A cuvette for the projection display of chemical experiments comprises a rectangular parallelopipedal block of transparent material, e.g. glass or a transparent synthetic resin, which is formed with one or more compartments having the shapes of chemical experiment vessels and in requisite passages communicating therewith so that complete chemical experiments can be carried out within the vessels and demonstrated by projection display.

An automatic dimension analyzer is disclosed which comprises a power driven table on which an object being measured is placed, the table being movable in orthogonal directions, and an optical system for forming an optical image of the object in a sample point field. The sample point field is electronically scanned in a rectangular raster format to produce sample point data bits each representing a sample point having a predetermined optical level. A cursor generator is synchronized with the raster to generate a cursor in the sample point field. A coincidence detector is provided to detect a coincidence between a sample point data bit and the cursor. Measurement instructions are stored in sequentially addressible locations of a memory through a data entry means. A microprocessor addresses the memory locations to retrieve the instructions to cause one of the table and the cursor to move relative to the other so that sample points derived from the object move toward the cursor and detect the position of the table or cursor relative to a reference upon the detection of a coincidence by the coincidence detector.

Gases flow to individual gas analysis cells. The cells are sequentially aligned with an infrared detector, which senses the composition and quantities of the gas components. Each elongated cell is tapered inward toward the center from cell windows at the ends. Volume is reduced from a conventional cell, while permitting maximum interaction of gas with the light beam. Reduced volume and angulation of the cell inlets provide rapid purgings of the cell, providing shorter cycles between detections. For coal and other high molecular weight samples, from 50% to 100% oxygen is introduced to the tubes. Cells are suspended from adjustable holders on a frame which is spaced from a table. The table is moved by a linear motor and a fixed platen. Sides of the table are shielded to prevent electromagnetic and magnetic motor interference with detected results. The entire table, cells, mounting plate and linear motor are mounted in a housing with aligned holes for the analysis energy source and detector. The gas cells are calibrated for carbon dioxide and water vapor with a mass flow controlled oxidized fuel gas from a single analyzed source of such gas, oxygen and inert gas. Other calibration gases may be included, generated or added in the calibration gas stream.

The present invention relates mainly to reaction vessels, to sets of such vessels for automatic immunological assay apparatuses, to automatic immunological assay apparatuses making use of such sets of vessels, and to a method implementing sets of such vessels. According to the present invention, photometric detection is implemented of the luminescence of a reaction mixture found in a reaction vessel, the apparatus and/or the vessel guaranteeing light-tightness so as to prevent entry of external light falsifying the measurement. Advantageously, sets of vessels in accordance with the present invention are made out of a material that is opaque. The present invention is particularly applicable to detecting the presence of a chemical or a biological substance in a sample. The present invention applies mainly to medical analysis and research.