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Description  |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the construction of open end spinning
units and, in particular, to the construction of the vacuum housing
therefor.
An open end spinning machine has become known through German Patent
publication DT-OS No. 2,130,739 in which, as is generally the practice and
which in a practical example is shown in Swiss patent CH-PS No. 474,579,
there are provided, on a frame fixed to the machine, spinning units which
are disposed in side-by-side juxtaposition. Each unit has a housing for
the accommodation of insertable and removable bearing housing for the spin
rotor, and a separating roller. The driving means for the spin rotor
and/or the separating roller are conducted over guide members connected to
the machine frame. Each spinning unit as a whole is movable relative to
the machine frame.
For practical purposes, arrangements of this kind have the advantage that
the self-contained spinning unit is movable and/or pivotal away from the
driving means, for instance, for the purpose of stopping during general
maintenance work, or for cleaning purposes of the respective spinning
unit.
Viewed from the aspect of the fundamental design of such spinning units,
they are equipped exclusively for only one certain rotor shaft bearing
size and bearing type, and do not offer the possibility of meeting in
every instance the many requirements of modern practice, in particular
with respect to the operating speeds of the spin rotor.
For example, open end spinning machines have become known in which the spin
rotors are mounted in supporting or backing roller pairs, along whose
outer peripheral surfaces the spin rotor shaft rolls which, in turn, is
driven directly by a driving means, in most cases involving an endless
drive belt revolving alongside the machine. See, for example, German
patent specification, DT-OS No. 2,123,231.
Mountings of this type of bearing, in practical application, also have a
defined area in which they are used and they cannot meet to the desired
extent the great variety of requirements of open end spinning.
The same naturally applies also to driving modes where the spin rotor is
driven by an electric motor attached to the spin rotor bearing housing
which forms a unit with the electric motor as, for example, disclosed in
German patent DT-OS No. 2,106,898.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an open end spinning
machine in which all advantages of different bearing types can be fully
utilized for the practical operating range without requiring a
modification of the structural elements forming the spinning unit and the
housing enclosing it. This ensures that, depending on the field of
application of respective spinning units, the bearing type best suited for
this particular field can be joined to the spinning unit housing, thereby
also ensuring the best possible economy.
The foregoing objects, other objects as well as numerous advantages will be
seen from the following disclosure of the present invention.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
According to the present invention, an open end spinning machine having a
plurality of units is provided in which each of the units is provided with
a first and second section. The first section is adapted to form the
chamber housing, the spin rotor, as well as other elements if desired. The
second section is adapted to accomodate the bearing for the rotor shaft.
The first and second housing portions are provided with cooperatively
engaging contact surfaces respectively which interlock or engage to secure
the housing against rotation, and axial and radial movement. The two
housing portions may be secured together by screws or bolts or the contact
surfaces may be formed by teeth-like segments or bayonet segments.
The drive means for the rotor shaft may be adjustably positioned by guide
means which are selectively secured to the frame of the machine so as to
be positioned at any point along the axis of the rotor shaft, thereby
being adaptable in use respective of the specific rotor shaft bearing
employed. The drive means may also be an individual electric motor for
each rotor shaft.
It will be seen from the foregoing that notwithstanding the variations and
modifications possible and the exchangeability of the bearing systems, the
two-part housing provides a vacuum box, properly sealed, and ensures the
location of the spin rotor about the correct spin axis, relative to the
fiber feed and withdrawal systems.
As a result, the rotor shaft bearings can be designed in the form of a
roller bearing known per se as well as a fluid bearing or an indirectly
supporting paired backing roll bearing. A common driving means such as a
drive belt can be used to drive the most varied types of mountings. It is
expedient to design the components accommodating the driving means within
the machine frame appropriately wide or adjustable, and to conduit them
over appropriately disposed guiding means, so that whatever rotor shaft
bearing is used, they will be equally applicable.
In addition, within the scope of the invention, the spin rotor can also be
driven by means of an electric motor fixed to the bearing housing without
thereby impairing the drive system of the other elements of the spinning
unit or of other machine parts.
