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This invention is directed to a single phase alternating current motor dual
speed control circuit and, more specifically, to a single phase
alternating current motor dual speed control circuit which permits the
switching from high speed operation to low speed operation with a minimum
of mechanical shock to the motor.
There are many applications which require at least dual speed operation of
a single phase alternating current induction motor. In the prior art, the
dual speed operation was provided by a complex switching arrangement which
converted the stator windings from a first selected number of electrical
poles to a second selected number of electrical poles which produced a
different motor speed as is well known in the art. Therefore, the dual
speed electric motors of the prior art were provided with high speed main
and starting windings and low speed main and starting windings and were
difficult if not impossible to switch from the high running speed to the
low running speed before the motor had come to a standstill. Therefore, a
single phase alternating current motor dual speed control circuit which
requires a motor having only high speed main and starting windings and a
low speed main winding which may be switched from high speed to low speed
with a minimum of mechanical disturbance to the motor is desirable.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide an improved single
phase alternating current dual speed control circuit.
It is another object of this invention to provide an improved single phase
alternating current motor dual speed control circuit which provides for
the smooth switching from high to low speed.
It is an additional object of this invention to provide a single phase
alternating current motor dual speed control circuit which provides for
the energization of the low speed main winding after switching from high
speed to low speed operation only after the motor has coasted down to a
predetermined speed.
In accordance with this invention, a single phase alternating current motor
dual speed control circuit for use with a single phase alternating current
motor having high speed main and starting windings and a low speed main
winding is provided wherein the current relay included in the high speed
main winding energizing circuit is responsive to current flow therethrough
to complete an energizing circuit for the high speed starting winding and
the energizing circuit for the low speed main winding includes a
bidirectional current translating device of the type capable of conducting
electrical current in both directions in response to electrical control
signals and a control responsive switching device sensitive to current
flow therethrough for completing the high speed main winding energizing
circuit.
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with
additional objects, advantages and features thereof, reference is made to
the following description and accompanying single FIGURE drawing which
sets forth the single phase alternating current motor dual speed control
circuit of this invention in schematic form.
Referring to the drawing, a single phase alternating current motor 10
includes a split high speed main or running winding 11 having a first
section 11a and a second section 11b, a high speed starting or phase
winding 12 and a low speed main or running winding 13. If desirable, a
starting capacitor 14 may be inserted in series with the high speed phase
or starting winding 12 as is well known in the art. It may be pointed out
that motor 10 does not include a low speed starting or phase winding.
Motor 10 may be supplied by a source of single phase alternating current
power 15 through a main switch 20. Main switch 20 may be any one of the
several double pole-double throw switches well known in the art having two
gang operated movable contacts 21 and 22, two stationary contacts 23 and
24 corresponding to movable contact 21 and two stationary contacts 25 and
26 corresponding to movable contact 22. Movable contacts 21 and 22 of main
switch 20 are operable to the "off" position, in which position they are
indicated in the drawing, to a "brake" position in which movable contacts
21 and 22 are in electrical circuit engagement with respective stationary
contacts 24 and 26 and to a "run" position in which movable contacts 21
and 22 are in electrical circuit engagement with respective stationary
contacts 23 and 25. The double pole-double throw main switch 20 provides
for the inclusion of a dynamic braking circuit comprised of oppositely
poled diodes 27 and 28 connected between stationary contact 24 of main
switch 20 and main supply line 18. The special split high speed main
winding 11 and diodes 27 and 28 are required for the dynamic braking
feature. As this feature is disclosed and described in U.S. Pat. No.
3,340,449, assigned to the same assignee as is this invention, it will not
be described in detail in this specification. In the event the dynamic
braking feature is not required, main switch 20 may be of the single
throw-double pole type and high speed main winding 11 need not be of the
split winding type.
Single pole-double throw selector switch 30 provides for the selection of
high speed or low speed operation. Selector switch 30 may be any of the
commercially available single pole-double throw electrical switches well
known in the art having a movable contact 31 and two stationary contacts
32 and 33.
