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Description  |
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to solar collectors including fluid
conduits housed in cavities defined between opposed corrugated surfaces.
In its particular aspects, the present invention relates to a corrugated
solar collector in which integral solar energy absorbing elements are
provided in certain of the cavities, each element including a series of
side-by-side conduits and side margins on which are formed bead means
which lie within and engage the adjoining cavities.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Heretofore, generally horizontal roof panels for the collection of solar
radiant energy have been constructed by housing parallel rigid black water
conduits in cavities defined between opposed translucent corrugated
surfaces or plates. In such a construction, because of intimate contact
between the conduits and the lower corrugated surface or plate, thermal
insulation has been required between the lower plate and the roof to
reduce heat leakage. While a flanged rigid solar energy absorbing element
carrying a plurality of black water conduits has heretofore been housed
centrally between a pair of opposed channel-shaped windows in a single
cavity solar collector, for the purpose of being thermally isolated from
the windows, such a construction would not be amenable for use between
opposed corrugated plates, because of great expense and difficulty of
assembly. The simultaneous assembly of a plurality of such elements in the
cavities defined between opposed corrugated surfaces is extremely
difficult because of the absence of means for longitudinally aligning the
elements in the cavities.
Furthermore, rigid thermal energy absorbing elements particularly of the
plastic type, have been difficult to utilize between opposed corrugated
surfaces, since any bow or warpage in said elements would lead to assembly
difficulties and lack of closing of adjoining cavities.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a solar collector
formed by solar energy absorbing elements lying centrally within elongated
cavities defined between opposed corrugated surfaces which elements have a
plurality of side-by-side water conduits and bead means for self locating
said elements longitudinally along said cavities.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide in a solar
collector housed between opposed corrugated plates, flexible and integral
solar energy absorbing elements including side-by-side conduits for water
and stretchable margins or flanges for supporting said elements centrally
within alternate cavities defined between the corrugated plates and
including bead means on said margins for sealably and lockably engaging
the empty cavities.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, the aforementioned and other objects of the present invention are
satisfied by providing a solar collector formed by opposed corrugated
translucent surfaces which define a plurality of side-by-side elongated
cavities. In a plurality of non-adjoining cavities are respectively
located a plurality of integral, elongated, black elastomeric, solar
energy absorbing elements. Thus, empty cavities adjoin on either side of
each cavity having a solar energy absorbing element. Each such element is
of substantially constant cross-section and includes a plurality of
side-by-side water conduits connected by narrow webs. Left and right
stretchable planar flanges or margins are directed respectively from the
left and right extreme conduits toward the empty adjoining cavities for
supporting the solar energy absorbing element centrally between the
corrugated surfaces. The left and right margins are terminated with
enlargements or beads which lie within and sealably engage the empty
adjoining cavities. The beads prevent convection currents between the
filled and empty cavities and maintain the solar energy absorbing elements
in longitudinal alignment with the cavities.
The plurality of solar energy absorbing elements may actually be one
continuous element which is alternately run back and forth through the
spaced apart cavities in a meandering path. A 180 degree bend between each
such run is accomplished by cutting off the flanges and beads and cutting
the webs to separate the plurality of conduits along the bend for
increased flexibility. This manner of construction inherently provides a
plurality of side-by-side meandering fluid paths through the solar
collector. Alternatively, fluid interconnections may be provided at the
end of each solar energy absorbing element to provide back and forth
series fluid paths through the conduits of each element.
Another feature of the present invention is that a corrugated reflector of
the same pitch as the corrugated plates defining the cavities, may be
utilized below the solar collector to reflect the solar energy passing
through the empty cavities upwards and sidewards to the rear of the filled
cavities.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent upon perusal of the following detailed description of the
preferred embodiments thereof when taken in conjunction with the appended
drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional front view of a first embodiment of the solar
collector of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the first embodiment of the solar collector of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a top view, similar to FIG. 2, but of a second embodiment of the
solar collector of the present invention; and
FIGS. 4 and 5 are front cross-sectional views similar to a portion of FIG.
