Random access line printer - Patent Review 3970183

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. Registration apparatus for use with line printers having means for supporting and feeding a paper document;

print head means for printing characters on said document;

a carriage supporting said print head in close proximity to said document supporting means and means for moving said carriage relative to said document to effect printing of a line;

said registration apparatus comprising:

an elongated stationary registration strip positioned in spaced substantially parallel fashion relative to said supporting means, said strip having a plurality of uniformly spaced slits each separated from adjacent slits by opaque bars, said slits being adapted to pass light therethrough;

housing means mounted on said carriage and movable therewith;

said housing means having a slot for receiving said strip;

first and second chambers being provided in said housing means on opposite sides of said slot;

a light source being mounted in said first chamber;

said first chamber having an opening communicating with said slot to cause light from said source to impinge on said strip;

photodetector means mounted in said second chamber;

said second chamber having a narrow rectangular opening communicating with said slot for passing light passing through only one slit in said strip at any given instant to activate said photodetector means for generating a pulse to actuate said print head means for printing characters at precise locations along said document;

said paper document is being adapted to have a maximum number n of characters printed on each line;

said strip having n/2 slits;

said photodetector means being adapted to generate a pulse as said rectangular opening passes each slit whereby the leading edge of said pulse occurs as said opening passes one edge of a slit and wherein the trailing edge of the pulse occurs as the rectangular opening passes the opposite edge of the slit;

circuit means coupled to said photodetector means for generating a first narrow pulse responsive to the leading edge of the pulse generated by said photodetector means and for generating a second narrow pulse responsive to the trailing edge of the pulse generated by said photodetector means, said first and second narrow pulses being of substantially equal pulse width and being of a pulse width which is substantially narrower than the pulse width of the pulse generated by said photodetector means;

the output of said circuit means being coupled to said print head means to enable the print head means twice for each slit passed by said rectangular opening.

2. The registration apparatus of claim 1 wherein said light source is a light emitting diode.

3. The registration apparatus of claim 1 wherein said narrow opening is substantially parallel to said slits and the width of said opening is substantially equal to the width of said slits.

4. The registration apparatus of claim 1 wherein said circuit means comprises:

first differentiation means coupled to said photodetector means;

first one-shot multivibrator means coupled to said differentiation means for generating said first narrow pulse when the output of said first differentiation means reaches a first threshold level;

first invertor means coupled to said photodetector means for inverting the output of said photodetector means;

second differentiation means coupled to said first invertor means;

second one-shot multivibrator means coupled to said second differentiation means for generating said second narrow pulse when the output of said second differentiation means reaches a predetermined threshold, whereby narrow pulses are generated at the edges of every slit.

5. Registration means for accurately controlling the printing of characters in a line printer comprising;

first means for supporting a paper document;

second means for feeding a paper document in a first direction;

a print head for printing characters;

carriage means and means for selectively moving said carriage in either a forward or reverse printing direction said printing direction being transverse to the direction of movement of the paper document;

an elongated registration strip having uniformly spaced transparent slits, said strip being mounted in spaced parallel fashion relative to the portion of the surface of the paper document upon which printing is occurring;

housing means mounted upon said carriage for movement therewith, said housing means having a narrow slot for receiving said strip;

first and second chambers positioned on one side of said slot and having openings communicating with said slot;

a first and a second light source each respectively mounted in said first and second chambers for directing light into said slot;

third and fourth chambers positioned on the opposite side of said slot, each having a narrow opening communicating with said slot;

first and second photodetectors respectively mounted within said third and fourth chambers each being activated by light passing through a slit and the respective opening of the chamber in which the photodetector is mounted;

the openings of said third and fourth chambers being arranged in an offset manner to cause said photodetectors to be activated in a one-at-a-time fashion regardless of the direction of movement of said carriage means;

decoding circuit means coupled to said first and second photodetectors being responsive to the output pulses developed by the photodetectors to generate a signal representing the direction of movement of said carriage.

6. The device of claim 5 wherein said circuit means further comprises means for generating narrow pulses each occurring at the edges of said slits;

means coupling said means for generating narrow pulses to said print head to enable printing only during the occurrence of a narrow pulse.

