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Description  |
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The machine includes automatic justifying computing and encoding means, and
the justifying codes are recorded ahead of the text codes for a line, so
reading for reproduction purposes proceeds smoothly in one direction. The
dividing and justifying encoding means is automatically operable under
control of a word space counter and an amount left in a line measuring
means upon return of the composing machine carriage. This dividing and
encoding means automatically divides the amount left in a line by the
counted word spaces in a line, and immediately encodes the justifying
information without first realizing a digitally expressed answer and
without any operator intervention. The machine is capable of encoding for
justification of any line that has at least one word space and that
extends into a generous predetermined justifying area which precedes the
right hand margin. Thus, the arrangement can accommodate the encoding
requirements of very narrow columns, as used in newspapers for example,
and even in such narrow columns the justified copy will present a proper
appearance as long as the line is filled out in accordance with normal
good typing practices. The code medium is completely automatically served
and fed through all of the encoding and reading means, including reading
for justified reproduction purposes, and thus all customary manual
handling of the code medium is eliminated. Furthermore, the machine
automatically shifts the code medium during all back space and deleting
functions. The justified line is produced one line behind the unjustified
copy; in other words, the justified copy line is produced automatically
while a succeeding unjustified copy line is being typed.
A differential character and space key lock means prevents operation of
character and space keys that would extend a line beyond the right hand
margin, and this means is appropriately effective to permit the addition
of any character or space that will still fit in the line at any given
time and the arrangement also accounts for the difference in character
sizes for each key in upper and lower case conditions.
Since a "space" at the end of a justified line would destroy the effect of
justifying, the machine also includes means for preventing conclusion of a
justifiable line when a word space or a nut space is the last encoded
information in that line. A nut space is a space that is not alterable for
justifying purposes. The line encoding operations are automatically
concluded and the justifying information encoded upon return of the
composing machine carriage. Therefore, means are provided for preventing
inadvertent return of the composing machine carriage, when a "space" is
the last thing encoded and the line has been extended into the justifying
area at the end of the line. When the carriage is locked by this means, it
may be unlocked for return of the carriage by deletion of the "space" or
by addition of one or more characters.
Adjustable left and right hand margin means are provided for locating the
position and width of a column, and the right hand margin means is
affected by approach of the carriage near the end of a line for measuring
the amount left in that line for justifying purposes, for differential end
of line key locking purposes, for rendering effective the means for
preventing a "space" at the end of a justifiable line, and for controlling
an audio-visual justifying area signal means that indicates the final
progress of a line to the operator.
The machine includes a color coded justifying area signal means that
indicates entry of a line into the justifying area and thereafter it
indicates the number of units left in that line, appropriately indicates
the keys that may be locked by the differential key locks, and finally may
indicate that the line is perfectly filled out, as the case may be.
A text and general function encoding means, a back space and deleting
reading device, justifying encoding means and a main reading device for
controlling reproducing operations, arranged in that order in respect to
the flow of code media therethrough, together with slack code media
sensing means and automatic media handling means, are assembled into a
single unit for performance of automatic encoding, automatic deleting, and
automatic justifying reproducing operations without any manual handling of
the code media.
A key initiated `clearing` arrangement is provided for restoring the
composing machine to normal set-up conditions and for encoding a clear
code, at the same time, for automatically controlling the reproducing
machine to assume the same normal set-up conditions. A key initiated
`conditioning` arrangement is provided for encoding the instant set-up
conditions of the composing machine on the code medium, and this code will
control the reproducer to assume these same conditions when the code is
read during reproducing operations. These keys may be operated at any time
during encoding operations. However, their functions are most significant
when a piece of work is begun, to assure proper coordination between the
composing and reproducing machines, particularly immediately after a new
supply of code media is inserted in the machine. A manually presettable
key is also provided for determining that the "clearing arrangement" or
the "conditioning arrangement" will operate automatically for encoding the
clear code or a conditioning code following carriage return or a line
delete operation for example. Thus, it is unnecessary to make condition
set-up notations manually on any code media that may be separated from
preceding code media and stored away for future reuse, since a clear code
or a condition code will precede the text codes for each line.
