A vitrified abrasive element such as a grinding wheel made from a mixture of (1) abrasive grit composed primarily of aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3), (2) a ceramic bonding material which may include feldspar, frit and clay and (3) a pore-forming material comprising glass cullet such, for example, as crushed or broken soda-lime glass having a strong affinity for the abrasive grit when melted by heating. The mixture is heated to vitrify the bonding material and melt the glass cullet, causing the glass to be attracted to and coat the abrasive grit and form a bond with the abrasive grit and with the bonding material. Voids are left in the spaces previously occupied by the crushed glass, producing a porous structure.
Abrasive grain, corundum (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) comprising titanium oxide, preferably Ti.sub.2 O.sub.3, is provided with a ceramic coating. The abrasive grain is subjected to a heat treatment whereby the Ti-oxides change from the trivalent into the quadrivalent degree of oxidation. The coating and the change of the degree of oxidation are effected simultaneously.
A novel glass batch material produced from materials comprising refractory brick and one or more fluxes and an associated method, and a method of making glass utilizing the novel glass batch material. The present invention provides a method of safely and inexpensively disposing of and utilizing used refractory linings from glass melting furnaces.
An electrodeposited grinding tool having an electrodeposited abrasive layer formed by electrodepositing abrasive grains to an electrodeposition thickness at least three times as large as the diameter of the abrasive grains. Pores are dispersed in the electrodeposited abrasive layer in a volume ratio of 10 to 70%.
An electrical edge connector cleaning device consisting of an essentially planar board having embossed areas at opposite ends that operate as an abrasive due to parallel striations used to create the embossed areas. The device is configured such that a first opposite end operates to clean male edge connectors by employing leverage means to assist in burnishing the connectors and a second opposite end operates to clean female edge connector sockets by embossing a top and a bottom surface of a lip that is then repeatedly inserted into and removed from a female edge connector socket to burnish the contacts.
A composition formed from (a.) aluminum oxide and/or a solid solution and/or a multiphase composition of aluminum oxide with one or more other metal oxide(s) and (b.) a metallic alloy and having a microstructure comprising a metallic phase, ceramic phase(s) comprising a reactive metal oxide phase and/or solid solutions containing said oxide, an aluminum oxide phase and/or solid solutions of aluminum oxide with one or more other metal oxides. The metallic alloy contains at least one metal characterized by a .DELTA.G of formation (Gibbs free energy) per mole of oxygen of its oxide that is comparable to or greater than the .DELTA.G of formation (Gibbs free energy) per mole of oxygen of aluminum oxide (133 Kcal/mole oxygen). The grain size of the ceramic phase(s) is less than about 10 microns. Cutting tools formed from these compositions have better operating lives than cutting tools containing tungsten carbide or titanium carbide.