For high speed operation, movable contact 31 of selector switch 30 is
operated into the "high speed" position in which it is in electrical
contact with stationary contact 33 and movable contacts 21 and 22 of
master switch 20 are operated into the "run" position in which they are in
electrical contact with respective stationary contacts 23 and 25. Upon the
operation of the master switch 20 to the "run" position, a selectively
energizable energizing circuit for high speed main winding 11 is
completed. This energizing circuit may be traced from alternating current
power source 15, through lead 16, movable-stationary contact pair 21-23 of
master switch 20, lead 35, the movable-stationary contact pair 31-33 of
selector switch 30, lead 36, operating coil 41 of a current responsive
switching device which may be current relay 40 having an operating coil 41
and a normally open movable-stationary contact pair 42-43, lead 37 to
junction 38 at which the circuit divides through a first branch including
section 11a of high speed winding 11, lead 39, movable-stationary contact
pair 22-25 of master switch 20 and lead 44 to the other side of
alternating current power source 15 and a second parallel branch including
section 11b of split high speed main winding 11 and leads 45 and 18 to the
other side of alternating current power source 15. Upon the completion of
this circuit, the flow of locked rotor current through high speed main
winding 11 energizes operating coil 41 of current relay 40 sufficiently to
operate movable-stationary contact pair 42-43 to the electrical circuit
closed condition. Upon the operation of movable-stationary contact pair
42-43 of current relay 40 to the electrical circuit closed condition, an
energizing circuit is completed for high speed starting winding 12 which
may be traced from alternating current power source 15, through lead 16,
movable-stationary contact pair 21-23 of master switch 20, lead 35,
movable-stationary contact pair 31-33 of selector switch 30, lead 46, the
now closed movable-stationary contact pair 42-43 of current relay 40, lead
47, starting capacitor 14, high speed starting winding 12 and leads 45 and
18 to the other side of alternating current power source 15. Upon the
closure of the energizing circuit for high speed starting winding 12 by
movable-stationary contact pair 42-43 of current relay 40, motor 10 starts
and accelerates toward synchronous speed as determined by the number of
electrical poles produced by high speed main winding 11 as is well known
in the art. As the speed of motor 10 increases, the current flow through
the previously described energizing circuits decrease in magnitude to a
point at which operating coil 41 of current relay 40 is no longer
energized sufficiently to maintain movable-stationary contact pair 42-43
thereof in the electrical circuit closed condition. At this point,
movable-stationary contact pair 42-43 of current relay 40 operate to the
electrical circuit open condition to interrupt the high speed starting
winding 12 energizing circuit and motor 10 continues to run by the
energized high speed main or running winding 11 near the synchronous speed
as determined by the number of electrical poles produced by high speed
main winding 11.
For low speed operation, movable contact 31 of selector switch 30 is
operated to the "low speed" position in which it is in electrical contact
with stationary contact 32 and movable contacts 21 and 22 of master switch
20 are operated to the "run" position in which they are in electrical
contact with respective stationary contacts 23 and 25. Upon the operation
of master switch 20 to the "run" position, a selectively energizable
energizing circuit for low speed main or running winding 13 is completed
and may be traced from alternating current power source 15, through lead
16, through movable-stationary contact pair 21-23 of master switch 20,
lead 35, movable-stationary contact pair 31-32 of selector switch 30, lead
48, operating coil 51 of current relay 50 having a movable contact 52 and
a stationary contact 53, leads 55 and 56, a bidirectional current
translating device 60, lead 57, low speed main or running winding 13 and
leads 45 and 18 to the other side of alternating current power source 15.
The bidirectional current translating device 60 may be of the type marketed
by General Electric and known in the art as a "triac." Devices of this
type conduct current during both half cycles of the applied voltage in
response to a control signal applied to the gate electrode 61 thereof in a
manner well known in the electronics art.
To produce the electrical control signals required for the proper operation
of bidirectional current translating device 60, the series combination of
a Zener diode 65, a current limiting resistor 66 and a rectifying diode 67
is connected across leads 55 and 18 and a capacitor 68 is connected across
lead 55 and junction 70 between resistor 66 and diode 67. With the
energizing circuit for low speed main or running winding 13 completed, the
potential of alternating current power source 15 is applied across the
series combination of Zener diode 65, series resistor 66 and diode 67 and
across the series combination of capacitor 68 and diode 67. During those
half cycles of the alternating current supply potential while lead 16 is
of a positive polarity with respect to lead 18, a potential drop appears
across Zener diode 65 which is of a positive polarity upon junction 71
with respect to junction 72 and capacitor 68 charges in such a manner that
the potential upon the plate thereof connected to junction 71 is of a
positive polarity with respect to junction 70. During those half cycles of
the alternating current supply potential while lead 18 is of a positive
polarity with respect to lead 16, rectifying diode 67 prevents the flow of
current through the series combination of Zener diode 65, resistor 66 and
diode 67, however, capacitor 68 discharges through Zener diode 65 to
maintain the potential upon junction 71 of a positive polarity with
respect to junction 72. Therefore, with both these conditions, an
electrical control signal is applied to gate 61 of bidirectional current
translating device 60. That is, while supply lead 16 is of a positive
polarity with respect to supply lead 18, current flows from lead 55,
through lead 56 into bidirectional current translating device 60, through
gate electrode 61, diode 75, current limiting resistor 76, resistor 66,
diode 67 and lead 18 to the other side of alternating current power source
15. While supply lead 18 is of a positive polarity with respect to supply
lead 16, current flows from the plate of capacitor 68 connected to
junction 71, through leads 55 and 56 into bidirectional current
translating device 60, through gate electrode 61, diode 75, and resistors
76 and 66 to the opposite plate of capacitor 68. With bidirectional
current translating device 60 conducting in both directions, the
energizing circuit for low speed main or running winding 13 is completed.