Forward and reverse extra line space keys are provided for correspondingly
rotating the platen one line space upon each operation of the respective
key in the composing machine and for encoding the same extra line spacing
in the reproducing machine. These extra line spaces are differentiated
from the normal line spacing that occurs upon return of the carriage. Upon
automatic deletion of an extra line space code, the platen in the
composing machine is rotated one line space in the opposite direction to
the code then deleted, to thus position the line as it was before that
particular line space was encoded.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The justifying text writing system disclosed herein involves two machines,
a justification computing and encoding composing machine and a justified
copy reproducer. However, the composing machine and the controls for the
reproducer only are described in full detail in this application. The full
detailed structure of the justified copy reproducer is described in
copending application Ser. No. 212,895, filed Dec. 28, 1971 now U.S. Pat.
No. 3,945,480 issued Mar. 23, 1976, by the inventors William S. Gubelmann
and William R. Grier.
Manual or automatic operation of the composing machine produces an
unjustified copy, as on a normal office typewriter. However, this
operation of the composing machine also excites mechanism therein for
automatically encoding the text and machine operations in a line of
composition, for automatically counting the number of word spaces in the
line, for automatically measuring the amount in units left between the end
of the unjustified line a preset right hand margin means, for
automatically encoding a carriage return operation at the end of the text
codes and at the same time automatically dividing the amount left in the
line upon return of the carriage, for automatically encoding the
justifying information ahead of the codes for the text of the line, and
for automatically feeding the code media containing all of the codes for
the line directly into a main reading device serving area, automatic media
feeding means feeds the code media into the main reading device, whereupon
the main reading device first reads the justifying information and
accordingly prepares the reproducer to add the appropriate amount to each
of the significant word spaces as they occur, and then the main reading
device reads the successive text and function codes for producing the line
in justified form. While the justified copy of the line is being
automatically produced by the reproducer, the operator may use the
composer to encode a succeeding line. All of the above automatic
functions, including computing, encoding, media handling and operation of
the reproducing machine, are performed without manual intervention other
than the normal typing operations in the composing machine and the return
of the carriage therein. The typist need not be concerned about the
differential character spacing, and he need merely put paper in each
machine, set the margin controls in the composing machine, set the left
margin stop only in the reproducer, and type the text on the composing
machine in the usual manner while filling out the lines only in conformity
with good typing practice. However, the arrangement will justify any line
that extends into a generous area (justifying area) preceding the right
hand margin control.
The instant invention provides differential character spacing with type
faces similar to good handset type, and provides automatic encoding for
justification of lines with no special manual setting operations. The
expansion of lines for justifying purposes is accomplished by adding unit
extents to normal word spacing; however, the same results can be obtained
by adding unit extents to the normal letter spacing or to the normal
letter spacing and the normal word spacing without departing from the
spirit of the invention. Illustratively, the character sizes are two,
three and four units and the normal extent of word spacing is two units,
and, in justifying, the word spacing is two units or more as required. The
instant embodiment sets forth an encoding system wherein the additional
units are to be added to the first sixteen word spaces, providing there
are sixteen or more such spaces in the line. If the line contains less
than sixteen word spaces, an additional unit or units will be added to
each word space in the line, providing there are as many units to be added
to the line. The number of units to be added to the first sixteen or less
spaces is determined by automatic justifying mechanism in the composing
machine, which mechanism divides the number of units needed to extend the
line the justifying amount by the number of word spaces to which units are
to be added. The justifying mechanism expresses its answer by controlling
the encoding of one code representing the complete quotient at times when
there is no remainder, and by controlling the encoding of one code
representing the quotient amount and an additional code representing the
remaining number of units when the division results in a remainder. When
there is a remaining number of units resulting from the division, the
reproducer will word space an extent equal to the normal word space, plus
the quotient number of units for sixteen spaces or less, and plus one unit
for as many word spaces as there are units in the remainder, sufficient to
place the last character in the line at the right margin.
