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Description  |
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a blood filtering instrument for filtering the
blood to remove denatured blood components or other harmful components to
a human body, and more particularly to a bag-type filtering instrument in
which a filter comprising a plurality of sheet-like filtering members is
incorporated.
Brief Description of the Prior Art
Generally, there is an increasing tendency that the reserve blood of a
blood bank is used as transfusion blood. It is known, however, that where
the blood is kept in an appropriate reserve condition after or, denatured
blood components such as lumps of viscous platelets, agglutinations of
wire corpuscles start to be created in about several hours after blood
collection. In the case where an external circulation of blood is
performed during a surgical operation, an artificial dialysis, or the
like, such denatured blood components are not only formed but also there
is a possibility that alien substances such as pieces of epithelium, small
pieces of muscle, lipid or air may enter into the body of a blood
recipient. When such denatured blood components and alien substances are
introduced into the body of a blood recipient, an adverse action such as
incompletion of blood circulation, or a disease is caused, or induced. For
this reason, a blood transfusion device has incorporated therein a blood
filtering instrument for removing the denatured components of the blood or
the alien substances in the blood.
As such blood filtering instrument there is known the one which is
constructed such that, for example, a polyester fibre is packed with high
density in a hard plastic-made housing. This kind of blood filtering
instrument, however, indeed provides a high filtering efficiency but has
the drawback that it is difficult to manufacture uniform products as a
result of requiring packing such fibre with as considerably high a density
as 0.1 to 0.4 g/cm.sup.3 ; and channeling (that is, the phenomenon that
the blood selectively passes through the fibre portions of lower density)
takes place. In order to prevent the occurrence of such channeling, the
fibre has to be charged in the housing with an appreciable great
thickness, so that in the case of, for example, mass transfusion pores in
the filter are likely to be closed. In order to avoid this pore-closing
the filtering area has to be enlarged with the result that upon blood
filtering the priming volume and residual volume of blood are increased;
and in quick transfusion the filtering resistance is greatly increased.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,765,537 (Rosenberg) discloses a blood filtering instrument
wherein a filter element consisting of a first filter sheet comprising
open netting of plastic filament having a pore size of about 800 to about
4000 microns and a second filter sheet comprising open mesh fabric of a
plastic monofilament having a pore size of about 20 to about 50 microns is
incorporated in a housing or bag in a corrugated form. This blood
filtering instrument has a wide filtering area and therefore raises no
problem as far as the mass transfusion and quick transfusion are
concerned, but is not very excellent in respect of the filtering
efficiency.
As above described, in the prior art filtering instrument, filtering
efficiency and the filtering resistance run counter to each other and the
user is compelled to select either of both properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to provide a blood filtering instrument which
has low filtering resistance and high filtering efficiency.
Another object of the invention is to provide a flexible bag-type blood
filtering instrument which is easy to manufacture and is capable of being
miniaturized.
According to the invention, there is provided a blood filtering bag
comprising a flat bag body formed of flexible, thermally fusible synthetic
resin, blood inlet and outlet provided on said bag body, and a flexible
sheet-like filter dividing the interior of said bag body into two parts
one of which is an inlet side part and the other of which is an outlet
side part, wherein said filter is supported by a support member thermally
fused to a peripheral portion of said filter, the peripheral portion of
said support member being thermally fused to an edge portion of said body.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a blood filtering bag according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II--II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a detailed cross sectional view of a part of the filter used in
the blood filtering bag according to the invention;
FIGS. 4a-4c present a dismembered view of the blood filtering bag of the
invention shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a view for explaining the procedure of manufacturing the blood
filtering bag of the invention shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of another filtering bag according to
the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
This invention is hereinafter described in detail by reference to the
appended drawings. Throughout the drawings the same parts and sections are
denoted by the same reference numerals.
In FIG. 1, a blood filtering bag 1 of the invention is incorporated in a
blood transfusion device. The blood filtering bag 1 has a body 9, which
has a blood inlet 2 and a blood outlet 3 at its both ends. The blood inlet
and outlet 2, 3 are formed in pipes 14, 15 attached to said both ends of
the bag body 9 of the bag 1. To the pipe 14 is connected a flexible tube 4
having at its tip end a bottle needle 6 piercing into the bottom section
of a blood receptacle 5. A clamp 7 is mounted or fitted over the flexible
tube 4 at a halfway portion thereof, and by properly depressing the
flexible tube 4 by means of this clamp 7 the flow quantity of blood
flowing through the flexible tube 4 is controlled. Further, to the pipe 15
provided on the bag 1 is connected a flexible tube 8, which is connected
to a blood transfusion device body (not shown).
