An electric motor having in each of the rotor and the stator a permanent magnet and an electromagnet of equal strength placed in parallel relation such that when the electromagnet coil is activated the flux of the magnets is additive and when the coil is deactivated the flux of the permanent magnet takes a closed circuit path through the electromagnet core, the rotor being mounted on a shaft for rotation relative to the stator and a commutator switch being included for alternately connecting and disconnecting the electromagnet coils to and from a power source, wherein capacitors are provided in the coil circuit. The capacitor and coil circuit is designed to have a resonant frequency roughly equal to or near the switching frequency of the commutator switch at the intended shaft operating speed, thereby causing the capacitors to alternately store energy from and discharge energy to the coils. The combination of permanent magnets with electro-magnets and the addition of capacitors in the coil circuit to form a resonant circuit results in increased efficiency of the motor.
A dual voltage direct current permanent magnet brushless motor operated by sequential and alternate pulses to two rows of stator coils radially and equally positioned in the stato assembly to interact with two rows of permanent magnets equally spaced on the rotor. All the permanent magnets in one row are poled opposite to all the permanent magnets in the other row and total one less than the number of stator coils in each row. The reversal of poles of one row of permanent magnets on the rotor, along with the equal and opposite voltage permits the back electromotive force from a de-energizing stator coil in the first row to feed energy to the next stator coil positioned on the opposite site of the rotor (and vice versa) which interact with the reverse poled permanent magnet to produce only useful torque. Additional energy will be drawn from the battery as required to maintain the speed and torque requirement of the motor. The pulse to each stator is controlled by individual photocell detectors or Hall effect devices. The arrangement and control of the stator coils also permits power generation in the braking mode. The dual equal and opposite drive voltage permits the use of identical solid state switching devices in each side of the circuitry as well as utilization of the lowest possible peak inverse voltage rated devices as a result of the connection used between the stator coils.
An electric motor-generator has a rotor (1), a stator including soft ferromagnetic cores (3, 5) and coils (4, 6), permanent magnets (2) having pole axes in a plane radial to an axis of rotation of the rotor, means for mounting the magnets, the cores and coils to the rotor and stator, and means for energizing the coils. The rotor is caused to rotate by attraction of the magnets to the cores (5) as the magnets and cores approach one another, an opposite attraction force between the magnets and the cores being neutralizeable by energizing the coils (6) as the magnets and cores move apart. The cores are C-shaped and a magnetic circuit is formed when the magnets and cores are in proximate alignment.
A motor which has an improved energy efficiency, is excellent in practical use and has a generator function at the same time. The motor is provided with a basic factor 15 having working surfaces 55a and 55c on both sides thereof, respectively, and movable members 57 made of a magnetic material and arranged opposite to the working surfaces, respectively. Further, the basic factor 15 is provided with an electromagnet element 17 and permanent magnets 19 arranged on both sides thereof through contact surfaces, respectively, and the working surfaces and the contact surfaces are held opposite to each other through the permanent magnets 19, respectively.
A motor which has an improved energy efficiency, is excellent in practical use and has a generator function at the same time. The motor is provided with a basic factor 15 having working surfaces 55a and 55c on both sides thereof, respectively, and movable members 57 made of a magnetic material and arranged opposite to the working surfaces, respectively. Further, the basic factor 15 is provided with an electromagnet element 17 and permanent magnets 19 arranged on both sides thereof through contact surfaces, respectively, and the working surfaces and the contact surfaces are held opposite to each other through the permanent magnets 19, respectively.
Practically ideal electrical resonance is employed to soley provide armature power, and stator power if desired, to run DC motors. A practically ideal parallel resonant tank circuit (PIPRC) is used wherein the quotient of the "tank current" divided by the "line current" (called the "quality" or "Q" of the tank) is (1) greater than one, (2) large enough to allow the percent efficiency of the electric motor to be equal to or greater than 95%, and (3) removes enough back emf or enough of the influence thereof so that criteria (1) and (2) can be realized throughout the entire operating range of the motor. Only one PIPRC is needed for a DC motor. Recontrolling and/or redesigning is done for two reasons. First, since DC motors change effective impedance, because of back emf variations, when their speed changes, controls are implemented to ensure that the tank circuit always meets criterion (3), and therefore criteria (1) and (2), thereby maintaining a PIPRC, regardless of how frequent or to what degree speed is changed. Secondly, this first control has the effect of negating the normal ability of a D.C. motor to draw different currents for driving different loads. Therefore, the way current is supplied to the motor is also recontrolled.