The composing machine encodes for justification of lines according to the
following exemplified system. If it is necessary to expend the length of a
line 19 units and the line has 18 word spaces, the first three word spaces
will be four units each (the normal two units, plus one which is the
quotient amount of 19 units divided by the 16 spaces to which extra units
will be added, plus one from the remainder), the next 13 word spaces will
be three units each (Normal two units, plus the one quotient amount), and
the last two spaces (the 17th and the 18th spaces in the line) will be of
the normal two units each. Similarly, in a case where the typist has not
filled out a line in a very narrow column, such as used in newspapers, and
there are only three word spaces and the maximum 23 units are needed to
justify the line, the first two word spaces will be ten units each (2 + 7
+ 1), and the last space will be nine units (2 + 7).
The present embodiment is conceived for accommodating justification
encoding requirements under extenuating circumstances such as are found
occasionally in narrow columns, when large words are used, and the typist,
perhaps in haste, has not most desirably filled out the line. The
illustrated embodiment will encode to accommodate a maximum of 23 units to
be added to a line, even though there may be only one word space therein.
If the line is more completely filled out, the justified line will present
a better appearance, but it is considered more desirable to have the line
justified regardless of whether the line is filled out or not. In the
illustrated preferred form of the invention, a typist can produce
excellent justified lines by filling out the line in normally good form on
the composing machine. A differential key locking means is also provided
for preventing the typist from filling out the line beyond the right
margin.
In the preferred illustrated embodiment, an encoding and code reading
assembly, including a text encoding means, a back space delete reader (for
text code correction purposes), justifying encoding means, a reproducer
controlling main reader (in that order in respect to the normal flow of
code media therethrough), and code media handling means, is secured on the
composing machine for convenience, although the assembly could just as
well be a separate unit that is connected by wires to the composing
machine, without departing from the spirit of the invention. In any case,
the main reader and related media handling circuits in the encoding and
reading assembly are preferably connected to the reproducing machine by
wires which provide flexibility in respect to the relative locations of
the two machines.
Preferably in the usual installation, the composing machine with the
encoding and code reading assembly and the reproducing machine are
situated near an operator's chair, where one person may conveniently
insert paper into both machines and otherwise tend both machines at the
same time. However, the invention accommodates various individually
modified installation requirements, for example, the composing machine
with the encoding and code reading assembly may be in one room under
control of a typist and the reproducing machine may be in another room,
connected to the composing machine by wires as in the usual installation,
and in this arrangement the reproducing machine may be tended by a person
devoted to handling only the justified copies which are the finished
product. In still another modified installation, the composing machine
equipped with the text encoding means, back space delete reader (for
possible text code correction purposes), justifying encoding means, and a
telegraph or other communication main reading device may be provided in
one geographic location for preparing encoded information which may be
transmitted by the communication means for reproducing the encoded media
in a central office and/or other offices, for example, where the justified
copy may be prepared on a reproducer equipped with at least a main code
reader. Also, if a usual installation of composing machine, encoding and
reading assembly and reproducing machine are provided at a first
geographic location and also in a second location or a plurality of other
locations, together with communication means for transmitting the main
reading information between the various locations, an unjustified and a
justified copy can be prepared simultaneously (there being only one line
difference in the time) in one of the locations, and the main reading
information transmitted to the other location, or locations, where a
justified copy of the text can be produced. Thus, it can be seen for
example, an editor or reporter for that matter can prepare a justified
copy in one office or at some station in the field and he can transmit
justified copy to all papers in their news service, in the shortest
possible time.