Upon the completion of this circuit, the flow of locked rotor current
through low speed main winding 13 energizes operating coil 51 of current
relay 50 sufficiently to operate movable-stationary contact pair 52-53 to
the electrical circuit closed condition. Upon the operation of
movable-stationary contact pair 52-53 to the electrical circuit closed
condition, an alternate energizing circuit for high speed main or running
winding 11 is completed and may be traced from alternating current power
source 15, through lead 16, movable-stationary contact pair 21-23 of main
switch 20, lead 35, movable-stationary contact pair 31-32 of selector
switch 30, lead 78, the now closed movable-stationary contact pair 52-53
of current relay 50, leads 79 and 36, operating coil 41 of current relay
40, to the junction 38 between portions 11a and 11b of high speed main or
running winding 11 and thence to the opposite side of alternating current
power source 15 through circuitry previously described in detail. The flow
of locked rotor current through high speed main or running winding 11
energizes operating coil 41 of current relay 40 sufficiently to operate
movable-stationary contact pair 42-43 to the electrical circuit closed
condition to complete the previously described energizing circuit for high
speed starting or phase winding 12. Consequently, motor 10 starts and
accelerates toward synchronous speed. As motor 10 accelerates, the current
flow through low speed main or running winding 13 decreases in magnitude
to a point at which operating coil 51 of current relay 50 is no longer
energized sufficiently to maintain movable-stationary contact pair 52-53
in the electrical circuit closed condition. At this point, movable contact
52 is released out of electrical circuit engagement with stationary
contact 53 to interrupt both the high speed main and starting winding
energizing circuits and motor 10, therefore, operates near the synchronous
speed as determined by the number of electrical poles generated by low
speed main or running winding 13.
From this description, it is apparent that the single phase alternating
current motor dual speed control circuit of this invention permits the
starting and operation of motor 10 at the synchronous speed as determined
by either high speed main or running winding 11 or low speed main or
running winding 13 and that the high speed main and starting windings 11
and 12 are employed to start motor 10 for low speed operation. The
circuitry also provides for the changing of the speed of motor 10 from the
high speed operation to the low speed operation without intolerable
mechanical stress upon motor 10 in a manner to be now explained.
Should motor 10 be operating in the high speed mode and selector switch 30
be suddenly switched from the "high speed" position to the "low speed"
position, the high braking torque developed by the low speed main winding
13 when energized in the super synchronous state results in a sudden and
intolerable braking stress upon the motor 10 mechanical system. To
eliminate this problem, a speed feedback circuit is employed which
prevents the energization of the low speed main or running winding 13 at
speeds greater than a predetermined value such as the synchronous speed
corresponding to the number of electrical poles generated by low speed
main or running winding 13. This speed feedback circuit includes NPN
transistor 80, current limiting resistor 84, diode 85, tachometer
generator 86 and a filtering network comprised of resistor 87 and
capacitor 88. Tachometer generator 86 may be of the type rotated by motor
10 and produces an output potential of a magnitude directly proportional
to the speed of motor 10. In a practical application of the circuit of
this invention, a tachometer generator of the toothed wheel-permanent
magnet type was employed. The circuit parameters of the speed feedback
circuit are so selected that with motor speeds greater than a
predetermined value, base drive current is supplied to NPN transistor 80
by tachometer generator 86 to render this device conductive through the
collector-emitter electrodes thereof. Upon the conduction of NPN
transistor 80 through the collector-emitter electrodes, the control signal
produced across Zener diode 65, in a manner previously explained, is
removed from across junctions 71 and 72. That is, with motor speeds
greater than a predetermined value, the speed feedback circuit inhibits
the production of the control signals for bidirectional current
translating device 60. In the absence of these control signals,
bidirectional current translating device 60 blocks the flow of current in
both directions to interrupt the energizing circuit for low speed main or
running winding 13 while the speed of motor 10 is greater than the
predetermined value. As the switching of selector switch 30 from the "high
speed" position to the "low speed" position, opens the energizing circuit
for high speed main or running winding 11, motor 10 begins to coast down
until the output potential of tachometer generator 86 is no longer great
enough to break down the base-emitter junction of NPN transistor 80, at
which time transistor 80 extinguishes. When transistor 80 extinguishes,
the control signals are again produced across Zener diode 65 to render
bidirectional current translating device 60 conductive in both directions
to complete the energizing circuit previously described for low speed main
or running winding 13, a condition which permits motor 10 to continue
operation in the low speed mode.
While a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shown and
described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various
modifications and substitutions may be made without departing from the
spirit of the invention which is to be limited only within the scope of
the appended claims.
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