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Description  |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a personal card comprising a carrier on which a
bit combination is stored which is intended to be recognized and which can
be read by an external electronic processing device in the activated
condition of contact means of a control device which is connected to the
electronic processing device.
The carrier of a known personal card of the kind set forth (British patent
specification No. 1,460,659) comprises a number of parallel electrical
conductors which are arranged in columns and which are either
interconnected or not interconnected at the area of a row or bit
combination by bridge elements of a mechanical or electrical nature. After
connection of a row to the electronic processing device by means of the
control device and the contact means, the personal card can be processed.
The various rows or bit combinations are read by connecting the rows
step-wise to the processing device by means of a mechanical transporting
device.
The wear of the known personal card is comparatively high due to the
mechanical transport of the bit combinations to the read position.
Reading, moreover, is time consuming in view of the mechanical transport.
The invention has for its object to provide a personal card whose wear is
comparatively low, and which can be quickly read and is also safeguarded
against so-called static electrical loading and unintentional application
of electrical voltages to the external connection.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To this end, a personal card in accordance with the invention is
characterized in that the bit combination is stored in an integrated
solid-state memory which is accommodated on the carrier and which is
isolated from its environment in the switched-off condition of a safety
switch which is accommodated on the carrier and which is connected
electrically in series with the memory, said memory being readable by the
external electronic processing device when the safety switch is switched
on by the control device and the external connection which is connected
electrically in series with the safety switch is contacted by the control
device.
The expression personal card has been used in the foregoing in a very broad
meaning. In its simplest form, the personal card is only a personal
identificaton means. However, the person card may alternatively be a
credit means or means for payment. It is also possible to realize access
to data banks by means of a personal card. A distinction can be made
between personal cards of the passive type and cards of the active type.
The personal card of the active type contains means for modifying and/or
processing data. A means of this kind may be, for example, a random access
read/write memory or a logic arithmetic circuit. The personal card of the
passive type contains, for example, only an electronic read-only memory
for identification. The personal card can be coupled to a central data
processing device, such as a central computer (on-line) or to a
decentralized data processing station (off-line).
A special embodiment of a personal card in accordance with the invention is
characterized in that the memory comprises a read-only memory and a random
access read/write memory. A personal card of this kind enables, for
example, a credit balance to be continuously updated, so that the personal
card can be used as a credit means.
A further embodiment of a personal card in accordance with the invention is
characterized in that the carrier comprises not only the read-only memory
and the read/write memory, but also a logic arithmetic circuit which can
be coupled to these memories. A personal card comprising its own
arithmetic facility enables, for example, extensive decentralization of
payment traffic.
A very special embodiment of a personal card in accordance with the
invention whose integrated circuits are protected against static
electrical charging and unintentional application of electrical voltages
to the external connection by means of a comparatively simple and cheap
safety switch is furthermore characterized in that the safety switch is
formed by a first electrical conductor which is rigidly arranged on the
carrier and which is separated by a separator of an electrically
insulating material from a second electrical conductor which is provided
on and which is covered by a flexible strip of an electrically insulating
material, it being possible to bring the second electrical conductor into
electrical contact with the first, rigidly arranged electrical conductor
through an opening in the separator.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the
drawing.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective plan view of a first embodiment of a
personal card in accordance with the invention,
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the personal card shown in FIG. 1 which
cooperates with a first control device,
FIG. 3 is a sectional view at an increased scale of a safety switch of the
personal card shown in FIG. 1 which cooperates with the first control
device,
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic perspective plan view of a second embodiment of a
personal card in accordance with the invention,
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the personal card shown in FIG. 4 which
cooperates with a second control device, and
FIG. 6 is a sectional view at an increased scale of a safety switch of the
personal card shown in FIG. 4 which cooperates with the second control
device.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
From the personal card 1 shown in the FIGS. 1 and 2 a number of parts which
are shown in FIG. 3 have been removed for the sake of simplicity, for
example, a supporting plate 3. The personal card 1 comprises a carrier 2
of an electrically insulating material on which an integrated circuit 4 is
provided. On the carrier 2 there are provided a number of electrical
conductors 5a-f which connect the integrated circuit 4 to a number of
safety switches 6a-f. The safety switches 6a-f are connected to six
external connections 7a-f provided on the carrier 2. The external
connections 7a-f are constructed in a manner customarily used for
connectors, i.e. they comprise a widened end portion. As is shown in FIG.