7. Registration means for accurately controlling the printing of characters in a line printer comprising:

first means for supporting a paper document;

second means for feeding a paper document in a first direction;

a print head for printing characters;

carriage means and means for selectively moving said carriage in either a forward or reverse printing direction said printing direction being transverse to the direction of movement of the paper document;

an elongated registration strip having first and second arrays each comprised of uniformly spaced transparent slits, said strip being mounted in spaced parallel fashion relative to the portion of the surface of the paper document upon which printing is occurring;

each slit of said first array being offset relative to an associated slit of said second array;

housing means mounted upon said carriage for movement therewith, said housing means having a narrow slot for receiving said strip;

first and second chambers positioned on one side of said slot and having openings communicating with said slot and each arranged to pass along a different one of said arrays as the carriage is moved;

first and second light sources respectively mounted in said first and second chambers for directing light into said slot;

third and fourth chambers positioned on the opposite side of said slot, each having a narrow opening communicating with said slot and each arranged to pass along a different one of said arrays as the carriage is moved;

first and second photodetectors respectively mounted within said third and fourth chambers each being activated by light passing through a slit and the respective opening of the chamber in which the photodetector is mounted;

the openings of said third and fourth chambers being aligned with one another to cause said photodetectors to be activated in a one-at-a-time fashion regardless of the direction of movement of said carriage means;

decoding circuit means coupled to said first and second photodetectors being responsive to the output pulses of said photodetectors to generate a signal representing the direction of movement of said carriage.

8. The device of claim 7 wherein said circuit means further comprises means for generating narrow pulses occurring at each of the edges of said slits;

means coupling said narrow pulses to said print head to enable printing only during the occurrence of a narrow pulse.

9. A line printer comprising means for supporting a paper document;

means for moving said paper document in a first direction along said supporting means;

a carriage reversibly movable in a direction transverse to said first direction to traverse said document;

means for selectively driving said carriage in either a forward or reverse direction;

a print head mounted on said carriage for sequentially printing characters in either said forward or reverse direction;

registration means positioned in substantially spaced parallel fashion relative to said supporting means; said registration means having registration marks each representing a printing position;

optical means mounted on said carriage and traversing said registration means for generating a signal as said optical means passes each mark during movement of the carriage;

first bidirectional counting means coupled to said optical means for generating a cumulative count of print positions representative of the position of said print means along the paper document;

means coupled to said optical means for determining the direction of movement of said carriage to respectively increment or decrement said counting means;

first register means for receiving binary words representative of the graphic information to be printed on a line of said document;

carriage braking means and means responsive to termination of a line of print for activating said braking means to abruptly halt said carriage means;

means coupled to said first register means for determining the end points of a line of graphic information stored in said first register means;

first and second storage means coupled to said end point determining means for storing binary information representative of said end points;

means for comparing said end point binary information with the count in said first counting means to generate a signal for controlling the direction of movement of said carriage means for printing the graphic information stored in said register means whereby said carriage is moved towards the closest one of said end points.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising second register means;

means for transferring the contents of said first register means to said second register means when said comparison means generates a signal to indicate printing in the reverse direction;

said transferring means including means for reversing the order of the binary words in said second register means for controlling the operation of said print head;

means responsive to the direction of printing for selectively coupling only one of said first and second register means to said print head control means.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said comparison means includes means for generating a first signal when said print head lies to the same side of both of said end points;

said selective driving means being coupled to said comparison means for moving said carriage towards the closest end point responsive to said first signal.

12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said comparison means comprises means for generating a first signal when said print head is positioned between said end points;

means responsive to said first signal for simultaneously transferring the contents of said first counting means into second and third counters;

said transferring means further comprising stepping means for incrementing the count in said second counter and for decrementing the count in said third counter at the same rate;

said comparison means including a first comparator coupled to said second counter and said first storage means and a second comparator coupled to said third counter and said second storage means; and each comparator being adapted to generate a comparison signal when the count in its associated counter equals the count in its associated storage means;

means responsive to the first comparison signal to be generated to disable said stepping means and thereby terminate the incrementing and decrementing operation;

means responsive to the first generated comparison signal to operate said driving means to move said carriage toward the direction of closest end point position;

said comparison means including means for generating a signal when the count in said first counting means equals the count in the storage means which represents the end point towards which the print head is moving to de-activate said driving means and activate said braking means;

said comparison means including means for generating a second signal when the count in said first counting means is either greater or smaller than the count in both of said first and second storage means to activate said driving means to move said carriage means towards the closest end point of the next line of graphic information to be printed.

13. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising character generator means;

means responsive to said optical means for sequentially transferring each binary word in said first register means to said character generator means for converting said binary word into signals representing the graphic information to be printed;

means coupling said print head to said character generator means for printing the graphic information developed by said character generator.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said print head comprises print wires for impacting said paper document and printing drive means for driving each print wire;

said character generator means comprising means for successively generating a plurality of dot patterns collectively representing the characters to be printed responsive to the binary word applied to said character generator;

means coupled to said optical means for generating sequential stepping signals coupled to said character generator means for generating one dot pattern at a time responsive to the sequential stepping signals.

15. Registration apparatus for use with line printers having means for supporting and feeding a paper document;

print head means for printing characters on said document;

a carriage supporting said print head in close proximity to said document supporting means and means for moving said carriage relative to said document to effect printing of a line;

said registration apparatus comprising:

an elongated stationary registration strip positioned in spaced substantially parallel fashion relative to said supporting means, said strip having a plurality of uniformly spaced slits each separated from adjacent slits by opaque bars, said slits being adapted to pass light therethrough;

housing means mounted on said carriage and movable therewith;

said housing means having a slot for receiving said strip;

first and second chambers being provided in said housing means on opposite sides of said slot;

a light source being mounted in said first chamber;

said first chamber having an opening communicating with said slot to cause light from said source to impinge on said strip;

photodetector means mounted in said second chamber;

said second chamber having a narrow rectangular opening communicating with said slot for passing light passing through only one slit in said strip at any given instant to activate said photodetector means for generating a pulse to actuate said print head means for printing characters at precise locations along said document;

said paper document is being adapted to have a maximum number n of dots printed on each line;

said strip having n/2 slits;

said photodetector means being adapted to generate a pulse as said rectangular opening passes each slit whereby the leading edge of said pulse occurs as said opening passes one edge of a slit and wherein the trailing edge of the pulse occurs as the rectangular opening passes the opposite edge of the slit;

circuit means coupled to said photodetector means for generating a first narrow pulse responsive to the leading edge of the pulse generated by said photodetector means and for generating a second narrow pulse responsive to the trailing edge of the pulse generated by said photodetector means, said first and second narrow pulses being of substantially equal pulse width and being of a pulse width which is substantially narrower than the pulse width of the pulse generated by said photodetector means;

the output of said circuit means being coupled to said print head means to enable the print head means twice for each slit passed by said rectangular opening.

16. Method for operating the print head of a bidirectional printer comprising the steps of:

a. monitoring the movement and position of the head to generate a discrete first count representing the location of the head at every instant of time;

b. sequentially receiving and storing the data field of the next line of data to be printed;

c. locating the end points of the stored data field and developing second and third counts representative of the location of the data field left and right-hand end points;

d. comparing the first count with said second and third counts;

e. reversing the order of the stored data when the first count is greater than both the second and third counts;

f. moving the head in the reverse direction towards the closest end point of the data field end point.

17. The method of claim 16 further including the steps of:

initiating printing as soon as the first count equals the second count, whereby the head begins printing only after the head reaches a predetermined velocity to assure that printing occurs "on the fly".

18. The method of claim 17 further including the steps of:

terminating printing when the first count equals the third count; and

abruptly halting the head in readiness for printing the next line.

19. Method for operating the print head of a bidirectional printer comprising the steps of:

a. monitoring the movement and position of the head to generate a discrete first count representing the location of the head at every instant of time;

b. sequentially receiving and storing the data field of the next line of data to be printed;

c. locating the end points of the stored data field and developing second and third counts representative of the location of the data field left and right-hand end points;

d. comparing the first count with said second and third counts;

e. moving the head in the forward direction towards the closest data field end point when the first count is less than both the second and third counts.

20. Method for operating the print head of a bidirectional printer comprising the steps of:

a. monitoring the movement and position of the head to generate a discrete first count representing the location of the head at every instant of time;

b. sequentially receiving and storing the data field of the next line of data to be printed;

c. locating the end points of the stored data field and developing second and third counts representative of the location of the data field left and right-hand end points;

d. comparing the first count with said second and third counts;

e. reversing the order of the stored data when the first count is equal to the third count;

f. moving the head in the forward direction;

g. decelerating the head when the first count is greater than the third count whereby the head is halted after moving a first minimum distance;

h. reversing the movement of the head and initiating printing as soon as the first count equals the third count whereby the minimum distance allows the head to reach a predetermined velocity to assure printing "on the fly".

