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Description  |
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CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Commonly Assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 378,944 entitled Footnote
Formatting, having J. T. Repass et al. as inventors, and filed
concurrently herewith.
Commonly Assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 378,929 entitled Designation of
Footnotes and Footnote References, having J. T. Repass et al. as
inventors, and filed concurrently herewith.
Commonly Assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 378,946 entitled Footnote
Assembly Management, having V. Cuan et al as inventors, and filed
concurrently herewith.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates generally to footnoting documents, and more
specifically to a method of, and system for, managing numbering of
footnotes and footnote references during input, updating, and document
assembly.
BACKGROUND ART
Footnoting of a document such as a legal brief, book, manuscript, etc. is a
well known technique of providing both uncluttered and smooth flowing
information and thoughts, and background or supporting detail to a reader
at different locations within the documents. The smooth flowing
information is the body text of a document, and the supporting detail is
made up of footnote text. In constructing such a document, efficient
management has always been an elusive skill. This was so when documents
were handwritten, and still presents a significant economic and throughput
burden today. This is so even with the availability of flexible
keyboard/display word processing systems.
During the handwritten document era, footnote number management was a major
problem which required a great deal of writer attention. Simple numbering
of footnote references and footnotes, standing alone, was fraught with
problems. An author in referencing a footnote could readily apply an
appropriate number to both a reference point and corresponding footnote if
the number for a prior reference and footnote were recalled or on the same
page. However, a loss of recollection and an absence of a prior same page
number required either a note pad and pen or leafing through previously
prepared pages. Obtaining a final inked copy with a minimum number of
drafts required particular writer attention. Editing of inked copy was
unacceptable, if not impossible. Paint and lift-off compositions are more
modern day conveniences.
The above mentioned problems have not yet been suitably addressed. One
system on the market today provides for footnote management upon printout.
With this system, an operator can prepare a footnoted document in one
pass, but particular operator attention is required. During preparation,
body text is keyed to a body text frame up to a reference point, a
footnote reference number is keyed, a footnote frame is called, a
corresponding footnote number is keyed, text for the footnote is keyed,
and then the body text frame is recalled. Body and footnote text are
stored separately. The footnote text is stored in a footnote library for
later recall. Following document preparation, there is an opportunity to
separately review and edit the body and footnote text, but there is no
opportunity to display review and edit an assembled document prior to
printing. That is, the first opportunity an operator has to view an
assembled document is following printing. During printout, the system
merges the body and footnote text. On the whole, planning and multiple
drafts are reduced, and preparation is in a logical manner. Even so,
glaring editing disadvantages still exist. The most notable is that the
ability to efficiently edit and/or make changes is severely restricted. An
example of a result of a simple editing attempt is loss of correspondence
between footnote reference numbers and footnote numbers if footnotes are
to be added, intermingled, repositioned, etc. Inserting a reference number
among existing reference numbers requires a subsequent additional
operation for renumbering all following reference numbers. This is also
the case for footnote numbers if a footnote is to be inserted or deleted.
Another disadvantage is the above mentioned attention that is required of
an operator. An error in either a footnote reference number or a footnote
number can either prevent later document assembly during printout, or
require additional editing and printout.
From the above, modern day keyboard/display word processing systems,
although beneficial in many respects, have not been structured and/or
programmed to efficiently handle even rather simple numbering problems.
For one thing, many envisioned approaches to handling even mundane author
desires required programming and/or structure additions which would be
prohibitive from a cost standpoint. With this in mind, any thoughts of
providing for different types of numbers such as Arabic numerals and
graphic symbols, and intermixing these types of numbering, have quickly
been abandoned. This fact has not been diminished in any respect when a
desire to reset numbering on a chapter basis has been considered. When
these considerations are coupled with the fact that separately stored body
and footnote text must be brought together with a reasonable per page
correspondence between footnote references and corresponding footnotes,
there has been a compounding of the envisioned tasks and problems.
