A personal liquid chemical agent detector incorporating a sensor which changes resistance in response to contact with liquid, first and second switches which function as pins for attaching the detector to the wearer and as electrical switches, a battery, a resistor, and a detector and alarm circuit. A conductor incorporating a resin, conductive flakes and dye crystals selected which are solvent in selected chemical agents. A conductive paint incorporating a resin, conductive flakes a dye solution including one or more volatile solvents and a plasticizer. The invention overcomes the problem of requiring additional switches for manual testing of the detector and battery prior to use and for disconnecting the battery after use at times the detector is removed by the wearer. The invention further overcomes the problem of independent verification of detection by providing a conductor with concurrent electrical and visual appearance responses to selected chemical agents absorbed by the conductor.

An explosion-proof gas sensor has a measuring element (2), which generates a measured signal that depends on the concentration of the measured gas and is delimited against the environment by means of a porous, gas-permeable and sintered metal body (7). The sintered metal body (7) has a high mechanical stability, so that the use of additional components, which hinder the diffusion of the gas to be measured into the gas sensor and thus prolong the response time of the gas sensor, can be eliminated.

A synchronization circuit synchronizes the transfer of pointer values from a transmitting circuit operating in a first clock domain to a receiving circuit operating in a second clock domain, wherein the first clock domain and the second clock domain are mutually asynchronous. An input latch operating in response to a first synchronization signal generated in the first clock domain transfers a pointer value to a latched pointer bus. The first synchronization signal is provided as an input to a synchronization section which generates a second synchronization signal in the second clock domain. The second synchronization signal enables an output latch to transfer the pointer value on the latched pointer bus to an output bus. The pointer value on the output bus is thus synchronized in the second clock domain. The second synchronization signal is then provided as an input to a synchronization section which generates the first synchronization signal in the first clock domain. The first synchronization signal initiates the transfer of the next pointer value to the latched pointer bus. The synchronization circuit operates alternately to generate the first synchronization signal in the first clock domain and the second synchronization signal in the second clock domain to latch a pointer value onto the latched pointer bus in the first clock domain and to output the pointer value from the latched pointer bus in the second clock domain.