In the composing machine disclosed herein, combined back spacing of the
machine and deleting of encoded matter on the code media is performed
automatically upon depression of a delete key. When the typist operates
the machine and makes a typographical error or he otherwise wishes to
change the text he has typed and the machine has automatically encoded
during normal forward operations in a line, he merely depresses the delete
key and the machine automatically reverses (back spaces) the encoded
operations and deletes the related one or more codes. Momentary depression
of the delete key causes automatic deleting of the corresponding code. If
the operator wants to delete more than one operation, he merely holds the
delete key down during a suitable number of rapid cycles of deleting
operations sufficient to delete the unwanted operations. When he has
deleted the unwanted portion of the line, the operator may manually rotate
the platen one line space, return the deleted portion of the code media
through the encoding means by operation of a media return key, and then
proceed with composition of the corrected line, without need for erasing.
As mentioned previously, the encoding and code reading assembly includes a
text encoding means and a back space delete reader. This normally
ineffective reader is located one forward code media step away from the
text encoding means, and, during forward encoding operations, the text
codes are put on the media and the media is shifted one step forwardly
after each encoding operation for shifting the last code into the delete
reader. Thus, when forward encoding stops and the operator depresses the
delete key, the last code is in the then effective back space delete
reader, where the last code can immediately control for the back spacing
operation. As soon as the last encoded text operation or function is back
spaced, the code media is automatically moved one step reversely, where
the last code is shifted back into the text encoding means and the next to
the last code is shifted back into the back space delete reader. As soon
as a back spaced code is returned into the text encoding means, this means
is automatically operated to encode a delete code on top of the original
code and thus the original code is rendered ineffective for reproducing
purposes. If the operator releases the delete key during the first back
space sequence of operations, the machine returns the key before the next
sequence and the next to the last encoded code is not read for back
spacing and deleting purposes. However, if the operator holds the delete
key down for more than one sequence, the corresponding number of
successive codes will be back spaced and deleted. When the delete key is
returned, all other encoding keys are automatically locked against
manipulation, but a media return key may then be manipulated to return the
deleted codes through the text encoding means, to bring unaffected media
into the encoding means, and to unlock the keyboard. At such a time, the
machine is in condition for further forward encoding operations. When the
corrected line is read by the main reading device, the reproducer operates
according to the effective codes and it bypasses the deleted codes. A
line-delete key is also provided for deleting an entire line, in cases
where a large part of an encoded line would have to be eliminated in order
to make a desired change in the text.
A novel key locking means is disclosed herein, and it is constructed and
arranged for locking the character and space keys differentially in
accordance with the size of the respective character or space key. This
locking means accounts for the fact that the individual keys usually have
different character sizes in upper case and lower case, and it locks all
keys appropriately in either case. In either case condition of the
machine, all 0.100, 0.075 and 0.050" character and space keys are locked
when there is less than 0.100, 0.075 and 0.050", respectively, remaining
in the line, and, thus, the typist can fill out the line as much as
possible without being permitted to overrun the right hand margin.
Although it would not be considered normal to do so, the key locking
means, combined with the previously mentioned automatic back spacing and
deleting feature, permits an operator to fill out a line until the next
character key is locked, then to back-space to the first hyphenating
position or word ending, as the case may be, and finally to insert the
hyphen or return the carriage, whichever is appropriate for the thusly
most perfectly filled out line.
