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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention is a removable cartridge for use in combination with a liquid
infusion apparatus that may be used to infuse liquid drug continuously
into a patient.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Assemblies that hold liquid and are adapted to be detachably connected to
an infusion system and provide the source of liquid to be infused are
known. Generally, there are two types of assemblies: those that are
affixed directly to an end of the infusion system such as the assemblies
described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,703,084 and 3,486,539; and those that are
remotely connected to the system by a conduit, such as the assemblies
described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,451,393 and 3,731,679.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is a removable, replaceable, cartridge adapted to hold liquid
drug and to be used in combination with a particular infusion apparatus.
The infusion apparatus comprises: a housing that defines an inlet port and
an outlet port and that has a recess for receiving the cartridge, a flow
passageway confined within the housing extending between the inlet port
and the outlet port; and a conduit connected to the outlet port and
extending therefrom to the infusion site. The housing will normally be
adapted to be removably affixed to a patient, but it may alternatively be
adapted to be affixed to the patient's bed, bedside stand or the like.
There will also normally be a flow control element within the flow
passageway.
The cartridge comprises: a hollow shell that is adapted to fit within the
recess in the infusion apparatus housing, is adapted to contain the liquid
drug, and has an outlet that is adapted to communicate with the inlet port
of the infusion apparatus housing to permit the liquid drug to flow from
within the shell into the flow passageway within the housing; pressure
means within the shell for maintaining a substantially constant, positive
pressure on the liquid drug within the shell; and lock means on the shell
for engaging the housing to reversibly lock the cartridge within the
recess in the infusion apparatus housing.
Preferred embodiments of the cartridge have a shell whose exterior surface
forms a substantially unbroken, smooth surface with the exterior surface
of the housing when the cartridge is locked within the housing recess.
They also include: a collapsible container that is housed in the shell
whose interior contains the liquid drug and is connected to the shell
outlet and that collapses in response to the pressure generated by the
pressure means; and a valve in the shell outlet that is normally closed
when the cartridge is not locked within the recess and is opened by the
communication with the inlet port of the housing when the cartridge is
locked within the recess.
In particularly preferred embodiments, the collapsible container is an
elastomeric, axially and radially distensible bladder, the elastic force
is the walls of which comprise the pressure means. Such embodiments also
include means for indicating the volume of liquid drug in the bladder and
a visible volume scale on the shell. The position of the indicator
relative to the scale as the former moves relative to the latter as the
bladder is inflated or deflated indicates said volume.
As used herein and in the claims, the term "liquid drug" includes drugs
that are liquid in their natural form, solutions of drugs and other liquid
formulations of drugs.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an exploded, dimetric view of one embodiment of the infusion
apparatus with a portion of the cartridge broken away;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 with certain parts
broken away and certain parts shown in section;
FIG. 3 is an exploded, dimetric view of another embodiment of the infusion
apparatus with a portion of the housing broken away;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged top, plan, sectional view of the cartridge of the
apparatus of FIG. 3 and a portion of the apparatus that mates with the
cartridge; and
FIGS. 5-8 are sectional views of alternative cartridges to the cartridge of
FIG. 4. A portion of the cartridge of FIG. 5 is broken away and a portion
of the cartridge of FIG. 8 is shown schematically.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The embodiment of the infusion apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a
main housing 10 having a generally rectangular support base 11 upon which
are mounted the various sub-assemblies comprising the complete apparatus.
Support base 11 is preferably slightly curved to conform the curvature of
either a particular portion of the torso of a patient or an extremity such
as an arm or a leg. The apparatus is particularly well suited for use on
the arm or leg of a patient, and in order to maintain it in position
thereon, it is equipped with suitable attaching means (not shown), such as
a pair of adjustable elastic bands affixed to the underside of base 11;
plastic or metallic clips or bracelets; belts or straps provided with
cloth fasteners, zippers, or buckles; or elastic or inelastic ties or
adhesive tapes.
Mounted on support base 11 are two spaced, elongated housing sections 12
and 13 each having a generally triangular cross section as shown in FIG.