The above described capabilities of penmanship and word processing systems
are prior art to the extent that a semblance of a desired end result can
be laboriously achieved. What has not been achievable though, is the
flexibility to efficiently both meet author desires and manage numbering
tasks from input to output. It is these deficiencies which cause the prior
art to fall short of either anticipating or rendering the instant
invention obvious. More specifically, the instant invention presents an
advance over prior art systems and techniques in that on-line
footnote/body text preparation capabilities are provided, automatic system
reference/footnote numbering and updating are provided during both input
and editing, and a capability of displaying a page to be printed is
provided.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
A unique method of, and system for, managing numbering of footnote
references and footnotes from input to output is provided in order to
reduce planning and multiple drafts, increase throughput, and remove
normal editing restrictions. With this invention, an operator can input a
footnoted document during a single pass. During input of the document,
body text is keyed up to a reference number point. During this body text
keying, the text is displayed and editing is permitted. At the reference
number point, a reference control is keyed and a display frame is
presented for keying the footnote. Editing of the footnote is also
permitted. Following input of the footnote, the operator returns to the
body text display frame for continued keying, and the footnote is stored
away in a footnote library. The system automatically assigns corresponding
numbers to the reference point and the footnote. Should later editing
require number changes, this will be automatically taken care of by the
system. Following input keying of the body and footnote text, operator
procedure calls for causing the system to assemble the body and footnote
text. The assembly operation involves combined merge and pagination
operations. Following assembly, the document can be display recalled on a
page basis for review and editing. Thereafter, the document is ready to be
printed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of a page of a footnoted document
illustrating the handling of a partial footnote.
FIG. 2 is a pictorial representation of a succeeding page of the footnoted
document illustrating the handling of two footnote references on a last
line of body text.
FIG. 3 is a pictorial representation of yet another succeeding page of the
footnoted document illustrating the handling of long footnotes.
FIG. 4 is a pictorial representation of a body text frame including
inputted body text to the point of a footnote reference.
FIG. 5 is a pictorial representation of a footnote text frame including
inputted footnote text to be referenced by the reference point in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is another pictorial representation of the body text frame shown in
FIG. 4 having additional inputted body text to the point of second
footnote reference.
FIG. 7 is a pictorial representation of a footnote text frame having
inputted footnote text for the second footnote reference in FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a word processing system used for
performing the invention of this application.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating the makeup of the processor shown in
FIG. 8.
FIG.'S 10-18 are flow charts corresponding to Tables 1-9 in the following
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention section of this application.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
General Description
For a more detailed understanding of the invention, reference is first
directed to FIG.'S 1 through 3. In these figures are illustrated pages n,
n+1, and n+2 which can represent any three consecutive pages of a
footnoted document. The solid lines represent body text and the dashed
lines represent footnote text.
For purposes of the following explanation, it is to be assumed that each
page contains 30 lines with the bottom four being dedicated to footnote
text. Line numbers appear adjacent the left edge of page n in FIG. 1. In
addition, it is assumed that Arabic numerals have been chosen for
designating footnote references and footnotes. Yet another assumption is
that page n is the first page of a document containing a footnote
reference.
Now, it is to be further assumed that an operator is keying to a word
processing system programmed and structured according to this invention,
having a display sufficiently large enough to display any one of pages n
through n+2, and that body text has been keyed or input to the point of
footnote reference numeral 1 in page n. The keying of body text is to a
body text frame 100 shown in FIG. 4. At the point of footnote reference
numeral 1, a footnote text frame 101 shown in FIG. 5 is called and
presented to the operator for keying or inputting footnote text for
footnote 1 in FIG. 1. Also, the body text will be stored separately from
the to-be-keyed footnote text. Upon completion of keying of the footnote
text for footnote 1 in FIG. 5, the operator keys for recalling frame 100.
At this time, the system will automatically store away the footnote text
of frame 101 in a footnote library, recall frame 100, display the numeral
1 in frame 100, and await further operator keying of body text from the
point of numeral 1 in frame 100.
Following keying to the point of footnote reference numeral 2 in FIG. 6,
the operator calls for a footnote frame 102 shown in FIG. 7 for keying of
the footnote text for footnote 2. Following the keying of footnote text
for footnote 2 in frame 102, recall of frame 100 is again keyed, and the
numeral 2 is displayed in frame 100 (FIG. 6).
The above operations are continued for all footnote and body text to the
end of page n+2 in FIG. 3.
For purposes of further explanation, assume that the document input
according to the above will consist of only the three pages illustrated in
FIGS. 1-3. Following input, an assembly operation is required for merging
the separately stored footnote and body text and for paginating the
assembled document for ultimate printing. Performing the paginate/assembly
operation will format the footnotes at the bottom of each page as shown in
FIGS. 1-3 for both display and printing purposes. One advantage of this
invention is that the operator may view exactly how the footnotes will
appear with the body text prior to printing.