3, the conductors 5a-f as well as the external connections 7a-f terminate
in a cavity 8 on the side of the safety switches 6a-f which is situated
under a dome-shaped portion 30 of a flexible cover strip 9 of an
electrically insulating material. Between the flexible cover strip 9 and
the conductors 5a-f there is situated a separator strip 10 of an
electrically insulating material. A further strip 11 of an electrically
insulating material is situated between the cover strip 9 and the carrier
2. The dome-shaped portion 30 of the cover strip 9 and the strips 10 and
11 ensure that the ends 12 and 13 of the conductors 5a-f and the external
connections 7a-f, respectively, are situated at some distance from each
other at the area of the cavity 8. This so-called contact distance
prevents static charging or electrical voltages on the external
connections 7a-f from damaging the integrated circuit 4 in the
non-activated condition of the safety switches 6a-f. This is because the
wide end portions of the external connections 7a-f are not covered by the
cover strip 9. The cover strip preferably extends as far as over the
conductors 5a-f and the integrated circuit 4. The external connections
7a-f are connected to the cover strip 9 at the area of the safety switches
6a-f.
The integrated circuit which is diagrammatically shown in FIG. 1 in
principle always comprises a so-called integrated solid-state memory. As
has already been stated, this may be a read-only memory. If the integrated
circuit contains nothing further, the personal card serves exclusively for
the identification of the bit combination stored in the read-only memory
by the reading of the read-only memory and the subsequent granting of
given facilities to the holder of the personal card on the basis of the
identification performed. In addition to the read-only memory, the
integrated circuit may also comprise a random access read/write memory and
a logic arithmetic circuit which can be coupled to both memories. In an
embodiment of this kind, for example, a credit balance can be changed in
the positive or negative sense.
When used, the personal card is applied to an electronic processing device
of a type where electrical contact is made with the wide external
connections 7a-f by means of connectors which are known per se. For the
sake of simplicity, the drawing (FIG. 3) shows only the control device 14
connected to the electronic processing device. The control device 14
comprises a roller 15 of an electrically insulating, resilient material
which presses the ends 12 and 13 of the conductors 5a-f and the external
connections 7a-f against each other for all safety switches 6a-f
simultaneously (see also FIG. 2). At the instant at which said ends 12 and
13 are pressed against each other, therefore, the wide ends of the
external connections 7a-f are also connected to the electronic processing
device by means of a connector. Therefore, said contact means of the
control device 14 connected to the electronic processing device is formed
by the roller 15 which is activated when the ends 12 and 13 of the safety
switches 6a-f are pressed together. As has already been stated, the
electronic processing device may be a central data processing device such
as a central computer as well as a decentralized data processing station.
In the second embodiment of a personal card in accordance with the
invention which is shown in the FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 the separate external
connections 7a-f are missing. The external connections are in this case
combined with the safety switches 6a-f. Wherever possible, the same
reference numerals are used in the FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 as in the FIGS. 1, 2
and 3. As appears from FIG. 6, the safety switches 6a-f each comprise a
flexible, flat metal plate 7a-f, 13 which is situated at the contact
distance from and opposite the end 12 of the conductors 5a-f. The plates
7a-f have a circular shape. The cover strip 9 which is made of an
electrically insulating material is combined with the separator strip 10
to the left of the safety switches and with the further strip 11 to the
right of the safety switches. The cover strip 9 is interrupted at the area
of the metal plates 7a-f which do not project above the surface of the
cover strip 9. Instead of the roller 15 of the first embodiment of the
personal card, the second embodiment of the personal card comprises six
contact pins 16a-f. The contact pins 16a-f are accommodated in the control
device 14 and when the personal card is used, they press the metal plates
7a-f, 13 against the ends 12 of the conductors 5a-f. The electrical
connection to the electronic processing device (not shown for the sake of
simplicity) is thus also established.
The conductors 5a-f and the external connections 7a-f can be realized in
known manner, for example, by vapour deposition or by silkscreening.
Preferably, safety switches which are composed of layers are used. This
offers inter alia the advantage that the ends 12 and 13, forming part of
the safety switches 6a-f, of the conductors 5a-f and the external
connections 7a-f, respectivelycan be manufactured by means of the same
techniques. The safety switches are preferably of the mechanical type.
This means that the elements of such a switch which establish the
electrical contact can be made to contact each other by mechanical
pressure. In the non-activated condition, a given contact distance exists
between the contacting elements of the safety switch. This contact
distance is sufficiently large to prevent electrical breakdown due to
static charging or a voltage applied to the external connections.
Obviously, the areas where external pressure is exerted on the safety
switches may have any arbitrary shape, so they are not restricted to
circular areas.
A personal card has been described which comprises six external connections
7a-f, each of which comprises a safety switch 6a-f. Whenever external
connections are not connected to a vulnerable integrated circuit,
obviously, it is not necessary to provide the relevant connections with
the safety switch.
Finally, it is to be noted that the use of non-mechanical safety switches
is also feasible for as long as these switches themselves are not
vulnerable to static charges or unintentional voltages on the external
connection and also represent a sufficiently high contact resistance in
the direction of the integrated circuits on the carrier.
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