1. Section 13 is defined by a generally flat, upright interior wall 14, an
outwardly and downwardly inclined floor 15, and a generally flat inclined
outer wall 16. The end of section 13, to the left as seen in FIG. 1, is
closed by a wall 17 whose periphery joins with walls 14, 16 and the
support base 11.
Section 12 has along its inner side a generally upright wall 18 that
extends from support base 11 to the upper edge of a flat, inclined outer
wall 19 that joins base 11 along its longitudinal edge. The left end of
section 12, as seen in FIG. 1, is closed by an upright wall 20, with the
opposite end of section 12 open and recessed from the edge of support base
11 in a manner similar to that of section 13. A convex wall 23 of
generally triangular configuration has a smoothly rounded, inwardly
directed flange formed about its upper periphery and closes the right end
of the apparatus by joining wall 16 and 19 with support base 11.
A locking lever 24 is journalled at an end 25 for pivotal rotation about a
pin 26 protruding inwardly from wall 18 of section 12. End 25 further
supports a flange 27 for cooperative engagement with a protrusion (not
shown) on wall 18 so as to limit the degree of upward swing of lever 24
away from support base 11. The other end 28 of lever 24 carries a
downwardly extending, generally flat plate 29. A locking tang 30 protrudes
laterally below the bottom edge of plate 29 for cooperative engagement
with an aperture 33 in support base 11. Lever 24 also has a generally
triangular, curved outer wall 34 that acts as a handle and is shaped such
that lever 24, when in a closed or locked position, is contiguous at its
outer surface boundaries with the outer surfaces of section 12.
As seen in FIG. 2, there is a fluid flow passageway confined within the
right end of the apparatus. The inlet to the passageway is defined by a
hollow, needle-like profusion 36. The hollow of protrusion 36 feeds into a
chamber 37 defined by a housing element 35. Spaced from the left wall of
chamber 37 by an O-ring 38 is a filter assembly 39 consisting of one or
more filters designed to retain small particles or sediment and bacteria
and preclude the passage of the same through the downstream portions of
the flow control assembly.
Downstream of filter assembly 39 is a flow passage 40 defined by a groove
in the outer wall of element 35 and a flat plate 43 attached thereover.
Passage 40 extends through an elbow 44 in element 35 and diverges
outwardly to provide an interior chamber 45. It is noted that element 35
is constructed so as to join with base 11, the edge of end wall 23, and
walls 14 and 18 at the right ends of sections 12 and 13. Element 35 thus
functions as an end wall of the generally rectangular recess 46 on top of
base 11 between sections 12 and 13 and closes off the compartment joining
sections 12 and 13.
Chamber 45 feeds into two spaced, fluid carrying conduits 47 and 48, that
are mounted on floor 15 and connected at one of their ends in fluid-tight
engagement to chamber 45. An upstanding wall 65 extends longitudinally in
the space between conduits 47 and 48. The opposite ends of conduits 47 and
48 are connected in fluid-tight engagement to a hollow connecting block 49
also mounted on floor 15. The hollow of connector block 49 is connected to
one end of a flexible surgical tube 50 that extends through the bottom of
the apparatus to the exterior thereof. The other end of tube 50 is
connected with a catheter or needle (not shown) for infusion of the liquid
drug to a patient.
Conduit 47 taken together with wedges 54, 57 comprise a fluid flow control
such as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,031,600 issued Aug. 27, 1974.
Briefly, conduit 47 contains a plurality of axially aligned fibers (not
shown) that occupy a substantial portion of the space within conduit 47.
Compression of conduit 47 between wedge 54 and wall 65 decreases the
volume within conduit 47 available for fluid flow. Such compression is
achieved via longitudinal movement of wedge 57 to the right, thereby
displacing wedge 54 upwardly (as seen in FIG. 2) into engagement with
conduit 47. Longitudinal movement of wedge 54 is prevented by upstanding
stops 55, 56 mounted on floor 15. Longitudinal movement of wedge 57 may be
accomplished by cooperative engagement between rack gear 58 on the left
end of wedge 57 and a pinion gear tool (not shown) that is adapted to
extend through aperture 64 in wall 16 and engage rack gear 58. A pointing
arm 59 extends from the left end of rack gear 58 and has a scribed line
for cooperation with a flow rate scale 60 on the outside of wall 16 (FIG.
