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Claims  |
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I claim:
1. A multi-purpose orthodontic bracket comprising:
a rear portion adapted to be mounted to a surface of a tooth, a front
portion, and an intermediate portion interconnecting said front and rear
portions;
means forming first and second arch wire receiving openings in at least a
surface of at least one of said front and rear portions, said first arch
wire receiving opening being larger than the second arch wire receiving
opening;
means defining an arch wire contact surface over a minor portion of the
width of the bracket and in communication with said second arch wire
receiving opening;
support means on at least one of said front and rear portions for at least
partially defining said larger first arch wire receiving opening, said
support means including at least a plurality of support areas distributed
along at least a major portion of the width of the bracket for receiving
an arch wire thereon; and
means defining a retaining pin receiving slot in said bracket extending
substantially perpendicularly to the arch wire receiving openings.
2. The bracket of claim 1 wherein said interconnecting intermediate portion
of said bracket comprises at least a portion of said means defining said
arch wire contact surface.
3. The bracket of claim 1 wherein said means defining an arch wire contact
surface depends from said intermediate interconnecting portion.
4. The bracket of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein said arch wire
contact surface is substantially a point contact surface.
5. The bracket of any one of claims 1, or 3 wherein said support means is
at the same level in the vertical direction as said arch wire contact
surface.
6. The bracket of claim 5 wherein said support means comprises at least one
elongated ledge or shelf formed in at least one of said front and rear
portions.
7. The bracket of claim 6 wherein said ledge or shelf is oriented at a
predetermined angle.
8. The bracket of claim 6 including a ledge or shelf on both of said front
and rear portions.
9. The bracket of claim 5 wherein said support means comprises a plurality
of projections projecting from at least one of said front and rear
portions.
10. The bracket of any of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein said support means is at
an elevated level with respect to said arch wire contact surface.
11. The bracket of claim 10 wherein said support means comprises at least
one elongated ledge or shelf formed in at least one of said front and rear
portions.
12. The bracket of claim 10 wherein said ledge or shelf is oriented at a
predetermined angle.
13. The bracket of claim 10 including a ledge or shelf on both of said
front and rear portions.
14. The bracket of claim 10 wherein said support means comprises a
plurality of projections projecting from at least one of said front and
rear portions.
15. The bracket of claim 1 further comprising means defining at least one
tie wire engaging slot or groove in said bracket.
16. The bracket of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein said means forming
first and second arch wire receiving opening comprises wall portions, a
first wall portion being formed in said front portion of said bracket and
a second wall portion being formed in the rear portion of said bracket.
17. The bracket of claim 16 wherein said wall portions are substantially
parallel to the rear surface of said rear bracket portion.
18. The bracket of claim 16 wherein said wall portions are oriented at an
angle relative to the rear surface of said rear bracket portion.
19. The bracket of claim 16 wherein said wall portions and said support
means define a substantially rectangular arch wire receiving opening for
substantially non-rotationally receiving and retaining a rectangular arch
wire.
20. The bracket of claim 19 wherein said wall portions and support means
define an angulated substantially rectangular arch wire receiving opening.
21. The bracket of claim 19 further comprising a retaining pin adapted to
be received in said retaining pin slot, said retaining pin having means
thereon extending over a substantial portion of the length of said arch
wire receiving opening to securely retain an arch wire received therein.
22. The bracket of claim 21 wherein said pin presents at least one
angulated surface for retaining an arch wire in said angulated arch wire
receiving opening in an angulated orientation.
23. The bracket of claim 22 wherein said pin includes an elongated arch
wire receiving slot therein and defining at least a part-rectangular
opening for receiving and retaining a substantially rectangular arch wire
therein.
24. The bracket of claim 23 wherein said arch wire receiving opening of
said pin is angulated in a predetermined direction.
25. The bracket of claim 16 comprising a retaining notch in at least one of
said wall portions for receiving at least a portion of a rectangular arch
wire for retaining a rectangular arch wire in an angulated condition in
said first arch wire receiving opening.
26. The bracket of claim 20 further comprising a retaining pin adapted to
be received in said retaining pin slot, said retaining pin having at least
one angulated surface for retaining an arch wire in said angulated arch
wire receiving opening in an angulated orientation.
27. The bracket of claim 26 wherein said pin includes an arch wire
receiving slot therein and defining at least a part-rectangular angulated
opening for receiving and retaining a substantially rectangular arch wire
therein.
28. The bracket of claim 1, further comprising a retaining pin adapted to
be received in said retaining pin slot, said retaining pin having an
angulated surface which extends substantially across said first arch wire
receiving opening for retaining a substantially rectangular arch wire in
said first arch wire opening in an angulated orientation relative to said
bracket.
29. The bracket of claim 28 wherein said pin includes an arch wire
receiving slot therein defining at least a part-rectangular angulated
opening for receiving and retaining a substantially rectangular arch wire
therein.