The blood filtering bag 1 has a bag body 9, which is formed of soft and
thermally fusible synthetic resin such as polyvinyl chloride. As best
shown in FIG. 2, the interior of the bag body 9 is divided, by a flexible
filter 10 bent into a U-shape into two parts -- inlet side part and outlet
side part. The blood introduced from the inlet 2 has its harmful component
removed while being passed through the filter 10, and the purified blood
is discharged from the outlet 3. The U-shaped filter 10, as later
described, has its side portions sealed to a support member 13 by thermal
fusion and is secured to the bag body 9 through this support member.
As shown in FIG. 3, the filter 10 consists of plural, for example, five
sheet-like filter elements 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d and 11e superposed one upon
another in the order mentioned, that is, in the order in which blood is
passed. The element 11a consists of open mesh netting of a plastic
filament having a pore size of 100 to 250 microns and functions to remove
relatively coarse harmful components. The elements 11b, 11c, 11d and 11e
function to remove relatively fine harmful components and each consist of
nonwoven synthetic fabric having a pore size of 10 to 80 microns. This
fabric is preferably of a "no-binder" type made of endless yarns of a
thermally fusible resin such as nylon, polyester or the like, for example,
those formed of 6-nylon endless yarn having a density of 0.21 g/cm.sup.3,
a pore volume of 1.53 cm.sup.3 /g, a porosity of 46% and an average pore
size of 20 to 30.mu., and having a density of 0.30 g/cm.sup.3, a pore
volume of 1.41 cm.sup.3 /g, a porosity of 30% and an average pore size of
15 to 30.mu. are preferably used as said fabric. These no-binder type
non-woven fabrics are chemically and physically safe and yet produce few
flocks.
As above described, by using the sheet-like filter elements consisting of
nonwoven fabrics, the filtering resistance is made small to permit a rapid
transfusion, and further the filtering area is enlarged to increase the
filtering efficiency and simultaneously to permit a large amount of blood
to be treated at one time. Channeling can also be prevented by properly
superposing a plurality of said elements one upon another. Note that the
above-mentioned filter elements 11b, 11c, 11d and 11e may each consist of
a plastic filament-made open mesh netting or porous fiber sheet having a
pore size of 20 to 80 microns.
As shown in FIG. 4, the bag body 9 is constituted by, for example, a pair
of polyvinyl chloride sheets 12, 12. The blood filter 10 having the
above-mentioned construction is supported by the sheet-like support member
13 having a thermal fusibility to the synthetic resin forming the bag body
9. Material constituting the support member 13 is the same quality of
material as that constituting the sheets 12, 12, that is to say, polyvinyl
chloride. But this material may be a different quality of material from
that of the sheets 12, 12, that is to say, a thermally fusible material.
Selection of such material quality will be obvious to those skilled in the
art. This support member 13 is a frame-like sheet whose central part is
bored, and the filter 10 is situated at the bored part of the support
member 13 and the entire peripheral edge portion 10a of the filter 10 is
thermally fused to the peripheral edge portion of the support member 13.
The support member 13, even after the thermally fused portion 10a is
excluded, still remains to have a portion 10b which is thermally fusible
to the sheets 12, 12. The width d of the support member 13 is the same as
the width of the sheets 12, 12, and the length l.sub.1 thereof is larger
than the length l.sub.2 of the sheets 12, 12 while the half of the length
l.sub.1 (l.sub.1 /2) is smaller than the latter l.sub.2.
In order to manufacture the blood filtering bag according to the invention
having the foregoing construction, as shown in FIG. 5, the pair of sheets
12, 12 constituting the bag body 9 are disposed opposite to each other,
and the filter 10 previously attached to the support member 13 is
longitudinally folded in two and is disposed between the sheets 12, 12.
Further, the pipe 14 constituting the inlet 2 is inserted between both
opposed end portions of the support member 13, while the pipe 15
constituting the outlet 3 is inserted between the lower end edge portions
of the sheets 12, 12, and the pipes 14, 15 are coaxially so arranged as to
oppose each other. When, under this condition, bonding is carried out
while the respective entire peripheral edge positions of the sheets 12, 12
and the support member 13 are being heated in a state wherein said entire
peripheral edge portion of the support member 13 is interposed between
said sheets 12, 12. Accordingly, the filter 10, as shown in FIG. 2, is
disposed baggily within the bag body 9 in a state bent into a U-shape, and
divides the bag body interior into two parts -- the inlet side part and
outlet side part.
