A drawn cup needle bearing with an open end and a covered end contains multiple roller elements in a retainer or cage. The bearing is installed on a trunnion of a universal joint and has a protuberance projecting inwardly from the covered end so as to provide a bearing surface between the protuberance and the end of the trunnion. The protuberance is surrounded by an annular region which has been spring-tempered to allow the covered end to flex without cracking during installation of the bearing onto the trunnion and during normal operation.

A rolling contact parts steel has C: 0.2-0.6 wt%; Si: 0.3-2.0 wt%; Cr: 0.5-2.5 wt%; Mn: 1.7 wt% or less; O: 12 ppm or less; and the balance of Fe and an inevitable impurity. The steel produces a fine carbide without the need for a separate heat treatment. The dimensioal stability at high temperature of the steel is superior. A rolling bearing has at least one of the races and the rolling element thereof made of the steel, the steel being carburized or carbonitrided, then quenched and then, finally, tempered. The one of the races and the rolling element will not soften at a high temperature.

A high pressure fuel injection tubing material and a method of manufacturing the same wherein the inside surface of a fine diameter thick wall metal tube made of a single steel material is cemented, then the entire metal tube is heated and then immediately the outside surface is quenched or the inside surface is quickly heated and is then left to naturally cool so that the carbon content may gradually increase with the hardness distribution toward the inside surface from the outside surface of the wall thickness and a residual stress producing part in the peripheral direction may be formed. The above mentioned injection tubing material is high in the pressure resistance and can be well guaranteed against cracking and breaking by vibrations or the like.

High speed steel (HSS) compositions having less C and Cr contents than standard grades of HSS to permit carburization using conventional techniques. The alloys contain less than 0.40 wt. % C and less than 2% Cr. The low Cr content is a critical factor in enhancing the ease of carburizing the present steels. The resulting HSS compositions possess high hardness and fracture resistance. More particularly, the steels include, in % by weight: 0-0.4% C; 0.5-1.5% Cr; 1.5-3.5% Ni; 0.1-0.6% M; 0.15-0.65% Si; 0.03 max % P; 0.03 max % S; one or more members selected from the group consisting of 4.0-15.3% Mo; 1.0-5.7% V; up to 13% Co and up to 28% W, and wherein the aggregate amount of %Cr+%Mo+%V+%W+%Co is between 7.5-35% and balance essentially Fe and incidental impurities. A method for treating the above alloy includes the steps of carburizing at about 960.degree. C. followed by quenching, preheating to about 870.degree. C. followed by austenitizing at 1125.degree. C.-1225.degree. C., quenching, and tempering twice at temperatures up to 550.degree. C. followed by air cooling.

A case carburizable stainless steel alloy intended to be used at operating temperatures up to 700.degree. F. The alloy is able to achieve and maintain a high surface hardness when carburized and heat treated and combines high fracture toughness, hot hardness, metal-to-metal wear resistance and corrosion resistance while retaining core ductility and strength. The alloy consists essentially of (in weight percent) 0.1 to 0.25% carbon, 0 to 1% silicon, 0 to 1% manganese, 13 to 19% chromium, 1.75 to 5.25% nickel, 3 to 5% molybdenum, 0.25 to 1.25% vanadium, 5 to 14% cobalt, 0.01 to 0.1% niobium; 0 to 0.02% boron; and the balance iron and incidental impurities. The alloy is particularly suited for use in bearing applications and also in cams, shafts, gears, bolts and like articles exposed to elevated temperatures and corrosive atmospheres.