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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a brick fastening device and method
suitable for use in building construction such as, for example, forming a
brick wall or brick pavement.
In typical brick construction, bricks are fastened together by a layer of
mortar placed between adjacent bricks as the bricks are "laid" to form a
brick structure. Although the resulting structure is strong, durable and
attractive, the skill required in mixing the mortar and spacing and
aligning the bricks makes such construction expensive and limits its use.
Furthermore, this brick construction is slow due to the complexity of the
spacing and aligning procedures and the necessity of laying a brick wall
in sections. Sagging will occur if the mortar has not hardened
sufficiently to support the weight of the overlying bricks.
Various types of alignment and spacing devices have been proposed to
improve or simplify brick and mortar construction. For example, U.S. Pat.
No. 3,295,281 shows an alignment dowel for use with particularly
configured cement blocks. U.S. Pat. Nos. 860,927 and 3,641,731 show
spacing lugs and ribs, respectively. However, with each of these proposed
devices, mortar is still required for fastening the bricks or cement
blocks together; the proposed devices are to be used solely for alignment
or spacing.
In contrast to the brick wall constructions just described, children's toy
building blocks have been devised which utilize special dowels or pegs for
fastening together small wood or plastic blocks as well as for aligning
adjacent blocks. Such toy building block construction, as exemplified by
U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,258,156 and 228,052, does not require mortar, but such
construction is not suitable for fastening together ceramic bricks or
concrete blocks to form a full-scale wall or the like.
Moreover, conventional brick and mortar construction does not facilitate
drainage or ventilation through a brick wall or pavement as is desirable
in some applications. Because the mortar must flow around the perimeter of
each brick, drainage or ventilation is usually achievable by the use of
specially configured bricks having openings within their perimeters. Such
bricks are expensive and may be too weak for some applications.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a brick
fastening device which can be used to fasten together bricks, either with
or without mortar, to form a structure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a brick fastening
device which provides alignment and spacing of adjacent bricks while
providing fastening of the bricks to each other.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a convenient
and economical method of fastening bricks together to form a structure
which is immediately rigid.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an
economical method for forming a brick structure in which spaces may be
left between bricks to permit drainage or ventilation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a device and method of fastening
bricks together to form a structure, either with or without the use of
mortar.
According to this invention, a particular device is provided for use with
bricks having apertures formed in their external surfaces to receive the
device. The device includes elongated support means which is insertable
into the apertures of two adjacent bricks. Stop means extends outward from
the support means, intermediate the extremities thereof, to ensure
penetration of both bricks. A plurality of resilient transverse fins
extend outward from the support means in interference relationship with
the adjacent bricks, the fins being larger than the apertures in the
bricks. Upon forced insertion of the device into the apertures of the
adjacent bricks, the fins are deformed inward and are biased outward by
their resiliency into engagement with the bricks to restrain withdrawal of
the device.
Preferably, the ends of the device are angled inward to a blunt point along
longitudinal ribs for centering the device within an aperture, for
breaking any flash which may partially cover the aperture, and for
protecting the fins. Additionally, the fins may extend radially from a
shaft comprising the support means and may be notched to form separate
blades. The blades may be aligned to form longitudinal splines, each
consisting of a series of rectangular or rounded transverse blades
projecting radially from the shaft. The stop means may be conveniently
formed as a cylindrical flange concentric with the shaft and extending
radially therefrom to a diameter in excess of the diameter of the
apertures. In this embodiment, the stop means can be used to provide
spacing between adjacent bricks.
As a result of the present invention, a brick structure may be more easily
and more quickly constructed than would be possible with conventional
brick and mortar construction. Alignment and spacing of the bricks may be
ensured by the spacing of the apertures and the thickness of the stop
means, respectively. Because mortar is not necessary with the present
invention, the structure is immediately rigid and need not be assembled in
sections to avoid sagging. The construction is economical and facilitates
drainage or ventilation between the bricks when spacing is provided and
mortar is not used.
The invention, together with further objects and attendant advantages, will
be best understood by reference to the following detailed description
taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1
showing the longitudinal ribs at one end of the device in section;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of FIG. 1
showing the shaft of the device in section;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a brick wall structure assembled in
accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 5--5 of FIG. 4
showing engagement of a brick by the brick fastening device; and
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 6--6 of FIG. 5
showing engagement of the brick by the fins of the device.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With reference to the drawings, a brick fastening device made in accordance
with the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1 through 3, indicated
generally by the numeral 10.