1 but respectively of third and fourth embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring first to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing, the solar collector 8 of
the present invention is composed of solar energy absorbing elements 10
housed preferably in alternate cavities 12 defined between opposed similar
translucent corrugated top and bottom plastic plates or panels 14 and 16.
Panels 14 and 16 are preferably translucent fiberglass reinforced light
stabilized polyester modified with acrylic polymer to protect against the
wicking of moisture into the fiberglass, which might ultimately cause
delamination and opacity. Suitable panels are sold by Reichhold Reinforced
Plastic Division of Cleveland, Ohio under the trademarks
"alsynite/structoglas" and by the FILON Division of Vistron Corporation of
Hawthorne, Calif. For reasons that will become apparent as the dicussion
proceeds, the panels should preferably have a randomly depressed or
textured surface characterized by minute depressions on the order of
one-hundredth of an inch, at least on the sides of the panels that face
each other. Such surface is known as granitized.
Dimensionally, the panels 14 and 16 should preferably have a pitch on the
order of 21/2 or 22/3 inches, a depth ranging from 1/2 inch to 7/8 inch, a
thickness on the order of 1/32 inch to 1/16 inch, a length ranging from 8
to 12 feet and width ranging from 2 to 5 feet. The pattern of the
corrugation is preferably generally sinusoidal although triangular and
trapezoidal configurations are also useable. Furthermore, assymetric
patterns of corrugation may be utilized.
Each of the solar energy absorbing elements 10 comprise an integral
elastomeric member produced by extrusion so as to have a substantially
constant section. A suitable material for the element 10 is
ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) which is filled with carbon black
on the range of 10 to 50 percent by weight. The cross section of element
10 includes three side-by-side tubes 18a, 18b, 18c on the order of 3/8
inch inside diameter and 1/16 inch wall thickness. The central tube 18b is
respectively coupled to the leftmost tube 18a and the rightmost tube 18c
by a pair of integral thin cuttable webs 20. Also included in the
cross-section of each solar energy absorbing element 10 are a pair of
stretchable co-planar margins or flanges 22a, 22c, on the order of 1/16
inch thick and 1/2 inch wide, which are directed respectively from the
leftmost tube 18a and rightmost tube 18c to points just within the
adjoining empty cavities 24 where the margins 22a, 22c are terminated with
beads or enlargements 26, of generally circular cross section and on the
order of 1/4 inch to 3/8 inch in diameter. As will become apparent as the
discussion proceeds, the margins 22a, 22c and beads 26 support and
longitudinally align each solar energy absorbing element 10 centrally
within each cavity 12 with tubes 18a through 18c not contacting the panels
14 and 16.
In the assembly of the solar collector 8 of the present invention, the
solar energy absorbing elements 10 are laid centered in alternate valleys
of the bottom panel 16 with the margins 22a and 22c resting on the
corrugation peaks 28 on either side of the alternate valleys. The distance
between the pair of beads 26 and the diameters of the beads are so
dimensioned with respect to the pitch and depth of the panels, that when
the peaks 30 of the top panel 14 are pressed downward toward the peaks 28
of the bottom panel 16, the inclined sidewalls 32 of the adjoining empty
cavities 24 engage beads 26 causing the margin 22a, 22c to be transversely
stretched. This stretching action creates a force both holding the tubes
18a through 18c in side-by-side alignment and in longitudinal alignment
along the length of the cavities 12. In addition, beads 26 lockably and
substantially sealably engage the sidewalls 32 to prevent any convection
air currents between the filled cavities 12 and empty cavities 24. The top
and bottom panels 14, 16 are drawn and held together by means of a
plurality of screw and nut fasteners 34 which are conveniently located in
drilled holes (not shown) located at each of the opposed peaks 30, 28.