1). Pointer 59 can be seen through an opening 63 in wall 16 and, since the
longitudinal position of rack 58 determines the position of wedge 54
relative to conduit 47, indicates the flow rate setting of fluid being
dispensed through the infusion apparatus.
Conduit 48 is a bypass of conduit 47. It may be used to bleed air from the
flow passageway when the apparatus is initially prepared for use or to
rapidly infuse the drug into the patient. This bypass mechanism is
operated by a spring 53 that is adjacent to elbow 44 in floor 15 of
section 13 and has at its distal end an offset, curved portion that
engages conduit 48. Spring 53 exerts a biasing force against conduit 48 so
as to pinch the same between its curved offset portion and the side of
wall 65. Thus, spring 53 normally precludes the passage of fluid through
conduit 48 and enables fluid flow therethrough only when it is lifted away
from wall 65. Aperture 62 in wall 16 provides access to spring 53 to lift
it away.
The removable cartridge of infusion apparatus 10 is best seen in FIG. 1.
Cartridge assembly 66 is formed of left and right cartridge halves 67 and
68, respectively, has a generally rectangular cross section, and conforms
to recess 46 between sections 12 and 13. The upper surfaces of halves 67
and 68 are slightly curved such that when the cartridge is placed in
recess 46 and lever 24 is pivoted to its locked position, the overall
apparatus has a substantially smooth, substantially unbroken, outer
surface as shown in FIG. 1. Half 68 has an end wall 69 defining an
aperture 70. Aligned over aperture 70 is a valve assembly 73 of a
distensible, elastomeric fluid-containing bladder 74. Valve assembly 73 is
attached to wall 69 in any suitable manner such as by means of clamps,
bolts, or interlocking grooves (not shown).
The basic element of valve assembly 73 is a flat, resilient member 72 (FIG.
2) that is urged by the internal pressure within the bladder into a closed
position in sealed engagement with wall 69 when the cartridge is removed
from the apparatus, and into an open position (as in FIG. 2) by engagement
with protrusion 36 when the cartridge is in position within recess 46.
The opposite end of bladder 74 defines an opening 75 having an annular
flange 76. Aligned over opening 75 against the surface of flange 76 is a
microfilter 77 which allows the passage of air but not fluid. Microfilter
77 is firmly clamped between flange 76 and the inner flat surface of a
sliding spider 78 having a plurality of arms 79 extending radially from a
central hub. Arms 79 are preferably engaged with the four inner corners of
the rectangular shell provided by halves 67 and 68 of cartridge 66 such
that the spider is freely slidable longitudinally within the shell. An
aperture 80 extends completely through the central hub of spider 78 such
that air passing through filter 77 may be expelled to the atmosphere. A
generally L-shaped indicating arm 83 protrudes upwardly from the central
hub of spider 78 and has a first leg that extends over a recessed path 84
longitudinally disposed along a central portion of half 67. A volume scale
85 is imprinted upon the upper surface of half 67 and cooperates with
indicator arm 83 to indicate the volume of drug in the bladder 74.
Bladder 74 may be distended by the admission of fluid under pressure
through valve 73 such that the bladder is axially and radially enlarged,
as shown in FIG. 2, for storing the drug under pressure. As the drug is
forced into bladder 74, the bladder becomes axially elongated such that
spider 78 slides toward the end away from the valve 73, with pointer 83
indicating the volume of drug admitted on scale 85. In addition, since
bladder 74 is supported between valve assembly 73 attached to wall 69 of
cartridge 66 and the spider 78, the same is at all times spaced from the
inner walls of halves 67, 68 to allow precise delivery of the entire
contents of the bladder with minimal frictional interference. Furthermore,
the distensible elastic wall of bladder 74 is constructed so that it
distends radially only to approximately the inner dimensions of the
cartridge 66. Therefore, even when fully distended, it does not engage the
inner walls of halves 67, 68. The elastic force inherent in the walls of
bladder 74 provides a constant pressure on the liquid drug of sufficient
magnitude to deflate the bladder and infuse the drug into the patient at a
desired flow rate.
