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Description  |
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The present invention relates to the packaging of electrical cells in
general and more particularly concerns a storage and merchandising package
for button cells.
With the rising usage of button cells in hearing aids, transistor radios,
miniature electronic calculators and the like, it has become increasingly
important to provide economical packaging systems for adequately storing
and effectively merchandising such cells for original equipment or
replacement purchasers. This is especially true for such button cells, of
the Zinc-Air cell type, which require air vents for proper operation and
yet which must be substantially completely sealed during storage to insure
adequate shelf-life. Due to the small size of such button cells it is also
desirable to store and merchandise them in packages of a convenient size
and construction so that the cells will not become inadvertently
disassociated from their package and lost during transportation from the
manufacturer to the retail outlet or subsequently by the purchaser who
must transport them to another location for installation and use.
Accordingly, it is the primary aim of the present invention to provide a
simple, economical and convenient package for button cells which is
effective for storing and transporting such cells from point of
manufacture, through normal sales distribution channels, to point of end
use.
It is also an object to provide a package of the above type which also
doubles as an effective and appealing merchandising display container,
especially at the retail sales level, and which further serves as a
readily identifiable product locator even after placed in the hands of the
end user.
A more detaled object of the invention is to provide such a package
including barrier properties for sealing vented button cells to prevent
loss of capacity and performance during storage and thereby insure
adequate shelf-life for the cells, not only during normal distribution and
marketing; but, also, thereafter in the hands of the customer.
A further and more specific object is to provide a storage and
merchandising package for button cells as described above which is
inexpensively made of a laminate of materials including exposed areas of
adhesive which materials together are effective to retain the cells in the
package against accidental shorting or dislodgment and to provide the
requisite barrier properties for vented button cells and yet from which
the cells can be conveniently removed with the adhesive stripped free to
prevent subsequent contamination of electrical contact surfaces or
blockage of the cell vents.
Another object is to form such a button cell package with blotter-like
constituents to absorb electrolyte which may leak from the cells or to
impregnate the package material with an electrolyte neutralizing agent to
prevent electrolyte leakage from the damaging adjacent packages.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon
reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the
drawings, in which:
FIGS. 1 and 2 are perspective views of a storage and merchandising package
for button cells, respectively, in open and closed positions; and,
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-section view seen substantially in
the plane of line 3--3 in FIG. 1.
While the invention will be disclosed in connection with certain preferred
embodiments, it will be understood that I do not intend to limit the
invention to those embodiments. On the contrary, I intend to cover all
alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the
spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Turning now to the drawings, there is illustrated a preferred form of a
storage and merchandising package 10 for button cells 11 which embodies
the present invention. Broadly speaking, the package 10 includes a
substantially flat first layer of material 12 having a plurality of
apertures 13 therein which are dimensioned to receive respective ones of
the button cells 11. In the present instance the button cells 11 are of
the conventional squat cylindrical configuration and the apertures 13 are
circular. It will be appreciated, however, that if other shapes of cells
were to be packaged, the apertures would be shaped and dimensioned
accordingly.
For releasably retaining the button cells 11 in the apertures 13, a second
layer of backing material 14 is laminated to the first layer 12 with
pressure sensitive adhesive 15 on the backing material 14 exposed in the
areas underlying the apertures 13 (see FIG. 1). It will be understood, of
course, that during packaging, the button cells 11 are physically inserted
in the apertures 13 and firmly pressed against the exposed pressure
sensitive adhesive areas 15 on the backing material 14. When it is desired
to remove a cell 11 from the package 10, they are simply peeled away from
the adhesive 15 and lifted out of the apertures 13 as for example by
grasping the package 10 in one hand and the cell 11 in the fingers of the
other hand.
In the preferred embodiment, the backing material 14 is a thin plastic film
of a polyester type such as "Mylar" sold by E. I. duPont de Nemours. It
has been found that such a Mylar film having a thickness on the order of 2
mils in satisfactory for the backing material 14 and also possesses
desirable barrier qualities as will be discussed hereafter. The adhesive
15 is preferably a silicon base type such as either No. 8402 or No. 8403
sold by The Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. (3M Co.) but it may
also be either a rubber or acrylic base type as, for example, No. 854
(rubber base adhesive) or No. 850 (acrylic base adhesive) also sold by The
3M Co. Since the backing layer 14 is relatively thin, it is normally quite
flexible.
To prevent excessive flexing of the backing material 14, particularly in
the apertures 13 or window areas, the first layer 12 is preferably made of
relatively rigid material, such as card stock, to thereby stiffen the
backing material 14. This substantially precludes warpage of the backing
material 14 which tends to separate the exposed adhesive areas 15 from the
button cells 11. Moreover, the first layer 12 and/or the backing material
14 may be formed of a blotter-like material to absorb electrolyte which
may leak from the cells 11. Alternatively, the materials of the package 10
may be impregnated with an electrolyte neutralizing agent, such as boric
acid, to neutralize electrolyte leakage and thus prevent damage to
adjacent packages, display shelves or storage containers.