30. The bracket of claim 28 wherein said at least one angulated surface of
said pin extends over a substantial length of said at least one arch wire
receiving opening.
31. The bracket of claim 28 wherein said angulation of said pin is about
the longitudinal axis of said first arch wire receiving opening.
32. The bracket of claim 31 wherein said angulated surface of said pin is
angulated in a mesial-distal direction.
33. The bracket of claim 28 wherein said angulated surface of said pin is
angulated in a mesial-distal direction.
34. The bracket of claim 1, further comprising a retaining pin adapted to
be received in said pin receiving slot, said pin having engaging means at
the lower end thereof and said bracket having complementary engaging means
at the lower end thereof which is adapted to be engaged by said engaging
means of said pin when said pin is inserted in said slot, to thereby
retain said pin in said slot.
35. The bracket of claim 34 wherein said engaging means comprises irregular
surfaces on said pin and bracket.
36. The bracket of claim 1 further comprising a notch formed in the front
portion of said bracket in communication with said pin receiving slot.
37. The bracket of claim 36 further comprising a retaining pin adapted to
be received in said pin receiving slot, said retaining pin having
projection means thereon adapted to be received in said notch in said
front portion.
38. The bracket of claim 37 wherein said notch is a bottomed notch and
limits the penetration of said pin in said pin receiving slot.
39. The bracket of claim 1 further comprising a notch extending upwardly
from the bottom of said front portion and in communication with said pin
receiving slot.
40. The bracket of claim 39 further comprising a retaining pin adapted to
be received in said pin receiving slot and including an elongated lower
leg which is engageable in said notch.
41. The bracket of claim 40 wherein said elongated lower leg extends below
the lower edge of said bracket when said pin is fully received in said pin
receiving slot and is bendable so as to be engaged in said notch.
42. The bracket of claim 41 wherein said elongated lower leg portion of
said pin includes means for engaging an auxiliary orthodontic apparatus.
43. The bracket of claim 1 further comprising a retaining pin adapted to be
received in said pin receiving slot, said pin having an elongated lower
leg portion which is adapted to extend out of the bottom of said bracket
when said pin is fully received in said bracket, said lower leg portion
being bendable upwardly relative to said bracket.
44. The bracket of claim 43 wherein said bendable lower leg portion
includes means for engaging an auxiliary orthodontic device.
45. The bracket of claim 1 further comprising a retaining pin adapted to be
received in said pin receiving slot, said pin having an elongated lower
leg portion which is adapted to extend out of the bottom of said bracket
when said pin is fully received in said bracket, said lower leg portion
including means for engaging an auxiliary orthodontic device.
46. The bracket of claim 1 wherein said bracket is made of bent metal
plate-like material.
47. The bracket of claim 46 wherein said means defining an arch wire
contact surface over a minor portion of the width of the bracket comprises
a bent-over metal plate-like portion of said bracket which is integral
with the intermediate portion of said bracket.
48. The bracket of claim 47 wherein said bent-over portion extends from the
lower surface of said intermediate portion of said bracket and is bent
upwardly so as to extend to said second arch wire receiving opening, the
resulting upper edge of said bent-over portion defining said arch wire
contact surface.
49. The bracket of either of claims 46 or 48 wherein said intermediate
portion of said bracket is integral with said front and rear portions and
extends between said front and rear portions, said intermediate portion
having a stepped surface, the step of which defines said support means
which at least partially defines said larger first arch wire receiving
opening.
50. In combination, a retaining and an orthodontic bracket, said bracket
having an arch wire receiving opening and a pin retaining channel therein,
the pin comprising:
a shank for insertion in said pin retaining channel of said bracket; and
a member extending transversely of said shank and defining a part
rectangular receiving surface for engaging a rectangular arch wire, said
part rectangular receiving surface including at least two substantially
parallel surfaces extending from said shank at other than 90.degree.,
whereby when a rectangular arch wire is received in said part rectangular
receiving surfaces at least one of a pre-torque and an axial deviation is
applied to said arch wire relative to said bracket.
51. The combination of claim 50 wherein said at least two substantially
parallel surface of said part rectangular receiving surface of said
retaining pin are angulated about the longitudinal axis of the arch wire
received in said pin to impart a pre-torque to the arch wire.
52. The combination of either of claims 50 or 51 wherein said at least two
substantially parallel surfaces are further angulated so that they extend
at an angle of other than 180.degree. to the mesial-distal plane which
lies perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a tooth to impart an axial
deviation to the arch wire.
53. The combination of claim 50 wherein said part rectangular receiving
surface includes at least three surfaces extending in the longitudinal
direction of an arch wire, said three surfaces defining adjacent surfaces
of a parallelogram, two of said surfaces opposing each other and being
substantially parallel with each other.
54. The combination of claim 53 wherein said three surfaces define adjacent
surfaces of a rectangle.
55. The combination of claim 50 wherein said transversely extending member
extends from one end of said shank and the other end of said shank
includes means for receiving auxiliary orthodontic devices.