Full details of the present invention are set forth in the following
description and in the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a spinning unit of an open end spinning
machine with a spin rotor journalled in a roller bearing;
FIG. 2 is a view of a spinning unit similar to FIG. 1 in which the spin
rotor is journalled in a gas bearing;
FIG. 3 is a view of an identical spinning unit with a spin rotor journalled
in a pair roller supporting bearing;
FIG. 4 is a modified design of the arrangement of the unit of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a modified connection between the housing
portions.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the figures, there is illustrated generally a spinning machine frame
indicated in dash-dotted lines by the numeral 1, on which a plurality of
housings 2 are managed in side-by-side juxtaposition with predetermined
mutual spacing. Each of the housings have a hinged or pivotal cover 2a.
The housing 2 and cover 2a define individual spinning units or assemblies
which are each movable relative to the machine frame 1.
The sliver band 5 is supplied through an intake funnel 3 mounted in the
housing 2, by a suitable feed means not shown in the drawing. The sliver
passes a separating roller 4 where it is dissolved into individual fibers
which, in turn, are fed through a channel or canal 6 unitarily joined to
the cover 2a, to the inner working chamber of a spin rotor 7 where they
are twisted into a thread. The thread or yarn so formed is withdrawn
through a tubular nipple 8 attached to the canal 6 and arranged along the
axis of rotation of the rotor and is wound on a bobbin by means not shown
in the drawing.
The separating roller 4 is mounted at the end of a shaft rotatably
journalled within a bearing 9 joined to the housing 2 and is driven via a
whorl 10 by an endless drive belt 11. The belt 11 runs over drive and
guide pulleys, not shown, in the head and base parts of the machine and is
guided inside the machine by guide rollers likewise not shown to drive the
separator roller of each spinning unit.
The spin rotor 7 is mounted at the end of a shaft 13, and is also driven by
an endless drive belt 12 which acts upon the free rear end of a shaft 13.
The drive belt 12 is guided by guide rollers 14 which lie generally above
the shafts 13 and which are rotatably mounted in a bracket 15 which are
attached to the machine frame 1 with mutual spacing, over the length of
the machine. The guide rollers 14 are held in brackets 15 which are
adjustable within a given range in the direction of the longitudinal axis
of the shaft 13, in order to provide a proper engagement with the shaft
and to ensure adaptation to the various types of bearings journalling the
shaft 13. That is, the brackets may be movable along the length of the
shaft 13 from a position adjacent the housing 2 (left in the drawing) to a
position at the extreme free end of the shaft 13 (right in the drawing).
The bracket may be mounted by suitable screws, bolts or similar fasteners.
The drive belt 12 also runs over drive and guide pulleys, not shown, in
the head part and base part of the frame. These may also be adjustably
mounted or they can be of a width commensurate with the axial adjustment
range of the frackets 15, if they are mounted so as not to be adjustable.
As seen in FIG. 1, the housing 2 is formed of a first portion accommodating
the spin rotor 7 amongst other elements, while the shaft 13 supporting the
spin rotor 7 is rotatably mounted within radial roller bearing 16 which is
mounted in a bearing mount 17 forming a second housing portion which is
joined to the housing 2 by indicated fasteners 18.
In order to secure the fixed position of the bearing mount 17 and thus of
the spin rotor 7 within the housing 2, the housing 2 is provided with an
interior enlargement or boss, which is cut with shoulders to provide axial
contact surfaces 19 running generally perpendicular to the axis of the
rotor 7. Adjacent to the contact surfaces 19, an annular cylindrical
surface 20 is formed, acting as a radial contact surface. Both the
perpendicular and radial contact surfaces 19 and 20 interact with the
corresponding counter surfaces 17a and 17b formed on the bearing mount 17
in such a manner that a firm position of the spin rotor 7 axially and
radially is ensured.
In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the housing cover 2a is shown
unsectioned, the parts enclosed by the housing cover 2a, however,
remaining unchanged as shown in FIG. 1. However, the shat 13 of the spin
rotor 7 is rotatably journalled in a fluid bearing, such as in a
hydraulic, pneumatic or gas bearing 21, and secured in axial direction in
a mount 22. On its side facing the housing 2, the bearing mount 22 has,
similar to the design shown in FIG. 1, surfaces 22a extending in an axial
direction, and surfaces 22b extending in a radial direction, which
interact with corresponding housing surfaces 19 and 20 so that the
position of the spin rotor 7 is secured the same as though a roller
bearing 16 were used as shown in FIG. 1, for instance. Furthermore, the
bearing mount 22 is provided with a nipple 23 for the attachment of a
supply line 24, indicated in dash-dotted lines, for the bearing medium
such as gas or fluid.