Another advantage is that the system handles all numbering chores
automatically. This is so not only on input, but during any later editing
involving insertion, deletion, repositioning of footnotes and footnote
references. This is also regardless of any operator specified beginning
numbering and any operator specified intermingling of the types of
numbering. That is, an operator can specify any beginning number, and can
later in the document switch to numbering with graphic symbols.
From the above, both Arabic numerals or numeric characters, and graphic
symbols can be used for numbering. When numeric characters are selected,
there will be an incrementing by one of an initially selected number for
each following designation of a footnote or footnote reference. When
graphic symbols are selected, there will be an increase by one in the
number of symbols for each following designation of a footnote or footnote
reference.
For example, the number 3 can be selected. If so, and from the above, the
following designation will include the number 4. If two asterisks are
selected as a beginning designation, the following designation will be
three asterisks. This is since the system is programmed to sequence the
designations. The system is also programmed to sequence intermingled
designations. For example, if the order of designations is 3, 4, **, and
***, and the operator again calls for Arabic numerals, the next
designation will be the number 5. In addition, an operator can specify a
resetting of the numbering to that initially defined such that, for
example, designations are chapter or page oriented. That is, footnotes and
footnote references can be renumbered beginning with the number 1 at the
beginning of each chapter or page of a book.
The footnote and footnote reference designations are initially defined by
the operator specifying or selecting choices from a menu at the beginning
of the job of document preparation. These selections will remain in effect
until changed. Operator tasks of specifying and defining designations will
be brought out in greater detail later in the specification. For now
though, it is sufficient to note that flexibility is broadened greatly
from any capability envisioned by the prior art.
Detailed Description
Refer next to FIG. 8. In this figure is shown a portion of a text
processing system, including a processor 10 to which is connected a bus 12
leading from a keyboard 14. Character data generated by manual actuation
of keys on keyboard 14 causes character related signals to be applied to
processor 10. Processor 10 provides on an output memory bus 16 a data
stream in which the characters selected by actuation of keyboard 14 appear
suitably encoded.
Keyboard 14 is made up of a standard set of alpha/numeric graphic keys for
keying characters, numbers, punctuation marks, and symbols, and also
includes function and format control keys for causing and controlling a
carriage return, indent tab, etc. In addition, the keyboard includes a
second set of control keys for issuing special control commands to the
system. These control keys are for controlling cursor movement, for
setting the keyboard into a number of different modes, for use in
conjunction with other keys for defining and controlling operations and
other functions, etc.
Memory bus 16 extends to a memory unit 20 which is preferably a random
access memory, to a display unit 22, to a diskette unit 24 and to a
printer 25.
Included within memory unit 20 are two text storage buffers. One is a
formatted footnote text storage buffer (TSB) 140 and the other a document
TSB 240. The formatted footnote TSB 140 is used only by an assembly
supervisor 100 when a limited footnote resolution algorithm is used to
resolve and format footnotes at the bottom of a page. The document TSB 240
is used as a window into indefinite length text pages stored on a diskette
usable by unit 24. Both assembly supervisor 100 and an editing supervisor
200 use the document TSB 240.
A footnote TSB control block 130 is linked to formatted footnote TSB 140
via a channel 132. A document TSB control block 230 is linked to document
TSB 240 via a channel 232.
TSB manager 125 is linked by channels 124 and 224 to footnote TSB control
block 130 and document TSB control block 230, respectively.
TSB manager 125 is linked by channels 134 and 234 to formatted footnote TSB
140 and document TSB 240, respectively. Editing supervisor 200 is linked
via channels 220 and 222 to TSB manager 125. Editing supervisor 200
contains keystroke processing routines which are invoked based on the key
pressed on keyboard 14.
In operation of the system of FIG. 8, a body text encoded data stream
applied along memory bus 16 is stored in document TSB 240. In the process
of correction and editing the contents of the body text in document TSB
240, selected portions or lines of a page are presented to the operator on
display unit 22.
In addition to editing the contents of the body text, editing supervisor
200 may also create and revise footnotes within document TSB 240 in order
that footnotes of indefinite length can be supported.