56. In combination, a retaining pin and an orthodontic bracket, said
bracket having an arch wire receiving opening and a pin retaining channel
therein, the pin comprising:
a shank for insertion in said pin retaining channel of said bracket; and
a member extending substantially transversely of said shank at one end of
said shank and defining an arch wire engaging surface for engaging an
elongated side wall of a rectangular arch wire, said arch wire engaging
surface being at an angle of other than 90.degree. relative to said shank
to retain a rectangular arch wire in an angulated condition in a bracket.
57. The combination of claim 56 wherein said arch wire engaging surface is
angulated about the longitudinal axis of an arch wire to impart a
pre-torque to an arch wire received in said pin.
58. The combination of either of claims 56 or 57 wherein said arch wire
engaging surface is angulated so that it extends at an angle of other than
180.degree. to the mesial-distal plane which lies perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of a tooth to impart an axial deviation to an arch wire
received in said pin.
59. The combination of any one of claims 56 or 57 wherein said member
defines an elongated engaging surface extending from said shank in the
longitudinal direction of an arch wire.
60. The bracket of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, further comprising in
combination a retaining pin adapted to be received in said retaining pin
receiving slot, said retaining pin having surface means thereon for
engaging an arch wire and for retaining said arch wire in said arch wire
receiving opening in an angulated stressed condition.
61. An orthodontic bracket comprising:
a rear portion adapted to be mounted to a surface of a tooth, a front
portion, and an intermediate portion interconnecting said front and rear
portions;
means forming at least one arch wire receiving opening between said front
and rear portions;
means defining an arch wire contact surface over a minor portion of the
width of the bracket and in communication with said arch wire receiving
opening, said contact surface defining means including a bent-over
integral portion of said bracket an end portion of which extends into
communication with said arch wire receiving opening, said end portion at
least partially defining said contact surface; and
means defining a retaining pin receiving slot in said bracket extending
substantially perpendicularly to the arch wire receiving opening.
62. The bracket of claim 61 wherein said bent-over portion is integral with
said intermediate portion.
63. The bracket of claim 62 wherein said bent-over portion extends from the
lower surface of said intermediate portion of said bracket and is bent
upwardly so as to extend to said second arch wire receiving opening, the
resulting upper end portion of said bent-over portion defining said arch
wire contact surface.
64. The bracket of any one of claims 61, 62 or 63, wherein said bracket is
made of bent metal plate-like material. |
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Claims |
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Description |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to orthodontic brackets and, more
particularly, to multi-purpose orthodontic brackets which may be made of
metal, plastics, ceramics, glass ceramics, or any other suitable material.
Orthodontic brackets which are in widespread use today are generally either
light wire brackets or edgewise-type brackets. Each of these types of
brackets are suitable for specific orthodontic procedures.
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved orthodontic
bracket which is a multi-purpose bracket which may be used as a light wire
or edgewise bracket to enable, for example, an orthodontist to carry out a
light-wire Begg-type technique and then proceed to an edgewise technique
without requiring replacement of the bracket.
A further object of the invention is to provide such a bracket which is
versatile, easy to use and easy to manufacture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, a multi-purpose orthodontic
bracket comprises a rear portion adapted to be affixed to a surface of a
tooth, a front portion and an intermediate portion interconnecting the
front and rear portions. First and second arch wire receiving openings are
formed in at least a surface of at least one of the front and rear
portions, the first arch wire receiving opening being larger than the
second arch wire receiving opening. An arch wire contact surface is
defined over a minor portion of the width of the bracket and is in
communication with the second arch wire receiving opening. Support means
is provided on at least one of the front and rear portions of the bracket
for at least partially defining the first arch wire receiving opening, the
support means including at least a plurality of support areas distributed
along at least a major portion of the width of the bracket for receiving
and supporting an arch wire thereon. A retaining pin receiving slot in the
bracket extends substantially perpendicular to the arch wire receiving
openings.
In accordance with a further feature of the invention, improved retaining
pins are provided for use with orthodontic brackets having an arch wire
receiving opening and a pin retaining channel therein. The retaining pin
comprising a shank for insertion in the pin receiving channel and a member
extending transversely of the shank and defining an arch wire engaging and
retaining surface for engaging a rectangular arch wire and for retaining
the arch wire in the bracket with a predetermined orientation. In a
preferred arrangement, the transverse member includes at least a part
rectangular receiving surface which has at least two substantially
parallel surfaces extending from the shank at a given angle whereby when a
rectangular arch wire is received in the part rectangular receiving
surfaces, a pre-torque may be applied to the arch wire relative to the
bracket.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view thereof;
FIG. 3 is a top view thereof;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view thereof;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a pin for use in the embodiment of FIGS.
