improved by adding to such lubricant an effective amount of diorganophosphorus derivative of urethane (ethyl carbamate).

The present invention is directed to an improved method for preparing O,O-dialkyl phthalimidophosphonothioate (hereinafter alternatively referred to as "phosphonothioate"), corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein each R is independently an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, comprising reacting O,O-dialkyl phosphoramidothioate with phthalic anhydride in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst.

Disclosed are novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN EACH X is independently selected from chlorine or bromine, R is alkylene having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, each R' is independently selected from an alkyl or haloalkyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and n is 1 to 3. The above compounds are effective flame retardants in flammable polymeric compositions.

Novel phosphoramides of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: n is 3 to 8; R.sub.1 is a mono- or di-alkylamine or alkenyl having a total of from 8 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each, independently, alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and X is oxygen or sulfur. The compounds, when combined with a lubricating oil (such as a mineral oil fraction or synthetic ester oil) or grease of appropriate lubricating viscosity are effective in improving the wear or extreme pressure lubricating characteristics of such oils or greases. Lubricating compositions containing such phosphoramides and methods for improving the wear or extreme pressure lubricating characteristics of oils or greases using such phosphoramides are also provided.

A radially expandable endcap adapted for mounting upon a mandrel of a collet of a forming package winder. Other aspects of this invention include a collet and winder including the above endcap and method for winding strand using the same. Another aspect of the present invention is a collet having an expandable mandrel on at least a portion of a first end of the collet proximate an operator and distal to a second, opposite end of the collet mounted upon a support. Other aspects of this invention are a winder including the above collet and a method for using the same.