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Description  |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates generally to a hollow door construction employing a
structural void filler for augmenting door strength. More specifically,
the door panel herein includes a "honeycomb", multi-cellular void filler
utilizing variable cell size to provide greater door strength than known
prior art constructions.
Applicants are aware of the following references generally pertaining to
door, or panel construction: U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,765,056, 10/02/56, Tyree;
2,824,630, 2/25/58, Tolman; 2,827,670, 3/25/58, Schwindt; 2,833,004,
5/06/58, Johnson et al.; 2,980,573, 4/18/61, Clifford; 4,130,682,
12/19/78, Lauko.
These references disclose a consistent or repeated cell configuration
throughout the structural void filler. The Schwindt patent discloses and
discusses a preferred construction using a higher concentration of
cellular material in the vicinity of the longitudinal edges of the door,
but this is accomplished by compressing the uniformly sized cells into a
smaller volume than the remaining cells. As will become more apparent from
the detailed description of the invention, the purpose, placement, and
manner of accomplishing variable cell size in Schwindt is far removed from
similar considerations of the invention herein.
Reference is also made to U.S. Pat. No. 4,372,717, issued to us on Feb. 8,
1983, disclosing a cellular void filler particularly adapted for filling
voids within a container carrying articles of freight. This patent
discloses a honeycomb cell construction designed to be manually expanded
from a flat stack of strips into a relatively thick, structural void
filler. The patented structure is further adapted to maintain an expanded
configuration when freely suspended under its own weight. It is not
directed towards a thin, rigid door panel construction designed for hinge
suspension from a longitudinal frame edge.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A door panel construction includes a rectangular door panel frame enclosing
and reinforced by a structural void filler formed from elongated
corrugated paperboard strips of the same width as the frame thickness. The
strips are folded and connected to each other to form a plurality of
quadrangular cells, a first type characterized as brace cells and a second
type characterized as lateral cells.
The brace cells are apex connected to form a series or line of brace cells
disposed along the longitudinal center line of the door frame, extending
from the top end to the bottom end of the door frame. The brace cells are
also formed to have shorter cell walls than those of the lateral cells,
and consequently exhibit greater resistance to edge applied compressive
forces than the lateral cells.
The lateral cells are attached to the brace cells, and fill the remaining
voids within the door enclosure, on either side of the brace cells.
A pair of sheet panels is preferably glued both to the faces of the door
frame and to the exposed edges of the quadrangular cells to form a rigid
door panel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an isometric perspective view of a conventional door panel
construction, using uniform cell wall dimensions, the front sheet panel
being removed for clarity;
FIG. 2 is an isometric perspective view of the present door panel
construction, employing variable cell wall dimensions for additional
strength along the longitudinal axis of the door, the front sheet panel
being removed for clarity; and,
FIG. 3 is a tabulation of two compression tests, comparing prior art
structural void filler with the present invention, Test A corresponding to
a 12" thick structure and Test B corresponding to a 11/8" thick structure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Making reference now to FIG. 1, there is afforded an outside frame 6,
preferably constructed from lumber elements, including a pair of generally
parallel upper and lower end pieces 7 and 8, respectively, as well as a
pair of longitudinally extending side pieces 9 and 11, joined to the end
pieces at right angled corners to form a rectangular, open center frame.
Since all of the pieces of the frame are substantially of the same
thickness, the frame defines a rectangular interior void, having a uniform
thickness. The frame 6 usually includes between its ends a pair of short
blocks 13 and 14, secured to the side pieces 9 and 11, providing a
mounting base for a door handle and locking assembly.
In the FIG. 1 arrangement, the interior void is occupied by a conventional
"honeycomb" structural void filler 15, assembled from a number of
elongated corrugated paperboard strips 16, fastened together at various
intersections 17. It is evident that the individual cells 18 within the
filler 15 do not assume the same configuration, but rather appear somewhat
distorted in various aspects. It is of interest to note that while the
cells 18 in FIG. 1 are of different shapes, the cell wall dimension
between adjacent intersections 17 is identical throughout the filler 15.
The cell distortion stems primarily from the inherent inability of the
strips 16 to withstand even slightly excessive stretching forces when the
filler is initially expanded to fill the void. Consequently, uneven and
unpredictable distribution of the strips 16 throughout the interior void
is a common problem associated with such a strip construction.
The door 19 is completed by affixing a front sheet panel (not shown) and a
rear sheet panel 20 over the opposite, front and rear faces of the frame 6
and the parallel, outer edges of the strips 16.
In FIG. 2, the preferred construction of the present invention is
disclosed. In this instance, there is a generally rectangular frame 21
comprised of a pair of parallel side members 22 and 23 joined at their
ends to a pair of transversely extending upper end member 24 and lower end
member 26, also parallel to each other. End members 24 and 26 meet side
members 22 and 23 in right angle corners, affording a rectangular frame
enclosing a central void. The thickness of all of the end and side members
is substantially the same so that the frame 21, in effect, defines a pair
of parallel, planar faces. The frame 21 also includes a pair of opposing,
internally mounted blocks 27 and 28 for the mounting of locks and other
hardware.
