Lives of organic secondary cells having organic electrodes wherein organic conductive materials such as polyacetylene are used as electroactive substance for the cathodes and/or anodes can be extended in the following way: Active species which are produced, when organic electrodes are doped with excess ions, and are responsible for the deterioration of cell functions are trapped with a substance having a frontier-electron density higher than those of the organic conductive materials, such as dimethylimidazolidinone, toluene, diphenylamine and dimethylaniline, by adding the substance to electrolyte, such as a solution of lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate, of the cells.
An electrolytic solution for a lithium secondary battery is provided, which comprises: an electrolyte; an organic solvent; and an additive, wherein the additive is an aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound such as pyrazine, quinoxaline, indole, phenazine, phthalazine, pyrimidine, or a mixture thereof.
A high performance battery containing an aluminum current collector is described which includes a noncorrosive salt disposed in a matrix, said salt being a bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide having a total of at least 3 carbon atoms or a cyclic(perfluoroalkylenedisulfonyl)-imide.
A high performance battery containing an aluminum current collector is described which includes a noncorrosive salt disposed in a matrix, said salt being a bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide having a total of at least 3 carbon atoms or a cyclic(perfluoroalkylenedisulfonyl)-imide.
A negative electrode for a secondary battery which has a positive electrode including a polymer active material. The negative electrode includes: a current collector beforehand roughened at one surface thereof; a first layer disposed on the roughened one surface and including a material selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and an alloy containing alkali metal; and a second layer disposed on the first layer and including an ion conductive material. A surface of the first layer has an uneven configuration which conforms with another uneven configuration of the roughened one surface of the current collector, the surface of the first layer being in contact with the second layer. A method for manufacturing the negative electrode is also disclosed.
Multi-component organic solvent systems, electrolytes and electrochemical cells characterized by good low temperature performance are provided. In one embodiment, an improved organic solvent system contains a ternary mixture of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. In other embodiments, quaternary systems include a fourth component, i.e, an aliphatic ester, an asymmetric alkyl carbonate or a compound of the formula LiOX, where X is R, COOR, or COR, where R is alkyl or fluoroalkyl. Electrolytes based on such organic solvent systems are also provided and contain therein a lithium salt of high ionic mobility, such as LiPF.sub.6. Reversible electrochemical cells, particularly lithium ion cells, are constructed with the improved electrolytes, and preferably include a carbonaceous anode, an insertion type cathode, and an electrolyte interspersed therebetween.