Another automatic means is provided for locking the carriage against return
and thus preventing the line from being ended, when an underline mark, a
word space or a nut space is the last text representing operation in the
line. A nut space is a space that is not alterable in size for justifying
purposes. This means for assuring proper termination of a line prevents
carriage return, which causes justifying encoding as previously mentioned,
when an underline (without a character over it), a word space or a nut
space is the last encoded text representing operation in the line and the
carriage has been advanced to within the justifying area. In other words,
for example, when the line is advanced to within the justifying area and
the machine is otherwise set for justifying, a space bar operation will
effectuate locking means for preventing carriage return, an ensuing
character will render the locking means ineffective, another operation of
the space bar will again effectuate the locking means and so on until the
carriage is returned following a character key operation. This means
prevents proper justification from being upset by a space, an underline
and corresponding code at the end of a line, as will be more fully
explained hereinafter. A common office typewriter, with a customary
shiftable paper carriage, is used illustratively as a major component of
the composing machine which includes many other novel automatic
components, but it will become apparent that any typewriter, including
those with shiftable imprinting means or other means for coordinating
characters and spaces on a print receiving means to compose a line of text
instead of the illustrated shiftable carriage, may be incorporated by one
schooled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Manually presettable left and right hand margin control means are provided
for locating the position and width of a column on a copy paper. The left
hand control is a positive stop for return of the carriage or imprinting
means, much the same as on a common office typewriter. However, this left
margin means includes a novel switch means that controls operations of
various mechanisms upon full return of the carriage. The right hand margin
means is not a stop in itself, but it is automatically affected by
approach of the carriage near the end of a line for measuring the amount
left in that line for justifying purposes, for differential end of line
key locking purposes, for rendering effective the means for preventing a
"space" at the end of a justifiable line, and for controlling an
audio-visual justifying area signal means that indicates the final
progress of a line to the operator.
The audio-visual justifying area signal means includes an audible signal
means that emits a sound for each unit movement of the carriage as the
line extends into the justifying area, and it also includes a progressive
series of color coded lights that first indicate entry of a line into the
justifying area and thereafter indicate the number of unts left in that
line, several final lights in the series individually indicate the
differential character and space keys that may be locked by the
differential key locks, and finally they may indicate that the line is
perfectly filled out, as the case may be at a given time.
A key initiated `clearing` arrangement is provided for restoring the
composing machine to normal set-up condition, and for encoding a clear
code, at the same time, for automatically controlling the reproducing
machine to assume the same normal set-up condition. A key initiated
`conditioning` arrangement is provided for encoding the instant set-up
condition of the composing machine on the code medium, and this code will
control the reproducer to assume this same condition when the code is read
during reproducing operations. These keys may be operated at any time
during encoding operations. However, their functions are most significant
when a piece of work is begun, to assure proper coordination between the
composing and reproducing machines, particularly immediately after a new
supply of code media is inserted in the machine. A manually presettable
key is also provided for determining that the "clearing arrangement" or
the "conditioning arrangement" will operate automatically for encoding the
clear code or a conditioning code following carriage return or a line
delete operation for example. Thus, it is unnecessary to make condition
set-up notations manually on any code media that may be separated from
preceding code media and stored away for future reuse, since a clear code
or a condition code will precede the text codes for each line.
Further function keys, such as justifying on-off, stop printer, code media
feed, encoding control (punch control), print control, bold and regular
control and power on-off switch keys, are provided on the composing
machine keyboard. The justifying on-off key is shiftable from one position
to another for respectively controlling the composing machine to
automatically encode justifying information for each line or to omit the
justifying encoding operations, and thus the reproducer will operate for
producing a justified copy or an unjustified copy, respectively. The stop
printer key is operable for encoding a stop printer code, which will
control the reproducer to stop at that point, where variables, e.g. names,
or dates may be added for example. There are two code media feed keys
shown herein as a preferred form. Operation of one of these keys causes
the code media to be fed through the main reader an amount equal to a
plurality of code space increments in one motion whereby the increments
correspond to the advance of tape by one step. Operation of the other feed
key causes the code media to be fed one increment for each operation of
the key, and, in another form of this key, the code media is automatically
fed consecutive increments as long as the operator holds the key in
operated position. If one or more of such blank code media increments are
provided within the text codes for a line, the blank space will cause the
reading for reproducing purposes to stop at that point, much like a stop
printer code. By manipulation of these keys, an operator may provide
sufficient blank space on a code media tape for writing special notations
that may be useful for providing unusual set-up control of the reproducer.