As shown in FIG. 1, the brick fastening device 10 comprises an elongated
shaft 12, a transverse central flange 14, and longitudinally spaced
transverse fins 16. The transverse fins 16 are arranged symmetrically
about the central flange 14 in two series, five fins in each. However, the
particular number and symmetry of the fins 16 are merely illustrative and
are not essential for the practice of the present invention. One series of
the fins 16 is positioned between the central flange 14 and a first end
18, and a second series of the fins 16 is similarly positioned between the
central flange 14 and the second end 20.
The central flange 14 is cylindrical, i.e. disc-shaped, and is concentric
with respect to the shaft 12 as shown in FIG. 3. The fins 16 are of a
particular concentric four-bladed configuration, shaped as though
initially round fins were notched at four equi-distant points along their
circumferences, as at notch 22, and as though the remaining arcuate
perimeter portions were squared to form flat blades 24. Described in
another way, each of the fins 16 comprises four similar, generally
rectangular blades 24 which extend radially from the shaft 12 at 90
degrees to each other.
The blades 24 of adjacent fins 16 are aligned side by side, in rows, so as
to form longitudinal splines. As shown in section in FIG. 3, the shaft 12
has four rounded lobes 28 oriented at 90 degrees to each other. Each lobe
28 serves to support a row of longitudinally spaced blades 24. Although
this particular configuration of the shaft 12 is preferred, it will be
readily apparent that other support means for the fins 16 could be used.
The external corners 30 of the blades 24 may be radiused as shown in FIGS.
2 and 3 or may be square.
For reasons that will be discussed below, the first end 18 is tapered from
a blunt point by means of longitudinal ribs 32, which are in alignment
with the blades 24. As shown in FIG. 1, the longitudinal ribs 32 curve
away from the shaft 12 at the first end 18 with increasing angularity and
terminate in a flared portion 33 adjacent the end fin 34. The longitudinal
ribs 32 are rounded in section and the flared portion 33 is smaller in end
profile than the fins 16, as shown in FIG. 2. The configuration of the
second end 20 is the same as that of the first end 18, just described.
Because bricks are extremely sharp and abrasive after firing, the end fin
34 may be sheared from the shaft 12 unless the end fin 34 is adequately
protected. Applicant has found that the particular configuration of the
longitudinal ribs 32 illustrated provides a suitable means for protecting
the end fin 34. A relief 35 has a sufficient depth 37, as measured in a
direction radial to the shaft 12, to center the device 10 and to permit
the end fin 34 to flex within a protected portion corresponding to the
depth 37. If the depth 37 is small, the end fin 34 may shear adjacent the
shaft 12.
The fins 16 are made of a tough, resilient material which permits the
blades 24 to be bent inward toward the shaft 12, in a direction toward the
central flange 14, without breaking. Preferably, the brick fastening
device 10 is molded of a single piece of an appropriate plastic, thereby
integrating the shaft 12, the central flange 14, the fins 16, and the
longitudinal ribs 32 and permitting low manufacturing costs. The preferred
material is ultra-high-density polyethylene.
As shown in FIG. 5, one end of the device, for example the second end 20,
is forcibly inserted into a substantially cylindrical aperture 36, which
is formed in a ceramic brick 38 perpendicular to the brick's external
surface 40. The aperture 36 is smaller than the maximum diameter of the
fins 16 so as to form an interference fit. When the device 10 is inserted
into the aperture 36, the blades 24 are bent longitudinally toward the
central flange 14 and inward toward the shaft 12.
The resiliency of the fins 16 biases the blades 24 outward as barbs into
engagement with the surface of the aperture 36 of the brick 38 to prevent
removal of the device 10 from the brick 38. In addition to protecting the
fins 16 as described above, the longitudinal ribs 32 serve to center the
device 10 within the aperture 36 and to break away any flash which may
partially cover the aperture 36. The outward curving of the ribs 32
facilitates the insertion of the device 10. Because the largest diameter
of the ribs 32 is less than the diameter of the fins 16, the ribs 32 do
not interfere with the locking engagement of the blades 24.