The void embraced by the frame 21 is largely filled by a structural void
filler 29, formed by a plurality of strips 31. Constructed preferably from
corrugated paperboard material, the strips 31 have elongated parallel
edges spaced the same dimension as the distance between the opposite faces
of the frame. Accordingly, the depth of the structural void filler 29
corresponds to the thickness of the surrounding frame 21.
As shown in FIG. 2, each strip 31 extends from the side member 22 to the
opposing side member 23, and is folded and attached to the upper and lower
adjacent strips 31 to form a plurality of quadrangular cells 32, including
brace cells 33 and lateral cells 34. Each of the quadrangular cells 32 has
apexes 36 and corners 37.
The apexes of the brace cells 33 are arranged to form a centrally
positioned line of brace cells, extending longitudinally from the upper
end member 24 to the lower end member 26. It is important to note that the
apex to corner dimension of the brace cells 33 is characteristically
shorter than the apex to corner dimension of the lateral cells 34. As the
void filler 29 reaches a fully expanded state as shown in FIG. 2, the
diamond-shaped brace cells are unable to stretch any farther
longitudinally and act as a limit stop. In effect, this prevents the
lateral cells 34 from distorting and causing the unequal and unpredictable
distribution of supportive strip material shown in FIG. 1.
A second consequence of the reduced apex to corner dimension, or cell wall
size, is a significant increase in the concentration of edgewise strip
material along the longitudinal line of the brace cells 33. As will become
more apparent herein, the series of short walled brace cells 33 affords in
effect a strong, stiff or rigid backbone which supports the weakest
portion of the structure.
In addition, lateral cells 34 are positioned on either side of a respective
brace cell 33. Each lateral cell 34 has an inner corner connected to the
adjacent corner of the brace cell, and the upper and lower apexes of each
lateral cell are attached to respective apexes of superjacent and
subjacent lateral cells. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the two lines of
lateral cells 34 extend longitudinally from the upper end member 24 to
lower end member 26.
Completing the door 38, a rear sheet panel 39 and a front sheet panel (not
shown) abut and are secured to the opposite faces of the frame 21 and to
the parallel edges of the strips 31. The corrugated paperboard used to
construct the strips 31 has flutes oriented in a direction normal to the
planes of the front and rear sheets, and therefore provides the desired
degree of strength and rigidity to resist compressive or impact forces
imposed upon the door panels. However, it is the strategic distribution of
supportive strip material in the present invention which provides improved
door strength over known prior art designs.
As has been mentioned previously, the largely unsupported central portion
of a hollow door is the region least able to withstand destructive blows.
By providing a line of relatively stronger brace cells within this weak
region, the present invention largely overcomes the strength deficiencies
of prior art designs. This additional cell strength is attained by
reducing the apex to corner cell wall dimension in the brace cells,
thereby increasing the amount of edgewise paperboard supporting a given
surface area of panel sheeting. While compression tests have confirmed
that brace cells so designed and strategically placed will increase the
overall strength of a structural panel, the increase in strength for a
thin panel or door construction is greater than would normally be
expected.
Making reference to FIG. 3, the conditions and the results of compression
tests conducted for two structural void fillers of different thicknesses
are shown. In Test A, two 3' square structural void fillers, each 12"
deep, and constructed from 8 ply corrugated paperboard, were tested for
maximum compressive strength. The filler thickness and material correspond
generally to that employed for structural void fillers used as dunnage
while shipping articles of freight. The prior art filler used a standard
honeycomb cell construction, in which each cell had an identical apex to
corner, or cell wall dimension of 9". The other void filler, constructed
in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, used the
combination of strategically placed brace cells having a 7.25" cell wall,
and lateral cells having a 10.25" cell wall dimension.
The filler using the brace cell construction exhibited a 6% increase in
strength over the filler using the conventional, uniform cell
construction. Since the compressive force was applied over the entire 9'
square surface area, the smaller and stronger brace cells were able to
withstand a greater amount of force before collapsing than were the 9"
cells.
In Test B, a similar comparison was conducted using 3' square structural
void fillers, each 11/8" deep and constructed from 18 ply corrugated
paperboard. The thickness and the material of the panels in Test B agree
with those normally associated with fillers for hollow doors. In this
instance, the prior art filler also used the conventional honeycomb cell
construction, but the cell wall dimension of each cell was only 5.5", the
standard cell wall size for the structural filler in a hollow door. The
remaining void filler used a centrally positioned line of brace cells
having 4" cell walls, straddled on either side by lateral cells having 6"
cell walls.
The filler construction making use of the 4" brace cells showed a 28%
improvement in strength over the conventional, prior art construction. In
other words, in going from a void filler construction for dunnage to a
void filler construction for hollow doors, the use of brace cells affords
an increase in strength over prior art construction which escalates from
6% to 28%. It is believed that this unexpected and beneficial result stems
from the substantial reduction in brace cell size when comparing Test B
(4" brace cell) to Test A (7.25" brace cell).
It is also significant to note that the increase in strength of the fillers
using brace cells was achieved without using more corrugated paperboard
material than that used in the conventional construction. Thus, the
present invention affords higher resistance to compressive forces through
reducing cell wall dimensions within a strategic region, rather than
resorting to the costlier alternative of merely adding more structural
material.
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