21. Method for operating the print head of a bidirectional printer comprising the steps of:

a. monitoring the movement and position of the head to generate a discrete first count representing the location of the head at every instant of time;

b. sequentially receiving and storing the data field of the next line of data to be printed;

c. locating the end points of the stored data field and developing second and third counts representative of the location of the data field left and right-hand end points;

d. comparing the first count with said second and third counts;

e. moving the head in the reverse direction when the first count equals the second count;

f. decelerating the head when the first count is less than the second count whereby the head is halted after moving a first minimum distance;

g. reversing the movement of the head and initiating printing as soon as the first count equals the second count to allow the head to move through said minimum distance towards the closest end point to reach a predetermined velocity and thereby assure that printing occurs "on the fly".

22. Method for operating the print head of a bidirectional printer comprising the steps of:

a. monitoring the movement and position of the head to generate a discrete first count representing the location of the head at every instant of time;

b. sequentially receiving and storing the data field of the next line of data to be printed;

c. locating the end points of the stored data field and developing second and third counts representative of the location of the data field left and right-hand end points;

d. comparing the first count with said second and third counts;

e. transferring the first count to a pair of counters and incrementing and decrementing the pair of counters at the said rate;

f. respectively comparing the incremented and decremented counts to the second and third counts;

g. terminating the incrementing and decrementing as soon as either the incremented first count equals the third count or the decremented first count equals the third count;

h. reversing the order of the data field;

i. moving the head in the forward direction when the incremented first count equals the third count;

j. decelerating the head when the first count equals the third count to allow the head to move a first minimum distance;

k. reversing the movement of the head and initiating printing as soon as the head has moved said first minimum distance to allow the head to reach a predetermined velocity and thereby assure that printing occurs "on the fly".

23. Method for operating the print head of a bidirectional printer comprising the steps of:

a. monitoring the movement and position of the head to generate a discrete first count representing the location of the head at every instant of time;

b. sequentially receiving and storing the data field of the next line of data to be printed;

c. locating the end points of the stored data field and developing second and third counts representative of the location of the data field left and right-hand end points;

d. comparing the first count with said second and third counts;

e. transferring the first count to a pair of counters and incrementing and decrementing the pair of counters at the said rate;

f. respectively comparing the incremented and decremented counts to the second and third counts;

g. terminating the incrementing and decrementing as soon as either the incremented first count equals the third count or the decremented first count equals the second count;

h. moving the head in the reverse direction when the decremented first count equals the second count;

i. deceleratiang the head when the first count equals the second count to allow the head to move a first minimum distance after the occurrence of equality between the first and second counts;

j. reversing the movement of the head and initiating printing as soon as the head has moved said first minimum distance to allow the head to reach a predetermined velocity and thereby assure that printing occurs "on the fly".

24. In a line printer having means for supporting a paper document; a print head for printing data on a paper document and means for moving the print head across the document, combined registration and direction determining means comprising;

a registration strip having at least one array of uniformly spaced slits arranged along the path of movement of said print head;

sensing means movable with said print head along said strip and cooperating with said registration strip for generating first and second signals being out of phase and having a predetermined substantially uniform phase offset;

said print head including means for printing on the paper;

means coupled to said sensing means for generating and enabling pulses as the sensing means passes each slit for enabling printing only in registration with said slits;

means coupled to said sensing means and responsive to said first and second signals for generating a direction signal representing the direction of movement of the print head;

means for storing information representing the data to be printed;

means responsive to the direction signal for controlling the order in which the stored information is utilized to control said print head.

25. The device of claim 24 wherein said registration means comprises a second array of uniformly spaced slits, the spacing of both arrays being equal;

the slits of said arrays being offset to obtain said electrical phase offset.

26. The device of claim 24 wherein said sensing means comprises first and second photosensing means for sensing light passing through said arrays;

mask means for each photosensing means said mask means each having narrow slits to permit light to reach said photosensing means when said registration slits pass said mask slits;

said mask slits being substantially parallel to said registration slits and being spaced apart a distance selected to provide said electrical phase offset.