A menu manager 202 is linked via channels 112 and 212 to assembly
supervisor 100 and editing supervisor 200, respectively, and is used when
a menu is to be displayed. Menu manager 202 is linked via channels 216 and
218 to a menu buffer 250.
Assembly supervisor 100 is linked to TSB manager 125 via channels 120 and
122. Assembly supervisor 100 provides control routines necessary to
execute an assembly operation for paginating and merging body text stored
in document TSB 240 with formatted footnote text stored either in
formatted footnote TSB 140 (if all of the formatted footnote text for the
body text page will fit) or on a diskette.
Assembly supervisor 100 is linked to a footnote control block 108 via
channel 106. Footnote control block 108 is used to store status
information during the assembly operation for resolving and formatting
footnotes.
Assembly supervisor 100 is linked to a footnote reference buffer 110 via
channels 102 and 104. Footnote reference buffer 110 contains pointers to
diskette stored footnote text which has not yet been placed at the bottom
of a page or at the end of the document during the assembly operation.
Refer next to FIG. 9. In this figure are shown the details of processor 10
which is capable of performing the operations of this invention under
program control. In practice, processor 10 includes an INTEL.RTM. 8086
Microcomputer chip. Typical logic hardware elements forming processor 10
include a control logic unit 70 which responds to instructions from memory
4 on bus 16. The control logic unit 70 is also in the data stream
identified by the data and address bus 82 interconnected to various other
logic units of processor 10.
In response to instructions from random access memory 4, control logic unit
70 generates control signals to other logic elements of processor 10.
These control signals are interconnected to the various elements by means
of a control line 72 which is illustrated directly connected to an
arithmetic logic unit 73 and identified as a "control" line 72 to other
elements of processor 10. Synchronous operation of the control unit 70
with other logic elements of processor 10 is achieved by means of clock
pulses input to processor 10 from an external clock source on bus 74. This
bus is also shown interconnected to various other logic elements of
processor 10.
Data to be processed in processor 10 is input either through a bus control
logic unit 76 or a program input/output control logic unit 77. The bus
control logic 76 connects to random access memory 4 and receives
instructions for processing data input to input/output control 77. Thus,
input/output control 77 receives data from keyboard 6 while bus control
logic 76 receives instructions from memory 4. Note that different storage
sections of the memory 4 are identifiable for instruction storage and data
storage. Device controls from processor 10 are output through program
input/output controller 77 over a data bus 80.
Input data on the data bus 16 is passed internally through processor 10 on
the bus 82 to control unit 70. Arithmetic logic unit 73, in response to a
control signal on line 72 and in accordance with instructions received on
memory bus 16, performs arithmetic computations which may be stored in
temporary scratch registers 83. Various other transfers of data between
the arithmetic logic unit 73 and other logic elements of processor 10 are
of course possible. Such additional transfers may be to a status register
85, data pointer register 86 or a stack pointer register 87. Also in the
data stream for these various logic elements by means of the bus 82 is a
program counter 88.
A particular operating sequence for processor 10 is determined by
instructions on bus 16 and input data on the bus 16 or on bus 80 from
keyboard 6. As an example, in response to received instructions, processor
10 transfers data stored in scratch registers 83 to one of registers 86,
87, or 85. Such operations of processors as detailed in FIG. 9 are
considered to be well known and understood by one of ordinary skill in the
data processing field. A detailed description of each of the operations of
the processor of FIG. 9 for the described invention would be
counterproductive to an understanding of the invention as claimed.
Table 1 illustrates a routine used by processor 10 for soliciting operator
input of footnote formatting information.
Table 1 is also shown in flow chart form in FIG. 10. The numbers in
parenthesis in Table 1 correspond to the reference numerals in FIG. 10.
