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This invention relates to a device for the storage and delivery of
chemicals, requiring dilution, for in vivo use thereof.
Aqueous diluted chemicals for in vivo use are generally presterilized
endotoxin free solutions which require shipment and storage of large
volumes. As a result of the water bulk, there are storage problems, and in
addition, there are shelf-life considerations resulting from such
pre-dilution.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a device for
dilution and delivery of chemicals for in vivo use, with the diluent being
sterilized prior to delivery from the container for in vivo use thereof.
In this manner, an unsterilized diluent can be employed for dilution of
chemicals in the device.
More particularly, in accordance with the present invention, there is
provided a collapsible, disposable container for delivering diluted
chemicals for in vivo use which includes an inlet means and an outlet
means, with the container further including a combination adsorbent and
absolute filter for effecting sterilization and removal of endotoxins and
organic contaminants from the diluent prior to in vivo use thereof. The
combination of adsorbent and absolute filter may be in the container inlet
means, container outlet means or in the main storage portion of the
container. In this manner, when the chemicals are to be employed in a
diluted form for in vivo use, unsterilized diluent, of suitable quality,
which depending upon location may be domestic tap water, deionized water
or distilled water, is introduced into the container to effect dilution of
the chemicals, with such diluent contacting the adsorbent and absolute
filter prior to in vivo use thereof to thereby effect sterilization and
removal of endotoxins and organic contaminants. In this manner dry or
liquid concentrated chemicals can be diluted in the container with
dilution water prior to use of the chemicals to thereby eliminate the
storage and shipping problems resulting from the use of prediluted
chemicals.
The absolute filter employed in the device of the present invention is a
filter having a pore size of no greater than 0.45.mu. with the pore size
generally being in the range of from 0.10 to 0.25.mu.. The absolute filter
functions to remove solid contaminants from the diluted chemicals, with
such contaminants generally being bacteria, spores, and particulates, such
as sand, and other debris.
The adsorbent employed in the device of the present invention is generally
activated charcoal, zeolites, etc., with activated charcoal alone or in
combination with zeolites being preferred. The selection of a suitable
adsorbent is deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art
from the teachings herein. The adsorbent functions to separate from the
diluted chemicals low molecular weight organics, chloramines, chlorine,
pyrogens, virus, and odor producing materials.
The device of the present invention is particularly suitable for
administration of a peritoneal lavage solution; however, it is also
suitable for other in vivo uses. Thus, for example, the device may be
employed for medical applications including, but not limited to: acute
peritoneal dialysis; chronic peritoneal dialysis and parenteral solutions,
including intravenous drug administration; plasma extender administration;
Ringer's Lactate and similar I.V. solutions; intravenous feeding; and
other parenteral solutions requiring on-site mixture.
The invention will be further described with respect to embodiments thereof
illustrated in the accompanying drawing; however, the scope of the
invention is not to be limited thereby:
FIG. 1 is a simplified elevation view of an embodiment of the device of the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cartridge portion of the device of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a simplified isometric view of the packaged configuration of of
the device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a simplified elevation view of another embodiment of the device
of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simplified view of still another embodiment of the present
invention; and
FIG. 6 is a simplified view of yet a further embodiment of the device of
the present invention.
Referring now to the drawings, there is shown in FIG. 1 a device in
accordance with the invention which is comprised of a disposable,
collapsible container, in the form of a flexible bag 10, constructed of a
suitable material, such as a flexible polymer; e.g., plasticized polyvinyl
chloride, polyurethanes, etc. The bag 10 contains dry chemicals or a
concentrate thereof, schematically indicated as 11, with such chemicals
being suitable for subsequent in vivo use in a diluted form. The bag 10 is
of a size sufficient to hold the chemicals 11 in a water diluted state for
in vivio use thereof.
The bag 10 includes a suitable inlet means for introducing unsterilized
water, in the form of a filling port 12, which includes a removable cap
13. The top of the bag 10 is further provided with a suitable hanging tab
14 for hanging the bag, as known in the art, for delivery of diluted
chemicals.
The bag 10 includes an outlet means for delivery of water diluted chemicals
comprised of an outlet port 15 and a cartridge 16 which houses an
adsorbent-absolute filter combination for effecting sterilization of the
diluted chemicals and removal of endotoxins and organic contaminants. As
shown in FIG. 2, the cartridge 16 includes an inlet port 17 and an outlet
port 18, with the inlet portion of the cartridge including a suitable
adsorbent, such as activated charcoal, schematically indicated as 19, and
the outlet portion an absolute filter, designated as 21. It is to be
understood that the order of the adsorbent and absolute filter could be
changed, with the filter being placed in the inlet portion and the
adsorbent in the outlet portion; however, such an arrangement is less
preferred in that solid adsorbent particles may be included in the diluted
chemicals. Suitable delivery tubing 22 is connected to the outlet port 18
of cartridge 16 with the outlet of the delivery tubing 22 including a
suitable removable cap, designated as 23. A suitable removable pinch clamp
24 is employed to close communication between the outlet port 15 of the
bag 10 and the inlet port 17 of the cartridge 16.