1-4, as well as in other embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another pin according to the invention;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of still another pin according to the
invention;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of yet another pin according to the invention;
FIGS. 9, 10, 11 and 12 are side views of modifications of the embodiment of
FIGS. 1-4;
FIGS. 13 and 14 are side and front views, respectively, of a further
modified bracket of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a side view of still another modified bracket of the present
invention;
FIGS. 16 and 17 are perspective and sectional views respectively of a
pre-torque pin of the invention;
FIG. 18 is a perspective view of still another pin according to the
invention;
FIG. 19 is a side view of still another modified bracket of the invention;
FIG. 20 is a side view of yet another modified bracket of the invention;
FIGS. 21 and 22 are side views of still further modified embodiments of the
invention;
FIGS. 23 and 24 illustrate pins usable in the embodiments of FIGS. 21 and
22;
FIGS. 25 and 26 are perspective and side views, respectively, of a metallic
bracket of the present invention;
FIG. 27 is a front view of a modification of the bracket of FIGS. 25 and
26;
FIG. 28 is a side view of another modification of the bracket of FIGS. 25
and 26;
FIGS. 29 is a perspective view of an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 25,
but wherein the dimples or projections are replaced by a groove in the
rear portion of the bracket;
FIG. 30 is a front view of a modified bracket of the present invention;
FIG. 31 is a perspective view of another bracket of the invention;
FIGS. 32 and 33 are sectional and side views, respectively of the bracket
of FIG. 31;
FIGS. 34 and 35 are perspective and side views, respectively, of another
bracket of the present invention;
FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a modification of the bracket of FIG. 25;
FIG. 37 is a side view of a modification of the bracket of FIG. 33;
FIGS. 38 and 39 are perspective views of an arch wire locking pin and pin
receiving channel, respectively, of the present invention;
FIG. 40 is a perspective view of another arch wire locking pin of the
invention;
FIG. 41 is a perspective view of a modified bracket of the present
invention;
FIG. 42 is a perspective view of a modified pin of the present invention;
FIG. 43 is a side view of yet another modified pin of the invention;
FIG. 44 is a side view showing the pin of FIG. 43 installed in the bracket
of FIG. 41;
FIG. 45 is a sectional perspective view of another pin of the invention
FIG. 46 is a front view of another pin of the invention; and
FIG. 47 is a left side view of a modified pin of FIG. 46, which exhibits a
compound angulation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to FIGS. 1-4, a first embodiment of a multi-purpose bracket
according to the present invention is illustrated in the form particularly
suitable for manufacture in plastics, ceramics, glass ceramics, or the
like materials. The bracket comprises a rear surface 1 which is preferably
contoured to better conform to the contour of a tooth to which the bracket
is to be attached. The bracket preferably has a plurality of holes 2
formed in the rear surface thereof so as to enhance the adhesion of the
bracket to a tooth by means of the appropriate adhesives. The number of
holes 2 may be varied. Instead of holes, grooves or other irregularities
may be formed on the rear surface 1. The holes, grooves or other
irregularities are particularly important for direct bonding of the
bracket to a tooth, but can be omitted when the brackets are secured with
bands.
The bracket of FIGS. 1-4 further comprises an arch wire receiving channel
3, the channel 3 comprising first and second portions 4 and 5,
respectively. The first arch wire receiving channel portion 4 is
particularly useful for light wire type techniques and the second arch
wire receiving channel portion 5 is particularly suitable for use in
edgewise treatment techniques or other techniques using rectangular arch
wires. A shelf arch wire support surface 6 is provided to separate the
first and second arch wire receiving channel portions 4 and 5.
The first arch wire receiving channel portion 4 has a bearing surface 7
which approximates a "point contact" which is required for using the
bracket as a light wire bracket. The bearing surface 7 is the upper
portion of a generally triangular bracket portion 8 which interconnects
the front and rear of the bracket. The bulk of interconnecting portion 8
is required to give the bracket suitable strength, especially when the
bracket is made from materials such as plastics, ceramics, glass ceramics,
or the like. When the bracket is fabricated from metal, it is not
necessary that the connecting portion 8 have such extensive bulk.
The bracket further comprises an indentation 9 at both ends thereof for use
in tying an arch wire to the bracket by means of ligature wire, or the
like. When tying the arch wire to the bracket, the ligature wire is
brought under the bracket through the indentation 9 so as to be positively
retained relative to the bracket.
When using the bracket of FIGS. 1-4 as a light wire bracket, the arch wire
is dimensioned so as to fit within the first arch wire receiving channel
portion 4 and an appropriate pin, such as that shown in FIG. 5 is inserted
through the end portion 10 of the transverse slot 18 of the bracket so
that the leg 11 of the pin 19 is received between the front wall 12 of the
bracket and the arch wire which is inserted into opening 4. The top part
13 of the pin passes over the arch wire and the bent-down portion 14
enters behind the wire into the transverse slot of the bracket. The bottom
portion 15 of the pin is bent over after it is fully inserted to retain
the arch wire in the arch wire receiving opening 4.
