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Description  |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to storage and dispensing cabinets with particular
reference to improvements in restricted pharmaceutical after-hours
cabinets.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
In the absence of primary hospital pharmacy availability, after-hours
locked door medication stations afford restricted access to medical
supplies. Heretofore, however, inventory control and personal
accountability for removal of items have lacked thoroughness.
While the customary limited distribution of cabinet keys may avoid
unauthorized access to after-hours pharmacy cabinets, prior art
handwritten or similar documentation of pharmaceutical removal has been
subject to failure of timely and/or accurate drug accountability and, at
best, is tedious and overly time consuming to reconcile.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide for secure
storage of medications with controlled access and reliable accountability
for items dispensed.
Another object is to provide for automatic documentation of items dispensed
with date and time of removal and identification of recipient.
Still another object is to render medication selection quick, easy and
accurate with an assurance of first-in, first-out turnover of inventory.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the
following discription.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The foregoing objects and corollaries are accomplished by provision of a
locked cabinet containing a medicine rack comprised of rows of
horizontally and vertically aligned juxtapositioned cubicles each adapted
to receive a stack of prepackaged pharmaceuticals. Arrangement is made for
one at a time, bottom only, ejection of packages of respective stacks
wherewith first item in, first item out turnover of inventory may be
assured by top loading of replacement stock.
Access to the cabinet is restricted to holders of electrically readable
keys permitting door opening which exposes package push-out orifices.
These orifices are aligned with ejectable bottom packages of respective
stacks.
With an available probe and identification of medicines provided adjacent
each push-out orifice, selected packages are pushed from their supporting
cubicles into a fall space and retrieval tray.
Automatic identification of ejected packages is accomplished with vertical
and horizontal electrical switch operating vanes, one extending vertically
across each vertical row of superimposed cubicles and one across each
horizontal row of cubicles. With entrance of the probe through a push-out
orifice into a selected cubicle, a corresponding vertical vane is
mechanically displaced for activation of its electrical switch. Pushing of
the pharmaceutical package into the cabinet fall space mechanically
displaces the corresponding horizontal vane and activates its electrical
switch. All vertical and horizontal vane switches are electrically
interconnected with electrical discriminating means having a date and time
recording function which, in turn, activates a tape printer for recording
the vertical and horizontal vane operation, i.e. identifying cubicle
location.
Cabinet door opening and closing by electrical key reading is recorded
whereby automatic inventory control and provision for reconciliation of
drug usage is afforded.
Details of the invention will become more readily apparent from the
following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings.
IN THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an illustration, in perspective, of a preferred embodiment of the
present pharmaceutical cabinet;
FIG. 2 is a view of the cabinet taken with outer doors open for access to
an operating panel and stock retrieval tray;
FIG. 3 is a similar view of the cabinet with outer and inner doors open for
stock replacement;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary vertical cross-sectional view of a portion of the
cabinet taken approximately along line 4--4 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary partially cross-sectioned view taken generally
along line 5--5 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is another fragmentary cross-sectional view taken approximately
along line 6--6 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is still another fragmentary view of a portion of the cabinet taken
from line 7--7 of FIG. 6 and looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary rear elevational view of a main cabinet door
illustrating a portion of its latch and lock mechanism;
FIG. 9 illustrates, in schematic fashion, the cabinet security and drug
documenting features of the present invention; and
FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary form of taped documentation of present
cabinet use.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the drawings, cabinet 10 comprises main supporting shell 11
having outer doors 12 (FIGS. 1 and 2) and inner doors 14, (FIGS. 2 and 3)
respectively providing outer and inner cabinet closures. Shell 11 is
preferably formed of sheet metal.
The opening of outer doors 12 provides access to stock selection and
dispensing panels 16, stock retrieval tray 18 and supply drawers 20.
Panels 16, being forward components of inner doors 14, are hinged to an out
of the way position when inner doors 14 are opened to expose stock rack 22
(FIG. 3).
Rack 22, preferably formed of sheet metal is provided with a multiplicity
of vertically and horizontally aligned rows of juxtapositioned cubicles
24. Cubicles 24 are of width, height and depth dimensions precontrolled to
each intimately support a vertically stacked array of packages 26 usually
filled with identical pharmaceuticals.
