Furnace black products are disclosed which have a particle size of at least 15 millimicrons, a dibutylphthalate absorption (DBP) not exceeding 120 c.c./100 gms., a nitrogen surface area of at least 500 m.sup.2 /gm., and a volatile content no greater than about 3 weight percent. The volatile and oxygen content of these blacks can be substantially increased by reaction with an oxygenating agent, such as nitric acid, to provide oxygenated carbon blacks which are useful in xerographic toner compositions. In accordance with the present invention, the furnace black products can be produced in an oil furnace process wherein a stream of liquid water intersects a liquid stream of feedstock hydrocarbon after streams of both liquids have been injected into a heated carbon black furnace. When the water stream contacts the liquid feedstock stream it is relatively cold in comparison to the temperature of the feedstock. Exothermic reaction of the feedstock with free oxygen present in the furnace is caused by contact with the water. More specifically, the water is injected into the feedstock hydrocarbon at a very early stage after it enters the furnace and instead of a quenching, the injection of water caused a flaming reaction of the feedstock with oxygen and thus promotes the formation of carbon black. This burning of the feedstock hydrocarbon in mixture with the injected water is carried out in a section of the furnace reaction chamber which is maintained at a temperature of at least 2600.degree. F., and preferably at a temperature within the range of 2600.degree. to about 3000.degree. F.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 444,947, filed Feb. 22, 1974, now abandoned; which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 316,200, filed Dec. 18, 1972, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,832,450 both of which were assigned to the same assignee as this application, and the parent of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
This disclosure relates to an improved furnace process for producing carbon blacks by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbonaceous feedstock wherein the resultant blacks have higher surface areas than the carbon blacks normally prepared from the feedstocks, as a result of which the blacks are particularly suitable for use in imparting conductivity properties to plastic materials and the like. This disclosure also relates to the production of a novel class of furnace blacks having excellent conductivity properties and which are characterized by high surface areas and low pH values.
Inks are manufactured directly from residues from refinery operations by the steps of (1) charging the residue feedstock into a chamber where (a) it is atomized and (b) its decomposition products are reacted with oxygen and heat, (2) discharging the products of step (1) into a mixing device containing a liquid ink vehicle and selected additives, and (3) recovering the ink product.
A pigment composition for liquid toner comprising a carbon black, a resin and non-aqueous solvent, the carbon black and the resin being dissolved and dispersed in the non-aqueous solvent, and any one of (1) carbon black having a grit content of not more than 10 ppm and an ash content of not more than 0.1% by weight, (2) such carbon black that a value obtained by dividing a total amount of oxygen calculated from a composition of volatile components in carbon black at 1,500.degree. C. by a specific surface area thereof, lies in the range of 0.20 to 0.40 mg/m.sup.2, and (3) such carbon black that when extracted with monochlorobenzene, the content of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the extract is not more than 30 ppm, being used as the carbon black. The composition is produced by kneading the pigment and the resin together, freeze-pulverizing the mixture and then dissolving and dispersing the resultant particles in the non-aqueous solvent. This pigment composition is useful for liquid toners capable of exhibiting a good image properties having a sufficient print density. It has no influence on human body even when inhaled or ingested.
A process for producing carbon blacks having lower surface area and structure wherein steam is introduced into the combustion gas stream at a point located a distance "L" from the point of introduction of feedstock into the combustion gas stream such that the ratio L/D ranges from 0 to less than 1.0, where "D" is the diameter of the zone of the reactor at the point of introduction of feedstock.
The present invention discloses a carbon black having an N.sub.2 SA of 75 to 105 m.sup.2 /g and a compressive DBP absorption of at least 110 ml/100 g and, at the same time, having the following selective characteristic values: true specific gravity.ltoreq.1.9080-0.0016.times.N.sub.2 SA; void diameter of particle aggregates (nm).gtoreq.62.2-0.236.times.N.sub.2 SA; and range of aggregate size distribution [.DELTA.Dst (nm)].gtoreq.30.6+0.6118.times.Dst.