To use the bracket as an edgewise-type bracket, an arch wire, such as a
round or rectangular arch wire, suitably dimensioned so as to fit into
channel portion 5 and so as not to fall into channel portion 4, is
inserted into the arch wire receiving channel so as to rest on shelf 6.
Shelf 6 extends substantially along the whole length of the arch wire
receiving opening 5. After insertion, the wire may be secured to the
bracket by means of tying with ligature wire, or the like, or it may be
secured in place by means of pin 19 of FIG. 5 or by special pins, such as
those illustrated in FIGS. 6-8. The pins of FIGS. 6-8 operate similarly to
that of FIG. 5 in that their bottom portions are bent over after they are
completely inserted into the bracket to retain them in place. However, the
pins of FIGS. 6-8 have wing portions 16 which lie over the top of the arch
wire in order to more securely retain the arch wire in the opening 5 and
to retain same against shelf 6 along substantially the complete length of
the opening 5. In this manner, the arch wire can be used for applying
torquing, tilting, uprighting, etc. forces to a tooth in a substantially
conventional manner. The pins of FIGS. 6 and 7 are similar, except that
the pin of FIG. 7 is fabricated from one bent piece of wire whereas the
pin of FIG. 6 is fabricated from two pieces of wire which may be
interconnected along the elongated leg portions 17, or which may be
separately formed and individually inserted into the bracket.
FIG. 9 illustrates a modified bracket embodiment wherein the shelf 6' is
located in only one wall of the bracket and the first and second arch wire
receiving channel portions 4' and 5' share a common wall.
FIG. 10 illustrates a further modification of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4
wherein the tying indentations 9 are replaced with respective indentations
20, 21 at the opposite ends of the bracket, similar to the manner shown in
FIG. 1.
FIG. 11 illustrates a further modification wherein a notch 22 is formed in
the rear surface 1 of the bracket to provide a further area for tying an
arch wire to the bracket, for example by means of ligature wire, or the
like. The tying indentation 9 of FIG. 11 may be replaced by the tying
indentations 20 and 21 of FIG. 10, as desired. The arch wire receiving
channels 5, 4 may be as shown in FIG. 9.
FIG. 12 illustrates a still further modification wherein a channel 23
extends along the complete length of the bracket for the purpose of
receiving a tying wire, or the like. The channel 23 extending throughout
the complete length of the bracket may be replaced by corresponding
channels in the locations indicated by indentations 20 and 21 in FIG. 10.
Holes, slots, grooves, or the like may be used in the rear surfaces of the
embodiments of FIGS. 9-12 to improve adhesion to the tooth, especially for
direct bonding.
FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate side and front views, respectively, of a further
modification of the invention wherein the arch wire receiving channel 23'
is oriented in an angular relation relative to the bracket. A ligature
receiving channel 29 extends along the bottom of the bracket. The complete
arch wire receiving channel 23', including first and second portions 24
and 25, respectively, may be angulated as illustrated in FIG. 13.
Alternatively, the first arch wire receiving portion 24 (for use as a
light wire bracket may be oriented vertically relative to the remainder of
the bracket, while the second portion 25 of the arch wire receiving
opening is angulated, as shown in FIG. 15. The angulated arch wire
receiving openings 25, for use as an edgewise bracket, may be provided at
any desired angle in order to provide a pre-torque to the arch wire for
torquing a tooth. The arch wire may be retained in the arch wire receiving
opening 25 by means of pins such as those shown in FIGS. 5-8, or a
matching pre-torque pin 30, such as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. The arch
wire receiving channel 31 of the pin 30 is angulated to correspond to the
angle of arch wire receiving channel 25 of FIGS. 13 and 15 so as to
positively retain an arch wire againt the arch wire receiving shelf 26.
The width "d" of bottom projecting portion 32 of the pin 30 corresponds
preferably to the width of the slot 18 (see FIG. 3). This is to retain the
pin relatively snugly in the bracket in the longitudinal direction
thereof.
If it is desired to use a smaller arch wire in the arch wire receiving
opening 25, then a pin such as that shown in FIG. 18 may be used. The pin
of FIG. 18 is dimensioned so as to substantially fill the arch wire
receiving opening 25 of the bracket, the arch wire being dimensioned to be
snugly received within the arch wire receiving opening 33. The arch wire
receiving opening 33 may be perpendicular to the bottom leg 34 of the pin
(so as to be usable with a bracket such as that shown in FIGS. 1-4) or may
be angulated to correspond to the angulation of arch wire receiving
opening 25 in FIGS. 13 and 15. The angulation of the arch wire receiving
opening may be different from that of the bracket arch wire opening--the
pin retaining the arch wire in position. The bottom leg 34 of the pin is
bent over after insertion into the bracket so as to retain the pin
relative to the bracket.
The angulation of the arch wire receiving opening 33 of the pin of FIG. 18
may be in any direction. The angulation may be single (in one direction)
or compound (in more than one direction), as discussed for example in
connection with FIGS. 45-47.