The filter 10, as previously mentioned, is formed of nylon, polyester, or
the like, and such material has a higher fusing point than the polyvinyl
chloride of which the support member is formed, so that when such material
is thermally fused to the support member 13, there are likely to be
created the parts where fusion is incomplete, that is to say, what is
called pinholes. Since, however, upon manufacture of the blood filtering
bag 1 of the invention, the step of beforehand attaching the filter 10 to
the support member 13 can be executed as previously mentioned, creation of
such pinholes can be avoided as much as possible. In addition, even if
such pinholes are created, it will cause no damage to a finished filtering
bag, which offers a great economical advantage. Further, detection of said
parts where fusion is incomplete can be performed under the condition
wherein the filter 10 is attached to the support member 13, which offers a
great convenience. Further, where the blood filtering bag 1 is assembled
as a whole, the support member 13 having the filter 10 has only to be
thermally fused to the sheets 12, 12, which simplifies the assembling
operation. Further, the material for constituting the support member 13
can be the same as, or the one having thermal fusibility to, that for
constituting the bag body 9, which does not cause the pinholes to be
created.
There will now be described the filtering operation of the blood filtering
bag 1 having the said construction. The bottle needle 6 of the blood
transfusion device is pierced into the bottom of the blood receptacle 5,
thereby connecting the blood transfusion device to the blood receptacle 5.
Subsequently, the clamp 7 is loosened to cause the blood in the receptable
5 to flow down from the inlet 2 into the blood filtering bag 1 through the
flexible tube 8. In the blood filtering bag 1, the blood having flowed
thereinto from the inlet is collected in the sheet-like filter 10 which is
bent into a U-shape to assume a baggy configuration as shown in FIG. 2.
Thereafter, said blood is passed through the elements 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d
and 11e in the order mentioned, and during this passage the denatured
components or alien substances contained in the blood are caught by said
elements 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d and 11e. The respective elements 11a, 11b,
11c, 11d and 11e have flexibility, and as the blood passes through them,
the filter 10 constituted by them is forcibly expanded by the blood to
cause the filter elements to be separated from each other. As a result,
the effective filtering area of each filter element is increased. The bag
body 9 also has flexibility, and therefore, as the filter elements are
forcibly expanded, the bag body 9 is similarly expanded and therefore does
not interrupt the above-mentioned filtering action. The purified blood
passed through the filter 10 is once gathered at the bottom section of the
bag body 9, and thereafter the blood thus gathered flows from the outlet 3
into a dripping cylinder (not shown) and then into an injection needle
(not shown) of the blood transfusion device, through the flexible tube 8.
As above described, the blood filtering bag of the invention consists of a
combined unit of the flexible sheet-like filter and the flat flexible bag
body and therefore can be made flat and yet miniaturized as a whole.
Further, this bag can be properly expanded in accordance with the quantity
of blood flowing thereinto, so that the whole surfaces of the respective
filter elements effectively participate in the blood filtering without the
production of any dead space in the bag interior. Further, even where, in
performing the intermittent transfusion, the blood separation takes place
within the bag, the separated blood can be readily remixed by manually
crumpling the bag. Further, the filtering area is extremely large as
compared with the respective areas of the inlet and outlet, and therefore
a decrease in the filtering efficiency due to the variation in the flow
speed of the blood little is mitigated.
In the preceding embodiment, the filter 10 is disposed within the bag body
9 in a state bent into a U-shape. But this invention is not limited to
this type of disposition, and for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the support
member may be fused to those respective portions of the inlet 14 and
outlet 15 which are diagonally opposite to each other, in a state wherein
the filter 10 remains flat or linear, thereby dividing the interior of the
bag body into two parts. Further, the filter of the invention may be the
one prepared by modifying the bottom of the U-shaped filter shown in FIG.
1 or 2 into a W-configuration, and further may be the one prepared by two
folding an intermediate portion of the flat filter shown in FIG. 6 into an
S-configuration. In any case, the blood filtering bag of the invention is
rendered flat as a whole, and this flat construction is for the first time
obtained by providing the support member 13.
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