An arrangement for producing photographs which may be used for photogrammetric surveys of spatial objects, in which control points are established in the spatial object. Two photographs are taken using central projections with different positions of the projection center. The control points are the component of a mobile control point system having a reference with four points with known position coordinates constituting a quadrangle. At least two space points located outside the reference plane, have unequal or identical position coordinates relative to the reference plane. At least the space position coordinates of one space point and the space position coordinates of the other space point are known, and at least six such points appear on each of the two photographs. To increase the accuracy of determining the unknown in the transformation equations, a reference plane with more than four points, preferably sixteen points, is introduced into the spatial object to be measured. For more accurate determination of the two projection centers, a reference plane with more than two space points is introduced into the spatial object to be measured. For control purposes, more than two photographs are made with varying spatial positions of the projection centers.
A photogrammetric process for the three-dimensional monitoring of moving objects can utilize at least two cameras and a triangulation system for detecting the position and orientation of the object. The object is additionally illuminated, e.g. by a flash lamp or a triggered laser to eliminate the influence of ambient light.
Methods for providing a representation of location coordinates for a collection of survey points with enhanced accuracy. An obliquely oriented cylindrical surface, rather than a tangent plane, is determined and used as the projection surface at or near a survey base point, with the angular orientation and radius of the cylinder being chosen to optimize the accuracy of the projection. A scale factor that corrects for distances of locations projected onto the cylindrical surface is optionally determined and applied. A three-dimensional transformation of survey location coordinates, optimized to provide a best fit for a selected set of fiducial survey locations, is determined that provides a correspondence between a globally determined height coordinate and a locally determined elevation coordinate.