TABLE 1
______________________________________
FOOTNOTE FORMAT ROUTINE
______________________________________
BEGIN (FN FMT)
INITIALIZE WORK SPACE AND CONTROL BLOCKS
(300) COPY CURRENT VALUE OF ALL MENU OPTIONS (301)
INITIALIZE DFD (DYNAMIC FRAME DESCRIPTOR)
WITH MENU OPTION VALUES
UNTIL MENU IS SUCCESSFULLY EXITED OR
CANCELLED DO (309)
DISPLAY FOOTNOTE FORMAT MENU UNTIL MENU
MANAGER (302) RETURNS
VALIDATE/COMPARE VALUES (303)
IF THE "CHANGE FOOTNOTE TYPING OPTIONS"
DIRECTIVE OPTION WAS SELECTED THEN (304)
DISPLAY FOOTNOTE TYPING OPTIONS MENU
AND SAVE (305)
OPERATOR INPUT FOR LEADING/TRAILING
CHARACTERS AND "FOOTNOTE CONTINUED" TEXT
ELSE
IF A PARAMETER CONFLICT EXISTS THEN (306)
POST OPERATOR MESSAGE (307)
ELSE
INDICATE FOOTNOTE FORMAT MENU HAS
SUCCESSFULLY EXITED (308)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDDO
FREE WORK SPACE (310)
RETURN (311)
END TABLE 1 (FN FMT)
______________________________________
FOOTNOTE FORMAT
If a "Change Footnote Format" option is selected in a Format Selection menu
presented to the operator for any number of tasks, then the system
displays a Footnote Format menu as shown in MENU 1 below.
The Footnote Format is a part of both the Document and Alternate Document
Format of the document. The Document and Alternate Document Format are two
independent sets of formats which the operator may begin using at the top
of any page in the document. Unless specified otherwise, the system
defaults to the Document Format.
______________________________________
MENU 1
______________________________________
Chg Document Fmt
Brief Ins
DSK001 Kyb 1 Pitch 12
______________________________________
FOOTNOTE FORMAT
YOUR POSSIBLE
ID ITEM CHOICE CHOICES
______________________________________
a Typestyle Number 1-31 (10 Pitch)
80-111 (12 Pitch)
154-175
(Proportional)
215-230 (15 Pitch)
b Separator Character
-- Any available
character
c Number of Separator
20 1-450
Characters
d Maximum Number of
48 1-999
Footnote Text Lines
Per Page
e Number of Lines 0 0-999
Between Footnotes
f Footnote Numbering
1 1 = Document
2 = Page
g Footnote Numbering Any available
Graphic character, or none
h Footnote Placement
2 1 = Document
2 = Page
i Change Footnote
Typing Options
When Finished with this menu, press ENTER.
Type ID letter to choose ITEM; press ENTER:
______________________________________
Each ITEM in MENU 1 is briefly described below.
Typestyle Number: A plurality of choices of fonts including a variety of
typestyles and pitches are available from MENU 1. Both typestyle and pitch
are determined by a Font ID selected by the operator from POSSIBLE
CHOICES. If no ID is specified, the system will use a Line Format
typestyle default value.
Separator Character: Any graphic character available on a selected font can
be specified or selected by the operator to form a separator line
separating body and footnote text.
Number of Separator Characters: The operator can specify the number of
characters to be used in making up the separator line. The number will
only be measure limited. It is to be noted that a blank line will always
precede and follow the separator line.
Maximum Number of Footnote Text Lines per Page: The number specified by the
operator will be the maximum number of lines available at the bottom of
the page for footnote text. Included with this number will be a specified
number of lines between footnotes. Not included in the specified number
are the blank lines before and following the separator line, the separator
line, and a dedicated line at the bottom of the page. Although not
included in the maximum number of footnote text lines, these lines are
included in the total page line count.
Number of Lines Between Footnotes: The operator can specify the
interfootnote line spacing for formatting purposes to improve aesthetics.
Footnote text will always be single spaced.
Footnote Numbering: An operator can specify whether or not footnote
numbering is to be reset at page boundaries.
Footnote Numbering Graphic: If footnote numbering is to be reset at page
boundaries and a non-numeric graphic character such as an asterisk is
specified, the first footnote will be numbered "*", the second will be
numbered "**", etc.
Footnote Placement: The operator can specify whether or not footnotes are
formatted and placed at the bottom of each page or the end of the
document. Range: 1=Yes 2=No
Following selections from MENU 1 and depression of the ENTER key, a
Footnote Typing Options Format menu will be presented to the operator.
This is illustrated below as MENU 2 wherein choices are available for the
fixed portions of both footnote and footnote reference designations. The
type of the variable portions of footnotes and footnote reference
designations is selected from MENU 1.