Furthermore, the ends of each filled cavity 12 are packed with silicone
rubber adhesive 35 surrounding the cross-section of conduits 18a through
18c to seal cavities 12, thereby preventing longitudinal convection
currents. A small weep hole (not shown) may be provided in each silicone
rubber seal 35, positioned to permit drainage of condensate. Since the
surface of sidewalls 32 is preferably randomly depressed or textured with
minute depressions, in the engagement between the beads 26 and sidewalls
32 a small amount of gaseous leakage through these depressions may occur
which also serves to alleviate the build-up of moisture vapor pressure due
to condensate.
A further feature of the present invention concerns the use of a corrugated
reflector panel 36, as of aluminum, which is of the same pitch as the
translucent panels 14, 16. The reflector panel 36 is located about 3
inches below the bottom panel 16 and is aligned with its corrugations
positioned the same as top panel 14. It will be noted by examination of
FIG. 1, rays 38 of solar radiant energy which pass downward directly
through the empty cavities 24 of the solar collector are reflected upwards
and sidewards toward the bottoms of the filled cavities 12.
In FIG. 2, there is illustrated a technique of providing each of the solar
energy absorbing elements 10 as the same continuous element. Therein, the
element 10 is run alternately back and forth through and along the length
of the alternate cavities 12 and 180 degree bends external of the cavities
12 are accomplished between each such run. To provide sufficient
flexibility in the area of each bend 40, the margins 22a, 22c are cut from
element 10 and the webs 20 are cut to provide that the three tubes 18a,
18b, 18c, can be separately trained. Insulation packed boxes 41 are
preferably provided along each end of the solar collector to cover the
bends 40. In this manner three parallel meandering fluid paths 42a, 42b,
42c are formed through the solar collector 8. These paths may be fed in
parallel by means of an input manifold 44 at one end of the continuous
element 10 and a similar output manifold (not shown) at the other end.
In FIG. 3, there is illustrated an alternate solar collector 46, having the
same cross-section as in FIG. 1, but distinguished from the solar
collector as shown in FIG. 2, by the utilization of the individual
elongated solar energy absorbing elements 10 which run the length of the
alternate cavities 12. By feeding tube 18a of the first element 10 from
one end at 48, providing a U-shaped connector 50 between tubes 18a and 18b
at the other end and a U-shaped connector 50 between tubes 18b and 18c at
the same end as 48, a fluid path 51 is set up which serially passes
through tubes 18a, 18b, and 18c. The other end of tube 18c of the first
element 10a is then coupled to the end of tube 18a of the second element
10b on the same side by means of tube 52 and elbows 54. Thereafter the
pattern of connection is repeated such that the fluid path 51 passes
serially through each tube 18 of each element 10. The insulation packed
boxes 41 are also utilized in this emobidiment to cover the tubes 52.
It should also be noted with regard to FIG. 2 that by replacing the input
manifold 44 with a U-shaped connector 50, between tubes 18b, 18c and the
output manifold with a U-shaped connector between tubes 18a, 18b, the
three fluid paths 42a, 42b, 42c can be placed in series.
FIGS. 4 and 5 respectively illustrate alternate solar energy absorbing
elements 56 and 58 which differ from element 10 only in the shape of the
bead. In FIG. 4, there are shown beads 60, each in the shape of arrows,
having opposed inwardly facing pointed edges 62 for a high degree of
locking action against side-walls 32. In FIG. 5, there are shown
crescent-shaped deformable beads 64, to allow the element 58 to cooperate
with panels 14, 16 having a range of pitches. The outward facing legs 66
of the crescent-shaped may be flexed toward each other such that each bead
64 assumes an effective diameter which sealably engages the sidewalls 32
while not interfering with the panels being drawn together.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been
described in particular detail it should be appreciated that numerous
additions to, and modifications and omissions in these details are
possible within the intended spirit and scope of the invention. For
example, while the solar collector has been described implicitly as being
horizontal, through the designation of plates 14 and 16 respectively as
"top" and "bottom", the collector might be used in an inclined or even
substantially vertical orientation.
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