Each cubicle 24, while being completely forwardly open as shown in FIG. 3
for restocking, is provided with a rearward barrier 28 (FIGS. 5 and 7)
permitting bottom package dispensing only into retrieval tray 18.
Accordingly, by proper top loading of cubicles 24, a first package in,
first package out turnover of inventory may be assured.
Access to inner door operating panels 16 of cabinet 10 is restricted by
outer door electrical key reading means and selective key assignment.
Key slot 30 (FIG. 1) receives electrically readable key 32 (FIG. 9) which,
when fully entered into slot 30, is received by key reader 34 located
internally of outer door 12. Key reader 34 may be of any commercially or
otherwise available form. One such item is model K 107 which is available
from Facit Addo Inc. of Greenwich, Connecticut.
Upon insertion of key 32 into slot 30, reader 34 activates main electrical
control unit 36 having a date and time keeping function which, in turn,
activates suitable recording means such as tape printer 38. Paper tape
printing means suitable for the purpose of this invention is Olivette
Model Number PV 1100 supplied by Olivetti Corporation of America,
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
FIG. 10 illustrates a typical recording tape 40 and manner of displaying
(printing) data which fulfills the requirements of this invention.
With reader 34 identifying the particular key 32 used (i.e. assigned
operator number), the date, time and operator number are recorded, e.g. as
depicted at the top of FIG. 9.
Simultaneously, or with delay if desired, control unit 36 responds to the
use of key 32 by energizing solenoid 42 (FIG. 8) which releases latch 44
from latch plate 46. By such means, latch plate 46 may be rotated
clockwise as viewed in FIG. 8 by handle 50 (FIG. 1) to withdraw locking
bars 52 and 54 from respective upper and lower locking slots 56 and 58 in
cabinet shell 11. Nut 48 fastens plate 46 to handle 50. This allows outer
doors 12 to be opened as illustrated in FIG. 2 giving access to operating
panels 16 for selection and dispensing of desired stock.
Referring more particularly to FIGS. 2, 4, 5 and 6, it will be seen that
operating panels 16 are provided with rows of circular openings each
fitted with a bushing 60 through which a provided probe 62 (FIGS. 4 and 5)
may be inserted for ejection of selected packages 26. To this end, each
bushing 60 is approximately centrally aligned with a respective
package-emitting opening 64 (FIG. 4) in stock rack 22. Thus, by pushing
probe 62 through bushing 60, it is guided into engagement with the
lowermost package 26 in a particular cubicle 24 and forces this package
out of rack 22 into fall space 66 therebehind as shown with broken line
illustration in FIG. 4. Fall space 66 extends downwardly to retrieval tray
18 (FIG. 2) where selected and ejected packages 26 may be reached by the
operator.
Retraction and/or removal of probe 62 permits the next package 26 to drop
to a position for ejection through opening 64, and so on until the cubicle
is emptied.
Automatic detection and recording of locations of particular cubicles
probed, i.e. for identification of packages so dispensed, is accomplished
electro-mechanically as follows:
Behind operating panels 16 of inner doors 14, and aligned directly
forwardly of each vertical row of superimposed cubicles 24, is a vertical
(Y axis) probe sensing vane 68 (FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9). Vanes 68, biased
by springs 70, normally assume the positions illustrated in FIG. 6 and are
supported on rods 72.
In the aforesaid normal position, leg 74 of each vane engages and holds
closed the actuating pin 76 of a microswitch 78 or its equivalent (see
FIGS. 4 and 5).
Upon insertion of probe 62 into a selected bushing 60, however, the
corresponding vertical vane 68 is engaged and caused to rotate on its
pivot rod 72 thereby releasing switch pin 76 of microswitch 78 (see FIG. 4
and broken line illustration in FIG. 5).
Each of microswitches 78, being in electrical circuit with control unit 36,
cause activation of unit 36 when pin 76 is so released. This affords
electrical detection of the particular vertical row of bushings 60 being
probed and consequently the particular row of cubicles 24 being probed.