If a stop printer code and blank space code media tape is provided at the
beginning of a piece of work (a letter, for example), the reproducer will
stop before the reproduced copy is begun, notations for special set-up of
the reproducer may be noted on the tape in the blank space, paper (special
letterhead, for example) may be put in the reproducer, and also, before or
after the reproducer is operated to reproduce the work, special filing
information may be placed on the blank space to aid in proper filing of
the tape for future use. The encoding control (Punch control) key is
shiftable from one position to another for controlling the encoding means
to encode the operations of the composing machine for reproducing
purposes, or upon return of the key to the first position for rendering
the encoding means ineffective so the composing machine may be operated
alone, respectively. The print control key is shiftable between two
positions for encoding a print code upon shift of the key to one position
and for encoding a no-print code upon shift to the other position, whereby
the reproducer is controlled to print and accordingly shift the print
receiving paper in a normal manner for reproducing an encoded text, or
whereby the reproducer is controlled to shift the paper according to an
encoded text without printing the characters of the text, respectively.
The bold and regular control key is shiftable into one position for
encoding a bold-face code, and it is shiftable into another position for
encoding a regular face code, whereupon the reproducer is controlled to
print in a pronounced bold-face, or to print in a lighter regular-face,
respectively. The power on-off switch key of course is for turning the
electrical power on or off in the composing machine.
Forward and reverse line space keys are located conveniently on the
keyboard of the composing machine, and they, together with suitable
mechanism in the machine, are selectively operable for rotating the platen
one line space forward or reverse respectively and, at the same time, for
encoding for the same line spacing in the reproducer.
An object of this invention is to provide an improved justification and
literal text writing and encoding composing machine, and control means for
automatically controlling a justified copy reproducing machine.
Another object of this invention is to provide a text writing composing
machine, requiring only normal typing experience and normal typing skill
of an operator, for encoding complete justifying text writing information.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved composing
typewriter that will automatically encode text, function and justifying
information for automatically controlling a justified copy reproducer to
produce successive justified lines of a text following a single typing of
each line of the text on the composing typewriter.
Another object of the invention is to provide correcting or editing means,
in a text writing composing machine, and a composing machine controlled
reproducer combination, whereby the composing machine operator may easily
correct or otherwise change a line of text, as the line is typed, before
the reproducer automatically reproduces the corrected or altered line.
Another object of the invention is to provide, in a typewriting composer
and typewriting reproducer combination including a controlling code
medium, completely automatic correcting means under control of a
manipulative key, in the composer, operable for controlling the correcting
means to automatically delete one or more effective material codes already
on the code medium, to correct justifying data stored in the composer, to
reversely read consecutive affected codes and to appropriately back-space
the carriage and perform reverse functions in accordance with each code
and to handle the code medium automatically, so as to condition the
composer and the code medium for receiving correct new material.
Another object of the invention is to provide a literal text writing
composing machine and an encoding mechanism controlled by the keys of the
machine for recording on a code medium the normal forwarding sequence of
key actuations that make up a line, and a back-space decoder, a back-space
code reader for controlling said decoder, and mechanism under control of
the decoder for automatically back-spacing the line and conditioning the
machine in accordance with the reverse order of the codes on the code
medium and sequentially deleting the codes that are back-spaced, so the
remaining extent of the line always accurately corresponds with the
spacing required for the remaining and not deleted codes on the medium, so
the machine is always conditioned according to the last undeleted function
or machine conditioning code, and so the operator need not know the set
width of the characters or spaces in order to unerringly back-space the
characters, spaces and functions.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved text writing
composing machine capable of encoding for justification of any line that
extends into a generous justifying area near the right hand margin of a
column, providing there is at least one word space in the line. One
schooled in the art may employ the teaching of this invention in a system
for adding the justifying amounts to the letter spacing, or to the letter
spacing and the word spacing, without departing from the spirit of the
invention, and in such an arrangement the composing machine will encode
for justification of any line that extends into the justifying area, even
in a very narrow column where there is a large word and no word space.