In order to prevent accidental electrical shorting or physical dislodgment
of the cells 11 from the apertures 13, the package 10 is provided with a
protective cover 16. If desired, the cover 16 may be formed of absorbent
material and/or impregnated with an electrolyte neutralizing agent as
discussed above. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cover 16 has a front panel
17 folded back from one end of the first layer 12 in overlying relation
and a back panel 18 underlying the second layer 14. To releasably anchor
the free edge of the front panel 17, a portion 19 of the back panel 18 is
reversely folded over a shorter reversely folded over portion 20 of the
first layer 12 to form a slot-like recess 21 for reception of the free
edge of the front panel. These reversely folded portions 19 and 20 may be
secured together by suitable fasteners such as wire staples 22 or the
like. In the preferred embodiment the cover 16 carries identifying indicia
23 thereon such as a company name, logo, instructions, or product
designation. Such indicia, of course, is helpful in effectively
merchandising the button cells 11 and also serves as a handy product
locator after the package 10 has been placed in the hands of the end user.
Pursuant to a further aspect of the present invention, the package 10 is
also provided with preferential barrier properties to substantially
completely seal the cell and to enhance the shelf-like of button cells 11
such as those of the Zinc-Air cell type which require air vents 25 (see
FIG. 3) for proper operation but which must be substantially completely
sealed during storage. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art,
Zinc-Air cells during storage can lose capacity and performance when
exposed to air due to the occurrence of several different reactions. Thus
oxygen in the air entering the cell through the vent holes 25 can react
with the zinc and convert it to inactive zinc oxide. Also, carbon dioxide
entering the cell 11 will react with the alkaline electrolyte to form
carbonates and bicarbonates thereby causing a reduction in cell
performance.
Water transfer into or out of the cell can also produce cell deterioration.
Zinc-Air cells normally use an electrolyte where the water vapor pressure
is equivalent to about 50% relative humidity. If the atmospheric relative
humidity is higher than over the electrolyte, water will be transferred
through the vent 25 and if this continues, the cell 11 will eventually
fill with water with resultant loss of performance. Conversely, if the
external relative humidity is lower, water will transfer out and the cell
will dry out. This will not only cause an initial loss of performance due
to insufficient electrolyte, but also, will result in direct oxidation of
the zinc at a high rate due to the lack of electrolyte diffusion barrier
to limit this reaction.
Even in cells 11 in which inhibitors have been applied to the zinc
electrode, there is some reaction of the zinc with the water in the
electrolyte to form hydrogen and zinc oxides and hydroxides. Thus small
amounts of hydrogen are normally generated within the cell. In time,
however, since this reaction breaks down the water in the electrolyte, the
cell dries out direct oxidation of the zinc proceeds at increasing rates.
As previously mentioned herein, the preferred backing material 14 is a
Mylar polyester film having a thickness on the order of 2 mils. This
material has desirable preferential barrier properties in that it permits
the transmission of hydrogen at low rates and is substantially impervious
to oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture, in that the transfer of these
components is reduced to acceptably low rates. Referring again to the
drawing, it will be seen that the cells 11 are pushed into the apertures
13 and against the adhesive 15 on the backing material 14 such that the
vents 25 are covered. Since this backing material 14 permits the egress of
hydrogen at low rates, pressure does not build up in the cell 11 to a
level which would separate it from the adhesive. Moreover, the barrier
properties of the backing material 14--being substantially impervious to
oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture prevents their ingress into the
cell--substantially extends the shelf-life of the cells 11 stored in the
package 10.
It should also be appreciated that the adhesive itself can serve as the
barrier member. In that case the backing material 14 can be made of a gas
permeable material such as another layer of paper board or card stock
material similar to the first layer 12. Alternatively, if an essentially
impervious backing material 14 (such as metal foil) is used, a layer of
adhesive 15 can be employed which will permit the hydrogen generated in
the cell 11 to escape from the vents 25 and then pass laterally through
the adhesive between the cell 11 and the foil backing material.
Regardless of which of the foregoing laminations is employed, it is
important that the adhesive strip cleanly and completely from the cells 11
when they are removed from the apertures 13. This not only insures that
the terminal of the cell has good electrical contact characteristics, but
also, obviates the problem of accidental blockage of the vent holes 25
with adhesive material.
From the foregoing it will be appreciated that the package 10 is a simple
and convenient storage and merchandising device for button cells 11. While
in its preferred form the package 10 also incorporates barrier properties
for the storage of Zinc-Air cells, it will be appreciated that the package
10 is also a handy and appealing storage and display container for other
button cells such as those of the Nickel-Cadmium and Zinc-Mercuric Oxide
and Zinc-Silver Oxide types. The cover 16 not only protects the cells 11
from accidental electrical storage but also from physical dislodgment from
the package 10. Additionally, the materials of the package 10 including
the first layer 12, the backing material 14 and/or the cover may be formed
of absorbent material or impregnated with an electrolyte neutralizing
agent to prevent electrolyte leakage from the cells from damaging other
packages, display or storage devices.
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