The present invention provides a releasing lubricant for use in forging and extrusion processes. In one embodiment, the lubricant comprises a mixture of: (a) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid and its salts, (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of boric acid and its salts, (c) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal carbonates, nitrates, sulfates and hydroxides, and (d) a phyllosilicate, wherein the amounts of the compounds (a) to (c) (as oxides) are: 14 to 55 molar % of P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0 to 80 molar % of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 30 to 80 molar % of M.sub.2 O (M being an alkali metal) and the total amount of these compounds is 91 to 99.5 wt. % or 0.5 to 39 wt. % based on the solid. In another embodiment, the amounts of the compounds (a) to (c) (as oxides) are: 14 to 39.5 molar % of P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0 to 80 molar % of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 30 to 80 molar % of M.sub.2 O (M being an alkali metal) and the total amount of these compounds is more than 39 wt. % but less than 91 wt. % based on the solid.

The present invention provides a lubricant composition for metalworking at a temperature higher than 200.degree. C. which comprises as its active components (i) at least one alkali metal salts of phthalic acid and (ii) a glass composition comprising 20 to 70% by weight of P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 8 to 72% by weight of M.sub.2 O wherein M is an alkali metal and 0 to 80% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, the ratio of component (i) to component (ii) being about 10:90 to about 90:10 in a total amount of 100 parts by weight.

A reducible glass lubricant on a metal workpiece provides a duplex film during hot working of the workpiece. A silicate glass powder which contains from about 3 to 50 mole percent of an oxide of bismuth, tin or copper is used for the reducible glass lubricant. During preheating in a preheat furnace the glass lubricant is reduced to the duplex glass film.

Agent for the pickling of and as an antioxidant for workpieces made of iron and steel in the case of when they are subjected to non-cutting, hot transformation. The agent is used in dry form. The agent contains: (a) 20 to 80 percent by weight of a pickling-effective compound, such as, sodium metaborate; (b) 1 to 80 percent by weight of a component, such as, graphite; and (c) zero to 79 percent by weight of at least one substance selected from group (d), (e) and/or (f). Zero to 35 percent by weight of group (d), such as, coke, can be used as substance (c) and, for example, act as antioxidants. Zero to 50 percent by weight of group (e), such as, sodium chloride, can be used as substance (c), and control the physical characteristics. Zero to 5 percent by weight of group (f), such as, ammonium chloride, can be used as substance (c) and, for example, act on the reduction of the oxides of group (a).

The present invention is, in one form, an aqueous alkaline metalworking fluid composition in the form of a concentrate which includes a salt of orthophosphoric acid; a dibasicdioic acid in an amount of up to about 5.0% by weight of the concentrate; an essentially phosphonate-free chelating agent; and, a neutralizing base. The composition may also include a lubricating agent, a coupling agent, a passavating agent, a biocide, and a colorant.