Another object of this invention is to provide a manually operable
non-justifying typewriter, on which an operator may type a line and
proofread the text of each typed line before returning the carriage, and
which carriage operation causes justifying reproducer control mechanism in
said typewriter to operate a reproducer to print a justified line of the
text, automatically through successive lines, without interrupting the
manual typing processes.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved justifying text
writing composing machine, including text encoding, line delete encoding
and justifying encoding means together with a main reading device for
reproducing purposes, wherein the justifying information codes or the line
delete codes, as the case may be, are appropriately encoded ahead of the
text codes for each line, and wherein the code media for a line is
proportional to the length of the line, the feed controls are simpler and
faster, and the code media is fed only in one direction through the main
reading device and the justifying information codes or the line delete
codes are read for reproducing set-up purposes before the text codes for a
line are fed into the reading device.
An object of the invention is to provide systems for automatically
controlling production of justified written copy, one line behind the
composition of each line of unjustified copy, without special intervention
by an operator.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved literal
text writing keyboard machine, having differential character keys (some of
which are for a different size character in upper case than in lower
case), case shifting control means, differential space keys, left and
right hand margin control means and including differential character and
space key locks, wherein successive lines of text may be written between
the margin control means and wherein the key locks prevent operation of
each of said keys only when their respective character or space will not
fit between the end of a line and the right hand margin as controlled by
the right hand margin control means and the case shifting control means.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved justifying text
writing composing machine, including the mechanisms set forth in the
preceding object together with encoding mechanism and justifying
reproducer control mechanism, wherein the differential character and space
key locks prevent the composing machine from overrunning the right hand
margin and prevent the encoding mechanism from encoding for a line of text
that would cause the control mechanism to operate the reproducer beyond
the right hand margin.
Still another object of the invention is to provide, in a justifying text
writing composing machine, means for preventing termination of a
justifiable line, during normal forward operations, when a space that
would destroy the justified appearance of the line is the last operation
performed in the line.
Another object of the invention is to provide, in a justifying typewriter
composing machine, means for encoding a text for a line and for
terminating a justifiable line by returning the carriage, and means for
preventing return of the carriage during normal forward operations, when a
space that would destroy the justified appearance of such a reproduced
line is the last operation performed and encoded in the line.
Another object of the invention is to provide a justifying text writing
composing machine for encoding a written text and automatically encoding
for justification of a line that extends into a justifying area, at the
end of a line, combined with means for deleting encoded matter in
accordance with already encoded matter upon depression of a delete key,
the delete key being automatically held in operated position by a detent
means until a cycle of deleting operations is properly complete, a
plurality of deletion cycles of operations being automatically performed
upon manually holding the delete key beyond at least one full cycle of
deleting operations, the arrangement further including a space sensing
means that is effective only when the line is extended into the justifying
area for avoiding the release of the delete key by the detent means when a
space code is the last effective code, whereby deleting operations will be
terminated only when a character code is the last effective code in the
line or when the line is deleted back out of the justifying area.
Still another object of the invention is to provide improved left and right
hand margin controls for locating the position and width of a column, the
left hand margin control including means for stopping the carriage upon
carriage return and including electrical means for indicating that the
carriage is fully returned, the right hand margin control including means
affected by approach of the carriage near the end of a line for measuring
the amount left in that line for justifying purposes, for differential end
of line key locking purposes, for differential end of line key locking
purposes, for rendering effective a means for preventing a "space" at the
end of a justifiable line and for controlling an audio-visual justifying
area signal means.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved
audio-visual justifying area signal means including an audible signal that
emits sound upon each unit extension of the line after the line has
reached the justifying area and including a color coded justifying area
signal means that indicates entry of a line into the justifying area and
thereafter it indicates the number of units left in that line,
appropriately indicates the keys that may be locked by the differential
key locks, and finally may indicate that the line is perfectly filled out,
as the case may be.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a composing machine and
a reproducing machine interconnected by an encoding assembly means
comprising a first encoding means for coding the functions and text as the
composing machine is operated to set up a line of type; a second encoding
means, situated f | | |