Together with the foregoing, detection of the particular horizontal row of
bushings 60 and cubicles 24 being probed is automatically sensed as
follows:
Rearwardly of rack 22 and aligned with each horizontal row of package
emitting openings 64 is a horizontal (X axis) vane 80 (see FIGS. 6, 7 and
9). Vanes 80 are pivotally mounted in rack 22 upon rods 82 and are
provided with depending tabs 84 which normally partially obstruct a
portion of each aligned cubicle opening 64. Being gravity held with tabs
84 normally obstructing openings 64 and/or otherwise so biased, movement
of a pharmaceutical package 26 through one of openings 64 causes
engagement and rotation of a corresponding vane 80, e.g. as illustrated in
FIG. 4. This actuation of a vane 80 is electrically sensed by control unit
36 in the following manner.
Adjacent one end of each of horizontal vanes 80 there is fixedly mounted a
photoelectric switch 86 (FIGS. 4, 6 and 7) and a flag 88 rotatable with
the vane. A suitable switch 86 may comprise Monsanto Model MA-8 supplied
by Monsanto Commercial Products Company, Palo Alto, California.
Microswitches similar to switches 78 may, alternatively, be used.
Rotation of a vane 80 as illustrated in FIG. 4, by movement of a package 26
into fall space 66, causes flag 88 to interrupt the beam of switch 86 and
activate control unit 36. Together with activation of control unit 36 by a
particular one of vertical vanes 68, location of the X-Y position of the
particular cubicle 24 probed is electrically established and recorded by
printer 38 in preselected code form, e.g. as illustrated in FIG. 10.
Labelling or otherwise identifying cubicles 24 according to the print-out
code provides for accountability of packages dispensed.
For ease and clarity of illustration, only one each of switches 78 and 86
and corresponding vanes 68 and 80 have been shown in FIG. 9. It should be
understood, however, that the invention incorporates one switch 78 and
vane 68 for each vertical row of cubicles 24 and one switch (or optical
interruptor) and vane 80 for each horizontal row of cubicles 24.
It is also pointed out that control unit 36 may comprise any of various
combinations and arrangements of commercially available electrical and/or
electronic components, the selection and circuitry of which is well within
the skills of any artisan required to provide for the aforesaid control
unit function.
While control unit 36 and printer 38 components may be placed in any
convenient location in cabinet 10, it is presently contemplated that
compartment 90 (FIGS. 2 and 3) will serve this purpose.
Below and to one side of compartment 90 are drawers 20 which may be used
for bulk storage, e.g. of medications and related items too large for
packages 26. With conventional microswitches 94 (FIG. 10) placed within
respective drawer spaces, the opening of one or more of drawers 20 will be
electrically sensed by control unit 36 and recorded by printer 38.
To the extent thus far described, cabinet 10 requires electrically readable
keys for entrance to its operating panels 16 and drawers 20 with such
entrance being automatically recorded, i.e. documented on tape 40.
Since it is not deemed necessary, or may not be desirable, to actuate
control unit 36 and printer 38 when replacing used stock and/or servicing
the recording and other cabinet equipment, separate outer door key lock 96
(FIG. 8) is provided.
Lock 96 (FIGS. 1 and 8) which may be of any conventional mechanical form
operates lever 98 which, in turn, releases latch 34. Lock 96 prevails over
key reader 34 and solenoid 32 permitting the opening of doors 12 without
activation of control unit 36.
Similar conventional mechanical locks 100 and 102 are provided on inner
doors 14 and compartment 90 giving the key holder (pharmacist) access to
stock rack 22 (FIG. 3) and compartment 90 without activation of control
unit 36 and printer 38. Door lock 100 may be in any convenient location
other than that illustrated.
Once used packages 26 and/or recording tape 40 are replaced and/or other
cabinet servicing is completed, latch plate 46 is returned to its locked
position with closing of doors 12. At this point, microswitch 104, having
been actuated by the opening of doors 12, is returned to its initial
position which renders unit 36 ready for operation of the above-described
key reader locking system.
While the foregoing description has emphasized the utility of cabinet 10 as
an after-hours medication station, it should be understood that, as a
supply cabinet, it has various uses outside the hospital pharmacy/drug
environment. For example, it may be used to control office or other
supplies requiring accountability.
Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that there are various
other forms and adaptations of the present invention which may be made to
suit particular requirements.
Accordingly, the foregoing illustrations are not to be Interpreted as
restrictive of the invention beyond that necessitated by the following
claims.
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