A packaged configuration of the device of the present invention is shown in
FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 3, the bag 10 is wound around cartridge 16, with
the delivery tubing 22 then being wound around bag 10, whereby the device,
containing the undiluted chemicals has a small bulk.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment, the device of the present
invention is packaged with the dry or concentrated chemicals therein, with
the device being shipped in the packaged configuration shown in FIG. 3.
When the chemicals are to be diluted for in vivo use thereof, the bag may
be suitably hung through the hanger tab 14, as known in the art, and the
chemicals diluted to the appropriate concentration by the addition of
water through inlet port 13. The connecting tube 22 is then connected to a
suitable means for delivering the chemicals for in vivo use. Thus, for
example, in the case of peritoneal lavage, the tube 22 may be connected to
a peritoneal catheter. After the appropriate connection, the pinch clamp
24 is removed, and the appropriately diluted chemicals flow through the
cartridge 16 containing the adsorbent 19 and filter 21 to effect
sterilization and removal of endotoxin and organic contaminants for in
vivo delivery through the connecting tube 22.
It is to be understood that modifications of the hereinabove described
embodiment are possible in light of the above teachings. Thus, for
example, it is possible to ship the device without the dry chemicals or
concentrated chemicals being present therein. In such a case, the
chemicals would be added to the bag prior to the addition of water.
As a further modification, as shown in FIG. 4 of the drawings, the
cartridge containing the adsorbent and absolute filter can be placed in
the inlet means of the container whereby the aqueous diluent flows through
the adsorbent and absolute filter prior to being introduced into the main
portion of the container for dilution of the chemicals for subsequent in
vivo use.
A further modification of the device of the present invention is shown in
FIG. 5. As shown in FIG. 5, the device is comprised of a disposable,
collapsible container, in the form of a flexible bag 101 which includes an
inlet means 102 for introduction of unsterilized diluent, and an outlet
means 103. The outlet means 103 includes a pinch clamp 104 to close the
outlet 103.
The interior of the container 101 is divided into an inlet compartment 106
and an outlet compartment 107 by an absolute filter 105. The inlet
compartment includes the chemicals in dry or concentrated form which are
to be diluted for in vivo use, as well as the solid adsorbent.
In accordance with this embodiment, the water diluent is introduced through
the inlet means to effect dilution of the chemicals in inlet compartment
106, with the diluent contacting the adsorbent and flowing through the
absolute filter 105 into the outlet compartment 107 for delivering the
chemicals in diluted form for in vivo use through outlet means 103. Thus,
as with the embodiments of FIGS. 1 through 3 and FIG. 4, chemicals to be
employed for in vivo use in diluted form are diluted in the container by
the use of unsterilized water, of suitable quality, with sterilization
being effected prior to in vivo use thereof. As a result, it is possible
to provide the chemicals for in vivo use in undiluted form, with dilution
being effected immediately prior to use thereof.
In another modification, as shown in FIG. 6, ther is provided a collapsible
container 201, including a suitable outlet means 202, closed by a pinch
clamp 203 and an inlet means 204, with the inlet means 204 including a
cartridge 205 which houses an adsorbent-absolute filter combination for
effecting sterilization and removal of endotoxins and organic
contaminants, as well as storing chemicals for in vivo use. As shown, the
cartridge 205 includes an inlet 206, a prefilter 207, chemicals to be
diluted for in vivo use 208, an adsorbent 209 and an absolute filter 211.
In accordance with this embodiment, water introduced into the cartridge
205 through the inlet 206 flows through prefilter 207, and mixes with the
chemicals 208 to effect dissolution thereof. The diluted chemicals then
flow through adsorbent 209 and absolute filter 211 into the container 201
for subsequent delivery for in vivo use through outlet 202. As with the
previously described embodiments, the chemicals can be stored in undiluted
form, with dilution of the chemicals being effected prior to use thereof
with unsterilized water, with the diluent being sterilized for in vivo use
by passage through the adsorbent and absolute filter.
The above modifications and others should be apparent to those skilled in
the art from the teachings herein.
The present invention is considered to be particularly advantageous in that
it permits shipping and storage of chemicals to be employed in vivo
without dilution thereof, with the subsequent dilution of the chemicals
being easily effected by the use of unsterilized water at the site of use.
The device provides for sterilization and removal of contaminants prior to
in vivo use thereof. Moreover such a result is achieved with a completely
disposable unit, which can be provided at low cost.
Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible
in light of the above teachings and, therefore, within the scope of the
appended claims, the invention may be practised otherwise than as
particularly described.
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