An optoelectronic coupler with a semiconductor transmitter and a semiconductor receiver has a transparent conductive screen formed of semiconductor material overlying the active area of at least one of the transmitter and receiver, in the path of optical radiation passing between the transmitter and receiver, and directly electrically connected to a semiconductor zone of the active area, to protect the coupler from changes in its electrical characteristics due to high intensity electric fields.
An integrated circuit cast on a single die having a plurality of receivers in a receiver region, a plurality of transmitters in a transmitter region, and a spatial separation region having a plurality of n-type and p-type subregions disposed on the single die to separate the transmitter region from the receiver region. The pn-junctions between the n-type and p-type subregions are reverse-biased thereby reducing or eliminating coupling of noise and crosstalk between the transmitter and receiver is reduced.
The invention relates to a package for microoptical and/or microelectronic devices. The package is to be designed in such a way that package resonances initiated by standing waves produced in the package are completely avoided or very highly attenuated. This is achieved by making the package, in whole or in part, of a microwave-absorbing, nonoutgassing material. A suitable material is silicon or graphite, for example.
A method for the simultaneous deposition of chromium and silicon to form a diffusion coating on a workpiece uses a halide-activated cementation pack with a dual halide activator. Elemental metal powders may be employed with the dual activator. A two-step heating schedule prevents blocking a chromium carbide from forming at the surface of the workpiece. Small contents of either Ce or V can be added to the Cr+Si contents of the coating by introducing oxides of Ce or V into the filler of the pack.
An integrated circuit cast on a single die having a plurality of receivers in a receiver region, a plurality of transmitters in a transmitter region, and a spatial separation region having a plurality of n-type and p-type subregions disposed on the single die to separate the transmitter region from the receiver region. The pn-junctions between the n-type and p-type subregions are reverse-biased thereby reducing or eliminating coupling of noise and crosstalk between the transmitter and receiver is reduced.
A solid state relay uses an optically controlled shunt and series enhancement circuit between a photodiode array and an output device to provide enhanced turn-off and transient immunity characteristics. A Faraday shield may be used to cover optically active components and to provide protection against false turn-on and turn-off caused by the transients.