FIG. 19 illustrates a further modification of the present invention wherein
the side walls 47, 48 of the second arch wire receiving channel portion 45
are substantially vertical and the shelf walls 46 are angulated. The first
arch wire receiving portion 44 is similar to that shown in FIG. 2. In use,
the embodiment of FIG. 19 can receive a rectangular arch wire snugly
between opposing walls 47, 48 and the arch wire is retained in a
substantial horizontal-vertical orientation to the retention thereof by
vertical walls 47, 48. The bracket of FIG. 19 can be used as a pre-torque
bracket by using a slightly smaller rectangular wire which may tilt within
the arch wire receiving opening 45 and lie on angulated shelf surface 46.
A pin, preferably a pre-troque pin such as those shown in FIGS. 16, 17 and
18, is preferably used to retain the arch wire in a pre-torque condition
against angulated shelf 46. A pre-torque pin can be used, of course, with
a straight or angulated bracket channel.
In the embodiments of FIGS. 13, 14, 15 and 19, instead of pins to retain
the arch wires in position, the arch wires may be tied by means of
ligature wire, or the like, similar to the manner in which rectangular
arch wires are tied to conventional edgewise brackets.
FIG. 20 illustrates a further modification of the invention wherein the
rear wall 50 is higher than the front wall 51. The first arch wire
receiving portion 54 (for use as a light wire bracket) has an arch wire 52
received therein. Instead of the arch wire 52 bearing against the bearing
surface 57 of the bracket, a special pin 58 (shown in side elevation in
FIG. 20) is inserted in the pin receiving slot 18 of the bracket. The pin
58 has an upper arch wire retaining projection 59 and a lower arch wire
retaining projection 60 having a pointed upper surface 61. A substantially
pointed upper surface 61 of the projection 60 of the pin 58 serves as the
"point contact" for the light wire bracket. The internal bracket portion 8
(FIG. 1), 28, (FIG. 14) may be widened and made bulkier in order to
provide stronger connection between the front and rear portions of the
bracket so that a plastic, ceramic, or the like bracket may be stronger.
Moreover, it is not necessary to provide the approximate point contact 7
(FIG. 3), 27 (FIG. 14) since the point contact may be provided by the
point 61 of the pin 58.
FIG. 21 illustrates a further modification of the invention wherein the
arch wire receiving opening 83 has a first portion 84 similar to first
portion 4 of FIG. 2 for using the bracket as a light wire bracket, and a
second portion 85 for using the bracket as an edgewise-type bracket. The
bracket further has a shelf portion 86 which is angulated relative to the
horizontal. The second arch wire receiving opening 85 further has notch
portions 87, 88 in the sides thereof for receiving an angulated arch wire
89 (shown in cross-section in FIG. 21). The width of the arch wire 89
substantially corresponds to the width "x" of the upper portion of the
arch wire receiving channel 85. Therefore, when the arch wire 89 is placed
in the channel 85 in the normal manner, it will remain with its side walls
vertical and its top and bottom walls substantially horizontal. In order
to provide a pre-torque to the arch wire 89, the arch wire may be forcibly
snapped to an angulated orientation such as shown in FIG. 21 so that its
left-hand upper corner snaps under the upper portion of the notch 87 and
the right-hand lower corner of the wire is displaced into the notch 88.
When the arch wire is released in this pre-torqued condition, it remains
locked in the pre-torqued condition in the notch 87, for example as shown
in FIG. 21. The notches may be substantially as shown in FIG. 21, may be
pointed as shown in FIG. 22, or may take any other suitable shape.
The vertical walls of the arch wire receiving channel portion 85 of FIGS.
21 and 22 may be made angulated, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 15. Retaining
pins may be used to further aid in retaining the arch wire in place, the
retaining pins taking any of the forms previously described and suitably
shaped and dimensioned to retain the arch wire in position.
A pin of FIGS. 23 or 24 may be used to enhance retention of the arch wire
in FIGS. 21 and 22. When using the pins of FIG. 23 or FIG. 24, the upper
notches 87,87' may be omitted since the pins, with inclined surfaces
80,81', will retain the arch wire in position.
FIGS. 25 and 26 illustrate perspective and side views, respectively, of an
embodiment of the invention fabricated in metal. In FIGS. 25 and 26,
dimples or projections 90 spaced along the length of the arch wire
receiving opening 93 serve as the "shelf" 6, for example of FIGS. 1-4, on
which the arch wire rests when the bracket is used as an edgewise-type or
heavy wire-type bracket. The front portion 92 of the bracket preferably
has a step 94 formed therein on which a heavy wire may rest, similarly as
in FIGS. 1-4. In some instances the dimples 90 may be omitted and the step
94 can provide sufficient support for an arch wire. The step 94 may be
omitted in favor of dimples 90, or both may be provided as shown in FIGS.
25 and 26. Alternately the step or shelf 94 may be stamped in.