The longitudinal spacing of the fins 16 permits the blades 24 to deflect
independently, allowing the external corners 30 to penetrate the surface
of the aperture 36 as shown in FIG. 6. Applicant has found that the fins
16 tend to disable each other if placed too closely together. In the
embodiment illustrated, five equally spaced fins 16 tend to break away any
loose surface of the aperture 36 and thereafter engage the underlying
solid portions of the brick 38 to lock the device 10 in place.
The central flange 14 serves as a stop, thereby ensuring that half of the
device 10 protrudes from the brick 38 after insertion. The space 42
between the central flange 14 and the central fin 44 adjacent the central
flange 14 is greater than the spaces between the adjacent fins 16 to
prevent the central flange 14 from interfering with the longitudinal
deflection of the central fin 44 and with the engagement of the brick 38
by the central fin 44. The central flange 14 also serves as a spacer
between adjacent bricks, as described below.
Due to the symmetry of the device 10 about the central flange 14, it will
be apparent that a second brick 46, shown in phantom in FIG. 5, may be
pressed over the protruding first end 18, causing insertion of the shaft
12 into the second brick 46 until the central flange 14 engages the
external surface of the second brick 46. The engagement of the second
brick 46 by the fins 16 between the first end 18 and the central flange 14
is identical to the engagement of the brick 38 by the similar fins 16 as
described above. By that engagement, the device 10 is locked
simultaneously in both bricks, thereby locking the two bricks together.
In the embodiment shown, longitudinally spaced flat side surfaces 48 and 50
of the central flange 14 comprise the stop surfaces for the brick 36 and
the second brick 46, respectively, as shown in FIG. 5. As indicated by the
phantom lines, the space 52 between the brick 36 and the second brick 46
corresponds to the thickness of the central flange 14. Accordingly, the
thickness of the central flange 14 may be pre-selected to provide the
desired spacing between adjacent bricks. Further, the flange 14 can
include small fillets 54 for strengthening the device 10 without affecting
the space 52.
As shown in FIG. 4, the brick 38 is generally rectangular in plan view and
has a height somewhat less than its width, much as a conventional brick.
The apertures 36 comprise passages which extend vertically through the
brick 38. Similar passages have been widely utilized to facilitate the use
of mortar in conventional brick and mortar construction. The bricks are
conveniently extruded of clay, and the passages can be economically formed
in the bricks before firing, while the bricks are still "green."
In the construction of a brick structure, such as that generally indicated
by the numeral 56, each of the bricks has the configuration of brick 38.
Preferably, the bricks are formed with eight regularly spaced apertures 36
as shown in FIG. 4. This number and spacing of the apertures permits each
of the bricks to be anchored by 16 units of the device 10 to the adjacent
bricks. Further, the number and spacing can be pre-selected to define the
space 58 between the ends of adjacent bricks when the bricks are staggered
to form flat walls and to permit complex structures having corners, as
illustrated by the brick structure 56.
The device 10 can be inserted into the brick 38 by driving, as by a hammer
or mallet, or can be inserted by power means when a large brick structure
is to be constructed. Mortar or other similar substance can be used in
conjunction with the device to close the spaces between the bricks, to
provide increased rigidity of the resulting structure, or merely for
aesthetic reasons. Alternatively, the structure can be used immediately,
no mortar being required because the barb-like effect of the fins locks
the bricks together into a rigid structure.
From the foregoing, it should be apparent that a convenient device for
fastening together bricks, either with or without mortar, has been
disclosed. This device offers the advantage that the resulting structure
is immediately rigid and need not be constructed in sections to avoid
sagging. A further advantage of the device is that alignment and spacing
of the bricks is greatly simplified, eliminating the need for highly
skilled bricklayers. The device permits economical construction of brick
structures which, if desired, may include spaces between bricks for
drainage or ventilation.
Of course, it should be understood that various changes and modifications
to the preferred embodiment described above will be apparent to those
skilled in the art. For example, the fins need not be notched to form
separate blades and need not be symmetrical about a central flange or
other stop means. Similarly, the bricks could be of any material or manner
of construction, and the device need not be molded of plastic or formed as
a single piece. The particular shape and number of the blades and the
corresponding lobes of the shaft are merely illustrative of the possible
configurations of the fins and support means therefor. Such changes and
modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of
the present invention, and it is therefore intended that such changes and
modifications be covered by the following claims.
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