An improvement in the process for producing acrylic or methacrylic acid by the vapor phase catalytic oxidation of a system containing acrolein or methacrolein, respectively, is provided. The improvement resides in the employment, in such process, of a novel catalyst prepared by admixing with a solution of the catalytic components an organic substance, for example from the group of organic acids, alcohols, amines, esters and quinones, drying the admixture and subsequently calcining the admixture at a temperature in the range of 330.degree. to 430.degree.C to form the novel catalyst.
This application is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 851,429, filed Aug. 19, 1969, now abandoned which in turn is a substitute application of Ser. No. 626,971, filed Mar. 30, 1967, now abandoned.
Methacrylic acid is produced by the vapor phase oxidation of methacrolein in the presence of a complex oxide catalyst having the formula: wherein X represents at least one of the elements selected from the group of Mn, Fe, Co, Sn and Te and a, b, c, d, e, f and g represent atomic ratios wherein a=12; b=0.01 to 2; c=0.1 to 3; d=0.01 to 2; e=0.01 to 2; f=0 to 2 and g is determined by the valences of the non-oxygen components of the catalyst and is usually in a range of 38 to 50. The catalyst can be optionally reduced by subjecting the metal oxide mixture to at least one reducing organic material selected from the group consisting of dibasic carboxylic acids, oxycarboxylic acids, and polyols.
The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of phosphomolybdic acid based catalysts utilized in the oxidation of aldehydes to unsaturated carboxylic acids by forming a solution of hydrated phosphomolybdic acid in a substantially anhydrous alkanol, adding a base to the solution, evaporating the solution to yield a catalyst powder and thereafter drying and calcining the powder to form the active catalyst. A second method for preparation is also provided and includes the steps of forming a solution of hydrated phosphomolybdic acid in a substantially anhydrous alkanol, evaporating the solution to form a concentrate, impregnating a catalyst support material with the concentrate, contacting the impregnated support with ammonia gas in an amount sufficient to form an insoluble precipitate of ammonium alkyl phosphomolybdic acid within the pore structure of said support material and thereafter drying and calcining said impregnated support material so as to form a coated catalyst.
Compound for a water dilutable metal-working lubricant characterized in that it has the formula ##STR1## where R consists of an alkyl rest containing 3-15 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 consists of an alkyl rest, a substituted alkyl rest, an unsaturated alkyl rest, a substituted unsaturated alkyl rest, an aryl rest or a substituted aryl rest containing 4--30 carbon atoms R.sub.2 consists of an alkyl rest, a substituted alkyl rest, an alkylene rest, an aryl rest, a substituted aryl rest, an alicyclic rest or a substituted alicyclic rest containing 1-20 carbon atoms and R.sub.3.sup..sym. consists of protonized amine or an alkali metal cation m has a value between 3 and 8 n<m and p has a value between 0.5 and 8, preferably 0.5-3.
Bismuth molybdate catalysts formed from a precatalyst slurry which uses an organic liquid or mixture of an organic liquid and water as the liquid medium of the slurry exhibit superior catalytic properties.
Improved supported, mixed-metal oxide oxidation catalysts are prepared by conditioning a devolatilized catalyst precursor with an alcohol prior to calacining the precursor to a finished catalyst. For example, a promoted bismuth phosphomolybdate oxidation catalyst useful for converting propylene to acrolein demonstrates enhanced performance characteristics when the devolatilized catalyst precursor is subjected to boiling ethanol prior to calcining it to a finished catalyst.
