The disclosed reinforced laminate or composite board comprises external first and second continuous spaced sheets of fiber-reinforced synthetic resin, with the reinforcing fibers in each sheet oriented so as to provide reinforcement in two directions of stress. A supporting core is sandwiched between the first and second sheets. This supporting core is formed by a plurality of rib elements extending in directions different from the directions in which the reinforcing fibers of the first and second sheets are oriented. The rib elements are composed of superimposed roving bundles which are impregnated with synthetic resin. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing fibers of the external sheets are arranged in two superimposed fiber layers, the fibers of one of the layers extending perpendicularly to the fibers of the other layer, thereby to provide reinforcement in two main directions of stress. The rib elements in this embodiment extend diagonally to the fibers of the external sheets.
A method for producing vehicle structures such as railway coach bodies includes winding layers and integral annular frame elements of like material. The resulting body is free of metal can include additional longitudinal stiffening elements inserted between the annular frame elements. Windows covered by protective foils are installed in an insulating layer between the wound layers during the winding process. At the conclusion of the winding process, the portions of the inner and outer wound layers covering the windows are removed and the window openings are finished by inserting a reinforcing frame on the outer wound layer and an angle frame on the inner wound layer.
A fishing rod comprising a plurality of fiber reinforced synthetic resin laminations and a specific space retaining layer provided intermediate the outermost layer and the innermost layer thereof. Due to the provision of this space retaining layer, a distortion due to a bending moment is effectively reduced and the fishing rod can enjoy light weight and high stiffness.
A method of insulating a heated surface comprising enveloping the surface by a first layer of a heat insulating material having a high thermal resistivity such as Mineral Wool, and enveloping the first layer by a second layer of a material having a lower thermal resistivity, such as Polyurethane.
An innovative new structure, called ChamberCore, is disclosed that is damage tolerant, easy to manufacture, and has an inherent design feature that can be exploited to drastically reduce acoustic transmission through the structure. The structure is composed of previously cured tubes that are sectioned to form chambers and co-cured with facesheets to form a sandwich-type structure. Damage tolerance is derived from the fact that the structure has no weak facesheet-core interface as found in traditional sandwich-type structures. Additionally, each chamber has a hole to it through the inner facesheet effectively converting it into a Helmholtz resonator. These resonators can be tuned to attenuate broadband or specific acoustic transmission through the structure.