As seen in a front view of FIG. 27, the dimples 90 on the rear portion 91
of the bracket may be at different levels, so as to provide an angulated
"shelf". The steps 94' may also be at corresponding different levels. As
seen in FIG. 28, the dimples 90 may be on different levels than steps 94"
to provide an angulated bracket similar in effect to that shown in FIG.
19. The brackets of FIGS. 25-28 may also include notches, such as notches
87, 88, 87' and 88' shown in FIGS. 21 and 22. In the metal configuration,
it is not necessary to provide as large a central bracket portion 8 (FIG.
1), 28 (FIG. 14) since metal has sufficient strength and resistance to
breakage without the provision of such large connecting portions between
the front 92 and rear 91 portions of the bracket.
FIG. 29 illustrates a further modification of the present invention wherein
a further step 95 is machined or otherwise formed in the rear portion of
the bracket to substantially serve the same purpose as the dimples 90 of
FIGS. 25-28. The shelf 95 may be machined in, for example, by a grinding
operation on the rear portion 91 of the bracket. The shelf 95 may be
formed at the same level as the shelf 94 or at a different level,
similarly as in FIG. 28, or may be inclined to provide a similar effect as
shown in FIG. 27.
FIG. 30 illustrates a further modification of the invention wherein a side
wall 96 (see FIG. 25) has an integral tab portion 97 extending therefrom
and which is bent around and upwardly as illustrated in FIG. 30. The tab
97 has, preferably, a rounded or sharp upper end 98 which serves as the
contact point of the light wire bracket. The tab preferably has a width
"t" (see FIGS. 25 and 26) so that the tab 97 is as wide as the width of
the channel which receives the light wire. This is a particularly
advantageous construction since the complete bracket may be made from bent
metallic material as a unitary integral structure, since the end 98 of tab
97 will provide a highly desired point contact to provide improved results
in the light wire orthodontic technique. The tab 97 may be provided, for
example, in any of the embodiments of FIGS. 25-29.
FIGS. 31, 32 and 33 are perspective, sectional and side views,
respectively, of a further bracket of the present invention which may be
advantageously machined or otherwise formed from metallic material, such
as bar stock. The rear portion 100 of the bracket has a shelf or ledge 101
formed therein, for example by grinding the front portion of the rear
portion 100. The front portion 102 has a shelf or ledge 103 formed therein
which also may be formed by grinding, for example the same grinding
operation that is used to form shelf 101. The front and rear portions are
interconnected by central connecting portions 104,105 which also serve as
the contact points for a light arch wire when the bracket is used in the
light wire technique. The upper surfaces of portions 104,105 may be sharp
or otherwise substantially pointed so as to provide a better "point
contact" for a light arch wire. Alternatively, one of the central members
104,105 may be made higher than the other and preferably with a sharp or
rounded point to provide a still further improved "point contact" for a
light arch wire. The bracket further comprises a rear opening channel 106
for accommodating a locking pin, such as those pins discussed previously
or which are otherwise well known in the art.
While the front portion 102 is shown as being not as wide as the rear
portion 100, it should be clear that the front portion may be made wider,
as desired. Also, the width and height of connecting members 104,105 may
be varied, as desired, depending upon materials used and the application
of the bracket. The ledges or steps 101,103 may be inclined, for example
as shown in FIG. 27, or may be at different levels, for example as shown
in FIG. 28.
In fabricating the bracket of FIGS. 31-33, the bar stock may already have
the connecting portions 104,105 formed therein so that the bar stock looks
substantially like an "I" beam. After the bar stock is cut in sections,
for example along lines 107,108, a grinding wheel, for example, can be
passed in a direction into the paper in FIG. 33 to simultaneously form
ledges 101, 103 and cut out the central portion of the bracket so as to
form the light wire receiving opening 109. In a second operation, the rear
pin-receiving channel 106 can be formed by a grinding or other machining
operation. The pin-receiving slot 106 may be formed in the bar stock
before cutting into sections, after cutting into sections or before
machining of the ledges 101,103.
Alternatively, the brackets of FIGS. 31-33 can be made by extrusion of
elongated sections which are later cut up into individual bracket. The
extrusion can be horizontally or vertically. In either case, later
machining is carried out to form the structural features which could not
be formed during extrusion. For example, vertical extrusion would result
in "bar stock" similar to that discussed immediately hereinabove.