______________________________________
MENU 2
______________________________________
Chg Document Fmt
Brief Ins
DSK001 Kyb 1 Pitch 12
______________________________________
FOOTNOTE TYPING OPTIONS
YOUR POSSIBLE
ID ITEM CHOICE CHOICES
______________________________________
For Body Text:
a Leading Characters
"1/2 INX UP" Up to 8
characters,
or none
b Trailing Characters
"1/2 INX DOWN" Up to 8
characters,
or none
For Footnote Text:
c Leading Characters
"1/2 INX UP" Up to 8
characters,
or none
d Trailing Characters
"1/2 INX DOWN" Up to 8
characters,
or none
e `Continued Footnone`
(Footnote Continued
Message Characters
When finished with this menu, press ENTER.
TYPE ID letter to choose ITEM; press ENTER:
______________________________________
An explanation of each ITEM listed in MENU 2 is set out below.
Leading Characters: These characters include both controls and graphics to
be generated by the system immediately before the variable portion of the
footnote and footnote reference designation both in body and footnote
text.
Trailing Characters: These characters include both controls and graphics to
be generated by the system immediately after the variable portion of the
footnote and footnote reference designation both in body and footnote
text.
`Continued Footnote` Message Characters: Any character, tab, indent tab,
space, required space, required backspace, or word underscore can be
selected for system placement (1) following the last footnote line on a
page, and (2) before the first footnote line on the next page when a
footnote "spills over" from one page to the next.
When the operator completes entry of all desired choices and depresses the
Enter key against a prompt to type the ID to choose an item displayed on
Prompt Line, the system will update the Document or Alternate Format of
the document with the values selected by the operator and re-display the
Format Selection menu.
Following the above set up routine, the operator is now ready to begin
preparing a footnoted document. Footnotes are created during the normal
Create/Revise Document task via a Footnote instruction. When the operator
selects "Footnote" from an Instruction Menu and depresses the Enter key, a
Footnote Menu illustrated below as MENU 3 will be presented.
______________________________________
MENU 3
______________________________________
Create Document
Brief Ins
DISK01 Pg. 1 Ln. 13 Kyb 1
______________________________________
FOOTNOTE
YOUR POSSIBLE
ID ITEM CHOICE CHOICES
______________________________________
a Create/Revise 1 1 = Yes
Footnote Text 2 = No
b Reset Footnote Number
or Character
c Document Name
d Diskette Name
e System Page Number
When finished with this menu, press ENTER.
Type ID letter to choose ITEM; press ENTER:
______________________________________
The ITEMS against which the operator makes choices are described below.
Create or Revise Footnote Text: Operator selection here is for calling a
blank Footnote Typing Frame illustrated as FRAME 1 later herein if typing
a new footnote is in order, or a Footnote Typing Frame with an existing
footnote as illustrated in FRAME 2 later herein in order for the operator
to make revisions.
Reset Footnote Number or Character: This option is selected whenever the
operator desires to override the automatic system-generated sequence of
footnote numbering or designations (i.e., 1, 2, 3, . . . ) by specifying a
specific number or other graphic character or characters.
If a number is entered, then footnote numbering by the system will be reset
to that value. If a graphic is entered, then the automatic sequencing of
numeric values will be suspended until the next "null" or numeric value is
encountered.
The following two items should only be selected if footnotes are to be
stored in a document other than the editing document.
Document Name: Selection here is to (1) store footnote text to be created,
(2) locate footnote text to be revised, or (3) locate existing footnote
text to be included in the document.
Diskette Name: The name of the diskette on which the above document resides
is entered by the operator.
System Page Number: An entry here is for calling a page which contains the
footnote text. If both the Document Name and Diskette Name are blank, then
the system will assume that footnote text is to be stored with the
document being created or edited. The system will store the footnote text
on the next available page on or above 9000 (i.e., 9000, 9000.0.1,
9000.0.2, . . . ) and after existing footnote pages.
If the operator specifies another Document Name/Diskette Name, then any
page number of that document may be used to store the footnote text. If no
page number is specified, then the first available page will be used. The
operator may also specify that a particular existing page number be used
by selecting this ITEM and entering the page number.
The Footnote Instruction thus created in memory will have the following
makeup:
(1) Footnote Reference Control (FTR) followed by the following controls:
(2) Begin Formatted Text Control (BFT)
(3) Leading characters
(4) Footnote number
(5) Trailing characters
(6) End Formatted Text Control (EFT)
The BFT/EFT control pair is used by the system to identify data that was
generated by the system and may be later updated or modified by the
system.