Three pins, one designated 86, the second designated 87, and the third not
shown, protrude from the side wall 88 of half 67 of cartridge 66. Pin 86
is adapted to cooperatively engage the inner edge of plate 29; pin 87 is
adapted to be positioned beneath lever support bar 89; and the third pin
(not shown) is adapted to cooperatively engage flange 27. Thus as
cartridge 66 is lowered into recess 46 with pin 87 passing between stop 90
and the left end of bar 89 and slid to the right along base 11, pin 87
slips underneath bar 89 and the third pin engages flange 27 and causes
lever 24 to lower. Further downward rotation of lever 24 causes pin 86 to
engage the inner edge of plate 29, thereby urging cartridge 66 into a
firmly nested position in recess 46 with protrusion 36 extending through
aperture 70 and opening valve 73. Cartridge 66 is reversibly locked into
recess 46 by snapping tang 30 into aperture 33.
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate another embodiment of the infusion apparatus. This
embodiment is generally designated 89. Apparatus 89 is essentially
identical to apparatus 10 except in the following features: the shapes of
the cartridge shell and the recess in the housing into which it is
received; and the interlock means between the housing and the cartridge.
Accordingly, only these features are described in detail.
Apparatus 89 basically comprises a housing 90 having a recess 91 of
partially circular cross section in its top surface, and a cartridge,
generally designated 93. Housing 90 contains a flow passageway and flow
control assembly as does the housing of apparatus 10. A strap 94 is
affixed to housing 90 for affixing the apparatus to a patient. Cartridge
93 includes a tubular cylindrical shell 95 that is sized to slide snugly
into recess 91 with the exposed portion of the shell forming a continuous
smooth surface together with the exterior of housing 90. Contained within
shell 95 is a tubular elastomeric bladder 96 identical to bladder 74 of
cartridge 66. Flanges 97 and 98 are affixed to either end of bladder 74
and a standard aerosol flow valve 99 is fitted in fluid-tight engagement
into the right end of bladder 74. A pair of sealing rings 100, 103 are
positioned about bladder 74 inwardly of flanges 97 and 98 for attaching
the ends of the bladder 74 to a cartridge end wall 104 and a slidable,
bladder sealing member 105, respectively. Member 105 is free to slide
axially within shell 95 as the bladder 96 is inflated and deflated. Member
105 is scribed at 106 and the scribing cooperates with a volume scale 107
on shell 95 to indicate the volume of fluid in the bladder 96, which
volume is correlated to the axial extension of bladder 96 within shell 95.
An end cap 108 closes the outer (left) end of cartridge 93. Cap 108 has a
keyway 109 in it that is adapted to receive a key 110.
End wall 104 of cartridge 93 has an axial stud 113 extending outwardly from
its exterior surface and a central, axial bore 114 extending completely
through it. Stud 113 has a male thread 115 on its outer end. As seen in
FIG. 3, the housing is fitted, at the inner (right) end of recess 91, with
a flow passage element 116 that functions similarly to element 35 of
apparatus 10. Element 116 has a boss 117 on it that extends into recess 91
and a hollow, needle-like protrusion (FIG. 4) 118 that functions as the
inlet to the flow passageway of the apparatus. Boss 117 has a female
threaded bore 119 that is adapted to receive stud 113 in interlocking
relationship. This is, when cartridge 93 is slid into recess 91, stud 113
is received in bore 119. Key 110 is then inserted into keyway 109 and the
cartridge is rotated to turn the male thread of stud 113 into locked
position within the female thread of bore 119. The cartridge may be
removed from the apparatus by simply rotating the cartridge in the
opposite direction with key 110 to disengage said threads and sliding the
cartridge back out of recess 91.