27. In a line printer having means for supporting a paper document; a print head for printing data on a paper document and means for moving the print head across the document, combined registration and direction determining means comprising;

a registration strip having at least one array of uniformly spaced slits arranged along the path of movement of said print head;

sensing means movable with said print head along said strip and cooperating with said registration strip for generating first and second signals being out of phase and having a predetermined substantially uniform phase offset;

said print head including means for printing on the paper;

means coupled to said sensing means for generating and enabling pulses as the sensing means passes each slit for enabling printing only in registration with said slits;

means coupled to said sensing means and responsive to said first and second signals for generating a direction signal representing the direction of movement of the print head;

said first and second signals being defined by a waveform of rectangular shaped pulses each associated with one of said slits and whose leading and trailing each edge coincides with a leading and trailing edge of a slit;

said enabling pulse generating means including first and second means each generating narrow enabling pulses responsive to and coinciding with the leading and trailing edges of said rectangular pulses whereby printing is enabled at locations coinciding with the edges of each slit.

The present invention relates to printers and more particularly to high speed impact printers of the dot matrix type having a bidirectional print capability and being capable of printing succeeding lines in the shortest possible elapsed time and with the minimum amount of head movement.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Line printers of the dot matrix type are typically comprised of a print head movable across a paper document and being capable of printing selected dot positions in a dot column. In one typical embodiment, the dot column has seven dot positions which may be selectively printed in any combination. Five adjacent dot columns typically comprise a single alphanumeric character or other symbol thereby creating a 5 .times. 7 dot matrix wherein the selected printing of the 35 possible dot positions cooperatively form the desired alphanumeric character or other symbol. The printer in its most general form, moves the print heat to the left-hand-most position of the paper document and advances the paper document in readiness for printing the next line (normally referred to as a carriage return-line feed) operation. The print head then moves across the paper document successively printing dot columns at selected positions along the line until it reaches the right-hand end of the paper document thereby completing a line of print. The print head is then moved in the reverse direction, typically at a speed faster than the printing speed, back to the start or left-hand-most position and the paper document is again advanced in readiness for printing the next line.

Numerous techniques and apparatus have been developed to increase printing speeds, one of which is the bidirectional printer which is capable of printing a line of print as the print head moves in either the forward or reverse direction. In operation, every other line of print is produced by moving the head in the forward direction and every intervening line of print is produced by moving the head in the reverse direction thereby eliminating the need for a carriage return operation so that only the paper document need be moved upon the completion of each line of print to advance the paper document in readiness for printing the next line.

The above technique constitutes the most efficient manner presently known for operating line printers in applications wherein the printed matter consists of a large number of lines with each line being substantially filled to capacity with alphanumeric characters and/or other symbols. However, a number of applications exist wherein the data field of a line of print occupies only a fractional portion of a line. With graphic formats of this type, the bidirectional printer nevertheless causes the print head to continue to move over the remainder of the line until it reaches the end of the paper document toward which it is moving, at which time it stops, reverses its direction, and prints the next line. If, for example, the next line of print likewise occupies a mere fraction of the entire length of the line, the movement of the print head over the remainder of the unprinted length of line and reversal of the print head over a significant portion of the next line of print before actually initiating printing becomes wasteful of printing time thereby resulting in a significant reduction in the printing speed of the printer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is characterized by providing a high speed impact printer of the dot matrix type in which non-printing movement of the print head is substantially eliminated or is reduced to an absolute minimum.

The printer of the present invention continuously monitors the position of the print head, as well as monitoring the direction of movement at any given instant. Upon completion of either a full or fractional line of print, the print head is abruptly halted. Binary data representative of the next line of print is inputted and stored in the printer which develops binary signals representative of the end points of the data field. These signals are compared with the present position of the print head to determine whether the print head lies beyond or between the aforementioned data field end points. In cases where the print head lies outside of the data field end points, the print head is moved toward the direction of the closest end point at which time the video registration means of the printer automatically and instantaneously initiates printing as the print head passes the closest end point and enters the data field. To facilitate printing in either direction, the data representing the next line of print, after being entered into the printer, is stored in a first register in a normal format. The register is spun through one full cycle whereby the decision as to which direction the printing will occur is determined. In forward printing data is outputted from the first register to operate the character generators and ultimately the print head solenoids.

If the comparison operation shows the print head position to lie closer to the right-hand end of the character field, the first register is spun 132 more times to enter the binary data in a second register in reverse order. Data then is stepped out of the second register during printing to operate the character generator.