The value of the footnote number itself may be:
(1) Sequentially assigned by the system when the footnote instruction is
created (and prior to assembly for merging and paginating the footnote and
body text).
(2) Explicitly assigned by the operator when the footnote instruction is
created.
(3) Determined by the system during the assembly operation.
As a result, a footnote number (together with any leading and/or trailing
characters) will always appear in the body text after a footnote
instruction is created.
Upon revising a footnote instruction, the Footnote Instruction can be
altered by placing the cursor on the Footnote Reference Control and
pressing the Enter key. The Footnote Menu (MENU 3) will be recalled.
During creation or revision of footnote text, if "Create or Revise Footnote
Text" is set to "Yes" in the Footnote Menu (MENU 3), a Footnote Typing
Frame (Frames 1 and 2) will be displayed when the ENTER key is depressed.
______________________________________
FRAME 1
(Footnote Typing Frame - Create)
Create Footnote
Brief
DISK01 Pg. 1 Ln. 13 Kyb 1 Pitch 12
______________________________________
When finished, press ENTER.
______________________________________
FRAME 2
(Footnote Typing Frame - Revise)
Revise Footnote
Brief
DISK01 Pg. 1 Ln. 13 Kyb 1 Pitch 12
______________________________________
J. J. Vreeland, What to Look for When You Review
Programming Documents for Product Usability, Technical
Report TR03.124 (December, 1980); may be obtained from
the IBM Corporation, Santa Teresa Laboratory, 555
Bailey Avenue, P. O. Box 50020, San Jose, CA 95150.
When finished, press ENTER.
______________________________________
The format of the footnote text and the page presentation characteristics
for footnotes are determined by the Document or Alternate Document Format
and the associated Footnote Format. After the footnote and body text have
been assembled, the footnote text will always be single spaced regardless
of the line spacing of the body text. The Context Field on the First
Status Line of the Footnote Typing Frames will display either "Create
Footnote" or "Revise Footnote", as appropriate.
In order to create a reference to an already existing footnote, operator
procedure is to specify the diskette name, document name, and page number
for the footnote and set "Create or Revise Footnote Text" to "No" in the
Footnote Menu (MENU 3).
During document assembly, body text and footnote text are resolved.
Resolution requires combined pagination and merge operations if both body
and footnote text are to appear on the same page.
Footnote text is formatted for output to a display for review or to a
printer by either a Paginate Document task, a Merge task, or a
Paginate/Hyphenate option of a Check Document task. The Paginate Document
task will assemble the document to permit the operator to view the pages
of the document made up of body and footnote text exactly as it will be
printed.
The makeup of the footnote text at the bottom of the page will be:
Begin Formatted Text Control (BFT)
Line Format Change (to set footnote format)
Begin Keep Control
Required Carrier Return (for blank line above separator line)
Separator line, Required Carrier Return
Required Carrier Return (for blank line below separator line)
Footnote Text
Line Format Change (to return to format prior to footnote)
"n" number of indent tabs (where "n" is determined from the indent level at
the Begin Formatted Text control).
End Keep Control
End Formatted Text Control (EFT)
The footnote reference number or other designation in the body text will be
used to determine the footnote number or other designation to be printed
and displayed. The system will automatically insert footnote designations
together with any leading and trailing characters at the beginning of the
footnotes automatically during assembly only.
Ordinarily, the system will assign footnote numbers in sequential order.
However, if the operator has specified that a particular number be used,
the system will assign that number to the footnote, and subsequent system
assigned numbers will be determined using that number as a base.
Automatic sequencing may be interrupted by the presence of non-numeric
footnote reference designations. The next numeric footnote reference will
resume the automatic sequencing by the system.
If footnotes are inserted, moved, or deleted from the assembled document,
then the document must be reassembled to renumber the footnotes.
Table 2 describes the routine performed by the assembly supervisor 100.
This is the main routine that controls the pagination and merge
operations. This main routine (DOCPA) invokes other routines to adjust
lines, make page ending decisions, and process, format, and renumber
footnotes.
Table 2 is also shown in flow chart form in FIG. 11. The numbers in
parenthesis in Table 2 correspond to the reference numerals in FIG. 11.