FIGS. 34 and 35 are perspective and left side views, respectively, of an
embodiment which is suitable for manufacture from stamped and bent
metallic sheet material. The bracket is a unitary, integral metallic
structure. The bracket of FIGS. 34 and 35 comprises rear portions 110,111
which are integral with intermediate portions 112,113, respectively. Rear
portion 111 is connected to intermediate portion 113 through an integral
connecting portion 114. Rear portion 110 is connected to intermediate
portion 112 with an integral connecting portion 115. A front portion 116
interconnects the remote ends of intermediate portions 112,113 and forms
the front of the bracket. Rear portions 110,111 are adapted to be secured
to a tooth, either directly, or through the intermediate of bands or other
interconnecting devices. Rear portions 110,111 may have holes therein, or
the like, for "direct bonding" use. The upper surfaces 117,118 of
connecting members 114,115, respectively serve as the "point contact"
means for a light wire technique. One of the edges 117,118 may be formed
higher than the other to improve the sharpness of the "point contact"
and/or one of the interconnecting members 114,115 may have a lower tab 119
which is bent upwardly to form the point contact surface in a manner
similar to the tab 97 of FIG. 30. The intermediate portions 112,113 may
have dimples or projections formed therein to serve the purposes of the
steps, shelves or dimples previously described, and the rear portions
110,111 preferably has similar dimples or projections 121 formed therein
either opposing dimples or projections 120 or at a different level
therefrom. The side view of FIG. 35 is enlarged with respect to FIG. 34
for clarity. FIGS. 34 and 35 are line drawings for ease of illustration.
It should be clear, however, that the members 110-118 have thickness. For
example, the bracket may be fabricated of a bent stamped piece of metal
which is, for example about 0.015 inches thick. If thick metal is used, it
is possible to grind a portion of the facing surfaces of rear portion
110,111 and intermediate portion 112,113 to form steps or ledges, such as
those shown in FIG. 31, in place of the dimples or projections 120,121.
In any of the embodiments of the bracket of the present invention, the
shelf or step for supporting the rectangular arch wire or heavy arch wire
may be formed at the same level as the "point-contact" surface which is
used in practicing the light wire technique. Such an embodiment is shown,
for example in FIG. 36. The FIG. 36 embodiment is a modification of the
embodiments of FIGS. 25 and 29.
FIG. 37 is a side view of a modification of the bracket of FIGS. 31-33 with
the point contact surface 39 at the same level as the steps or ledges
101,103. In the FIG. 37 embodiment, the ledges or steps 101,103 preferably
extend the complete width of the bracket. It should be clear that the
other brackets of the present invention may be appropriately modified so
that the point contact surface and the ledges, dimples or projection,
etc., are at the same level.
FIG. 38 illustrates a modified pin of the present invention which has
serrations 130 on a lower surface portion of leg 132. The serrations
preferably engage corresponding serrations or a projection on the
associated surface or surfaces of a pin receiving channel 10 in the
bracket so as to more securely retain the pin in the bracket. Pins having
a serrated lower side surfaces 130, such as shown in FIG. 38, may be made
of plastic and substantially eliminate the prior requirement of bending
over the bottom of the pin after insertion in the channel so as to retain
the pin in the channel of the bracket. The serrations 130 may project
slightly from the side surfaces of the pin and may be slightly oversized
relative to the pin receiving opening 10. In this case, the serrations can
be easily forced through the pin receiving opening 10 and may "snap" over
the lower surface of the bracket as the lower end of the pin projects out
of the bottom of the bracket. This makes it difficult to remove the pin in
the upward direction. The serrations may be replaced by projections
serving the same purpose or the like. FIG. 39 illustrates a typical
channel opening, such as opening 10 of FIG. 3, having serrations 131
therein for engaging the serrations 130 of the pin of FIG. 38. The
serrations 130 may be on the rear surfaces 132, for example of the pin
and/or the side surface or surfaces as shown in FIG. 38. Corresponding
serrations or engagement means may then be provided in the pin receiving
channel. The pin of FIG. 38, after insertion in a channel, will be
difficult to remove in the upward direction.
The pins discussed above in relation to FIGS. 38 and 39 may be conveniently
removed by clipping the top of the pin off and then pulling the pin
downwardly through the channel in the direction of movement which is
permitted by the ratchet or serrated surfaces, projections or the like.
Other roughened or engaging surfaces for retention of the pin in the pin
receiving opening may be provided in place of the serrated or ratchet-type
surfaces illustrated in FIGS. 38 and 39.
FIG. 40 illustrates a further pin of the present invention having a
stabilizing projection 140 extending, for example, from the rear surface
thereof. The stabilizing projection may be received in, for example, a
slot 141 formed in a bracket, such as shown in FIG. 41. The projection 140
preferably snugly and frictionally fits within the slot 141 to firmly lock
the pin in position. This arrangement is particularly suitable for use
with pins which are narrower than the width of the channel in which they
are to be placed. This prevents the pin from moving in the mesially-distal
direction. The projection 140 and receiving slot 141 technique can be used
with any of the pins described herein in any of the brackets described
herein, in any combination. The projection 140 and corresponding slot 141
can be used in combination with a serrated or ratchet-type arrangement of
FIGS. 38 and 39, the projection 140 serving to prevent mesial-distal
movement and the serrations or ratchet surfaces serving to prevent
movement of the pin in the longitudinal direction of the shank of the pin.
Preferably, the projection 140 is tapered so that its upper wider end 142
may be more advantageously received in a frictional engagement in the slot
or opening 141 of the brac | | |