In situations where the print head lies between the data field end points, binary information of the present print head position is loaded into first and second registers which are respectively counted up and down. The outputs of the registers are respectively compared against the left and right-hand end point information and the first comparison which occurs determines the shortest distance required for print head movement to start printing the next line of print whereupon the print head will move toward the appropriate end point location, moves slightly beyond the location to be abruptly halted and then reverse its direction and start print "on the fly" as it passes the closest end point.

In situations where the present head location is exactly equal to either the left or right-hand end points of the data field, the head will be "kicked" slightly in the direction away from the data field, be promptly reversed and start printing "on the fly" as soon as the print head is in registry with the closest end point.

The video information is detected by a pair of optical channels arranged out of phase with one another so that a precise count of the print head position in the direction of movement is automatically and instantaneously obtained.

The printer of the present invention further has the capability of printing expanded characters and incorporates circuit means for preventing binary data representative of an expanded character format from being lost in instances where the inputted data representative of the expanded character format exceeds the printing capacity of a line of print.

The printer of the present invention further has the capability of printing in the graphic mode which enables printing at all positions including those which typically represent a space between adjacent characters, which capability is also utilized in the graphic mode in the reverse direction.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND OBJECTS

It is therefore one object of the present invention to provide a novel bidirectional printer of the dot matrix type which is capable of reducing movement of the print head during non-printing periods to an absolute minimum.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel bidirectonal printer of the dot matrix type having novel means for determining the position and direction of movement of the print head at any given instant.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a bidirectional printer of the dot matrix type having novel means for abruptly halting the print head upon completion of the last character on a line to be printed regardless of character position, of determining the present position of the print head relative to the data field of the next line of print and of moving the print head over the shortest possible distance to initiate printing of the next line.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel bidirectional printer of the dot matrix type which automatically and instantaneously initiates printing "one the fly" as the print head moves into the data field and which uses a novel delayed strobe technique to permit initiation of printing from the rest position of the print head.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel bidirectional printer of the dot matrix type which is capable of printing in either the character or graphic mode and utilizes a novel scheme for printing at any position along a line of print regardless of the direction of printing or the printing mode being employed at any given instant.

The above as well as other objects of the present invention will become apparent when reading the accompanying description and drawings in which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the mechanical aspects of a printer embodying the principles of the present invention.

FIG. 2a shows a plan view of a registration strip employed in the printer of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2b shows a partial top view of the registration strip of FIG. 2a.

FIG. 2c shows an exploded view of the transparent slit pattern of FIG. 2a.

FIGS. 2d-2h show various views of an optical assembly employed with the registration strip of FIG. 2a, FIG. 2d showing a view of one housing portion looking in the direction of arrows 2d--2d of FIG. 2f.

FIG. 2i shows another preferred embodiment of a registration strip in plan view.

FIG. 2k shows an exploded view of the registration slit arrays of FIG. 2i.

FIGS. 2l - 2o show various views of a dual slip optical assembly for use with the registration strip of FIG. 2i.

FIG. 2p shows a plot of waveforms useful in describing the operation of the registration techniques of the present invention.

FIG. 3a is a block diagram showing the function decoder and related circuitry for providing various function signals.

FIG. 3b is a block diagram showing the forward and reverse registers of the printer.

FIG. 3c shows the counting and control circuitry employed for examining the binary words representing the character field in the forward register and for reversing the order of the binary words and loading same into the reverse register.

FIG. 4 shows a circuitry employed for determining the position of the print head relative to the end points of the character field.

FIG. 4a shows a circuitry employed for determining the direction of movement of the print head for printing.

FIG. 4b shows a block diagram of the circuitry employed for loading the up-down counters with the contents of the head position counter and for enabling operation of the clutch.

FIG. 4c shows the circuitry employed for controlling the printing operation when printing expanded characters.

FIG. 4d shows the circuitry employed for selectively enabling the forward and reverse clutches and the brake.

FIG. 4e shows the circuitry employed for generating prime signals to initialize this system and for returning the print head to the left-hand margin under certain operating conditions.

FIG. 4f shows the circuitry employed for generating still another prime condition for initializing the printer circuitry and shows the circuitry employed for providing a lamp indication of a failure in the operation of the registration apparatus.

FIG. 5a shows a block diagram of the circuitry employed for determining the direction of movement of the print head at any given instant.

FIG. 5b is a block diagram showing the circuitry employed for creating "artificial" registration pulses upon the initiation of m