As stud 113 is received within bore 119, protrusion 118 is received within
bore 114 of stud 113 and the tip of protrusion 118 engages and depresses
flow valve 99 thereby opening it and permitting flow of drug from bladder
96 into the flow passageway of apparatus 99 and thence to the patient.
When the cartridge is removed from recess 91 as described above,
protrusion 119 disengages flow valve 99 and the pressure from the drug
within the bladder 96 will force the valve 99 against the inner surface of
end wall 104, thereby closing valve 99.
FIGS. 5-8 illustrate alternatives to cartridge 93. The cartridges of FIGS.
5-8 are identical in all respects to cartridge 93 except in the means by
which pressure is applied to the liquid drug within the cartridge.
Accordingly, only this feature of these cartridges is described in detail.
The cartridge of FIG. 5, generally designated 120, comprises a tubular
shell 123 that is hermetically sealed. Confined within shell 123 is an
axially collapsible, fluid-tight bellows 124 that contains the drug
charge. The leading (right) end of bellows 124 is fitted with a valve
assembly 125 identical to valve assembly 99 of cartridge 93. A small
portion of a liquid 126 is contained within shell 123 exteriorly of
bellows 124. Liquid 126 has a vapor pressure in excess of atmospheric
pressure at the temperature at which the cartridge is used. Accordingly,
the vapor pressure of liquid 126 exerts a constant, deflating force on
bellows 124 of sufficient magnitude to overcome the pressure drop through
the infusion apparatus and infuse the drug into a patient.
FIG. 6 also shows a cartridge, generally designated 127, in which the
pressure is exerted on the drug charge by vapor pressure. Cartridge 127
comprises a hermetically sealed, tubular shell 128. The hollow interior of
shell 128 is divided into two compartments, 129, 130 that are separated by
a fluid-tight, axially slidable piston 133. The liquid drug charge is
contained within compartment 130 and the right end of compartment 130 is
fitted with a valve assembly 134 identical to the valve assembly of the
cartridge of FIGS. 3 and 4. A small portion of a liquid 135 is contained
within compartment 129. Liquid 135 has a vapor pressure in excess of
atmospheric pressure at the temperature at which cartridge 127 is used.
This vapor pressure exerts a force on the left hand side of piston 133
which in turn exerts a discharging force on the liquid drug within
compartment 130.
FIG. 7 depicts a cartridge, generally designated 136, in which pressure is
exerted on the drug charge solely by mechanical means. Cartridge 136
comprises a fluid-tight, tubular shell 137 whose hollow interior is
separated into two compartments 138, 139 by a fluid-tight, axially
slidable piston 140. Compartment 138 contains the liquid drug charge and
its right hand end is fitted with a valve assembly 143 identical to the
valve assembly of the cartridge of FIGS. 3 and 4. Compartment 139 houses a
spring 144 that is under significant compression and thus exerts an
essentially constant force on piston 140 which in turn exerts discharging
pressure on the drug charge within compartment 138.
FIG. 8 illustrates a cartridge, generally designated 145, in which the
pressure is exerted upon the liquid drug by a gas that is generated by
electrolysis. Cartridge 145 comprises a hermetically sealed, tubular shell
146 whose hollow interior is separated into two compartments 147, 148 by a
fluid-tight, axially slidable piston 149. Compartment 147 contains the
drug charge and its right hand end is fitted with a valve assembly 150
identical to the valve assembly of the cartridge of FIGS. 3 and 4.
Compartment 148 houses a small electrolysis cell (illustrated
schematically) 153 that includes a source of electricity 154 and an
appropriate electrolyte solution 155. Cell 153 generates a gas, such as
hydrogen, at a constant rate, thereby producing a constant pressure on
piston 149 which in turn exerts discharging pressure on the drug within
compartment 147.
Modifications of the above described infusion apparatuses and cartridges
that are obvious to those of skill in the mechanical and/or medical
apparatus arts are intended to be within the scope of the following claims
.
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