The position of the guide roller 14 for the drive belt 12 remains unchanged
from the arrangement shown in FIG. 1. Naturally, since the brackets 15 are
adjustable and/or removable within the machine frame 1, adaptation to
another type of bearing can also be made, as is evident from FIG. 3 of the
drawing.
In FIG. 3, the spin rotor 7 is also attached to a shaft 13 which, however,
has its free end projecting into the interior of the housing 2. The shaft
13 rests on and has its surface in contact with two pairs of supporting or
backing rollers 25 and 26 spaced a predetermined distance apart from each
other. The shaft 13 is driven by the drive belt 12 located midway of its
length of act upon the top side of the shaft 13, between each pair of
supporting backing rollers 25, 26. The backing rollers 25 and 26 are
secured respectively at the ends of shafts each journalled in a bearing 27
held in a block 28 integrally formed in a U-shaped bearing housing 29. The
side of the bearing housing 29 facing the housing 2 comprises a mount
assembly which is provided with counter surfaces 29a to fix the bearing
housing in an axial direction and with counter surfaces 29b to fix the
bearing housing in a radial direction, with the corresponding contact
surfaces 19 and 20 so that the result is a position of the spin rotor 7
within the housing 2 which is in agreement with the desired operating
position, in the manner discussed earlier.
In addition to the block 28, the bearing housing 29 has a support 30 for
the accommodation of a thrust bearing 31 which secures the free end of the
shaft 13 of the spin rotor in the axial direction.
Due to the fact that the position of the bracket 15 is adjustable within
the machine frame 1, it is possible to axially adjust the guide roller 14
with the drive belt 12, whose running level is essentially constant, to
that part of the shaft 13 of the spin rotor 7 which is located between the
pairs of supporting rollers 25, 26.
In FIG. 4, a mounting which essentially corresponds to the arrangement of
FIG. 3, is shown. The bearing housing 29 is provided with contact surfaces
29c and 29d which rest against the associated contact surfaces 19 and 20
of the housing 2. These contact surfaces 29c and 29d are formed by parts
of a plate which has on its side facing the bearing housing 29 an elastic
member such as rubber, synthetic rubber or plastic, in the form of a ring
33 connected either directly or through another plate to the bearing
housing 29 to form a unitary subassembly.
The elastic ring 33 has holes for the heads of the fasteners 18, and the
plate resting against the housing 2 has through holes for the screw shanks
which are anchored in the housing 2. The position and arrangement of the
other components are essentially those shown in FIG. 3.
In every instance, the proper operating position of the spin rotor 7 within
the housing 2 is determined by the contact surfaces of housing 2, it being
also possible to modify these bearing surfaces, such as shown in FIG. 5.
of the drawing, for instance.
In FIG. 5, the bearing 32 for the shaft of the spin rotor 7 is provided
with a radially enlarged cup shaped flange head having an axial skirt 32b
and a radial lip 32a. A radial contact surface 19 in the form of a
shoulder, and an annular radial surface 20, are again formed on the
housing boss to provide corresponding contact surfaces. The angular ring
parts or segments of the bearing 32 engage and fit within the recesses
formed by surfaces 19 and 20 in the housing 2; the face 32a making contact
with the shoulder 19 and the outer surface 32b of the housing bearing 32
with the cylindrical surface 20. The part of the bearing housing 32 which
faces the housing 2 may be formed either as a continuous ring or annulus
and secured to the housing 2 by suitable screws or bolts. On the other
hand, the portions 32a and 32b can be divided into individual spaced
segments meshing with correspondingly constructed portions or segments
defining surfaces 19, 20 in the housing 2. The segments will form teeth or
ratchet-like sections which will secure the bearing 32 against rotation
and secure its position in circumferential direction. As in the
embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 3, the bearing housing 32 can be also fastened
by means of screws.
Naturally, other fastening modes are also possible within the scope of the
invention, such as quick connectors, bayonet connectors or clamp means
which may act like clamp connectors, connecting the bearing housing to the
housing 2 with the required rigidity.
It will also be seen from FIG. 3 or 4 that each of the rotors may be
provided with an individual electric drive motor. The motor may be mounted
on the vertical axis 30 in conventional manner either in contact with
drive shaft, or with the drive shaft as part of the motor shaft itself.
Various changes, modifications, as well as embodiments, have been suggested
herein, others will be obvious to those skilled in this art. Accordingly,
it is intended that the present disclosure be taken as illustrative only
and not as limiting of its scope.
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