A microscope illumination system having a zoom unit located before the field diaphragm is useful to provide maximum illumination for objectives from 10 to 110X, when using a suitable condenser, without the disadvantages of other systems. The zoom unit comprises a positive lens, a negative lens and a positive lens in series with the two positive lenses connected together and movable with respect to the negative lens along the optical axis as a unit.
A microscope illumination system provides light for both transmitted and vertical microscopy techniques. A transmitted light illuminator comprises a collector lens system, a zoom lens system, and a collimator lens system which direct the light from a source to the microscope condenser. The vertical illumination system utilizes the same light source and comprises a collimator lens system, a relay lens system, and a collector lens system which provides the light directed into the rear of the microscope objective by a beam splitter.
A microdensitometer capable of submicron resolution is achieved by incorporation of adjustable diaphragms situated outside the optics of the microdensitometer.
A differential interference contrast microscope including an illuminating light source, a polarizer for converting an illumination light ray into a linearly polarized light, a polarized light separating unit for dividing the linearly polarized light ray into two linearly polarized light rays having mutually orthogonal vibrating directions, an illuminating optical system, for projecting the two linearly polarized light rays onto an object under inspection, a polarized light combining unit for combining the two linearly polarized light rays on a same optical path via an inspecting optical system, an analyzer for forming a differential interference contrast image on an imaging plane. The polarized light separating unit is constructed such that an amount of wavefront shear between the two linearly polarized light rays on the object can be changed, and the polarized light combining unit is arranged between the object and the analyzer at such a position that the two linearly polarized light rays propagate in parallel with each other and is constructed such that the two linearly polarized light rays can be combined with each other in accordance with the shear amount of wavefront introduced by the polarized light separating unit.
A differential interference contrast microscope including an illuminating light source, a polarizer for converting an illumination light ray into a linearly polarized light, a polarized light separating means for dividing the linearly polarized light ray into two linearly polarized light rays having mutually orthogonal vibrating directions, an illuminating optical system for projecting the two linearly polarized light rays onto an object under inspection, a polarized light combining unit for combining the two linearly polarized light rays on a same optical path via an inspecting optical system, an analyzer for forming a differential interference contrast image on an imaging plane. The polarized light separating unit is constructed such that an amount of wavefront shear between the two linearly polarized light rays on the object can be changed, and the polarized light combining unit is arranged between the object and the analyzer at such a position that the two linearly polarized light rays propagate in parallel with each other and is constructed such that the two linearly polarized light rays can be combined with each other in accordance with the shear amount of wavefront introduced by the polarized light separating unit.
A transmission type illumination equipment for microscopes comprising a condenser lens for high magnification level and an aperture stop arranged in the vicinity of the front focal point of said condenser lens for high magnification level which are so arranged as to be replaceable with a condenser lens for low magnification level and an aperture stop arranged in the vicinity of said condenser lens for low magnification level respectively. Said illumination equipment for microscopes is so adapted as to form an image of the light source at the position of a corresponding aperture stop when it is switched for illumination between high and low magnification levels, thereby assuring illumination in favorable conditions from ultra-low to high magnification levels.