TABLE 2
______________________________________
BEGIN (DOCPA)
OBTAIN FORMATTING INFORMATION FOR
DOCUMENT (315) INITIALIZE CONTROL BLOCKS AND WORK AREAS (316)
GO TO STARTING PAGE
IF PRESERVE PAGE ENDINGS IS NOT INDICATED
THEN (317) UNTIL END OF DOCUMENT OR CANCEL PRESSED DO
IF READJUSTING LINE AND A FOOTNOTE WAS (318)
ENCOUNTERED ON THAT LINE THEN
INVOKE (FNNUM) - UPDATE/INSERT FOOTNOTE (319)
NUMBER IN BODY TEXT
ENDIF
IF SPELL-ASSISTED HYPHENATION IS ON THEN (320)
PERFORM SPELLING-ASSISTED HYPHENATION WITH
LINE ADJUST (321)
ELSE
PERFORM LINE ADJUST (322)
ENDIF
IF THE LINE IS NOT TO BE READJUSTED THEN (323)
CALL (LINEPOS) TO DETERMINE IF LINE
POSITION (324) CAUSES A PAGE END DECISION
IF PAGE END DECISION THEN (325)
DETERMINE LOCATION OF PAGE END (326)
ELSE
IF LINE END CODE IS A PE OR RPE THEN (327)
INDICATE PAGE END DECISION (328)
ENDIF
ENDIF
IF PAGE END DECISION THEN (329)
CALL (PAGEEND) TO INSERT A PAGE END AND (330)
INCREMENT THE POINT OF OPERATION TO NEXT
PAGE
ELSE
INCREMENT PAST LINE END CODE (331)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDDO
INVOKE (EDOC) - FOOTNOTE END OF
DOCUMENT (333) PROCESSOR
ENDIF
CLEANUP AFTER TERMINATING PAGINATE
CLEANUP FOOTNOTE PROCESSING
FREE WORK AREAS (334)
END TABLE 2 (DOCPA) RETURN TO CALLER (335)
______________________________________
Table 3 describes a subroutine (LINEPOS) of the routine DOCPA. This
subroutine calculates the positional change caused by line ending codes.
The paginator (DOCPA) uses this information in determining where to make
page ending decisions. The subroutine (LINEPOS) also invokes a routine
(RSOLVE) to fetch and resolve footnote text.
Table 3 is also shown in flow chart form in FIG. 12. The numbers in
parenthesis in Table 3 correspond to the reference numerals in FIG. 12.
TABLE 3
______________________________________
BGNPROC (LINEPOS)
DETERMINE LINE POSITION CHANGE (336)
IF THE LINE END CAUSES THE LINE POSITION TO
CHANGE (337) THEN UPDATE THE LINE POSITION CHANGE BY THE
LINE (338) SPACING
SAVE LINE SPACING (339)
ENDIF
OBTAIN THE LINE DENSITY FOR 1 LINE (340)
SAVE THE LINE DENSITY FOR THE LINE SPACING
CALCULATE AND SAVE THE LINE POSITION CHANGE
AT THE END OF THE LINE (341)
IF A FOOTNOTE REFERENCE WAS ENCOUNTERED ON
THE (342) LINE THEN
INVOKE (RSOLVE) - RESOLVE FOOTNOTE INTO THE
FOOTNOTE BUFFER (343)
ENDIF
IF FOOTNOTE ROUTINE WANTS PAGE END DECISION
THEN (344) SET PAGE END DECISION (345)
ENDIF
ADD LINE POSITION ESCAPEMENTS TO PENDING
FOOTNOTE ESCAPEMENTS (346)
DETERMINE NUMBER OF LINES FROM BOTTOM OF
PAGE DETERMINE NEW LINE POSITION
ENDPROC TABLE 3 LINEPOS
______________________________________
Table 4 describes a subroutine (PAGEEND) of the routine DOCPA that makes
page ending decisions by inserting a page end code into the document TSB
240. Prior to inserting the page end code, the subroutine (PAGEEND)
invokes a routine (EPAG) to process and insert all footnote text
accumulated in the formatted footnote TSB 140 or stored on diskette unit
24 into the document TSB 240.
Table 4 is also shown in flow chart form in FIG. 13. The numbers in
parenthesis in Table 4 correspond to the reference | | |
