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Description  |
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CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Commonly assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 378,944, now abandoned,
entitled Footnote Formatting, having J. T. Repass et al. as inventors, and
filed concurrently herewith.
Commonly assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 378,936, now abandoned,
entitled Footnote Management for Display and Printing, having J. T. Repass
et al. as inventors, and filed concurrently herewith.
Commonly assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 378,946 entitled Footnote
Assembly Management, having V. Cuan et al as inventors, and filed
concurrently herewith.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates generally to footnoting documents, and more
specifically to a method of, and system for, designating both footnote
references in body text, and corresponding footnotes.
BACKGROUND ART
Footnoting of a document such as a legal brief, book, manuscript, etc. is a
well known technique of providing both uncluttered and smooth flowing
information and thoughts, and background or supporting detail to a reader
at different locations within the document. The smooth flowing information
is the body text of a document, and the supporting detail is made up of
footnote text. In constructing such a document, efficient management has
always been an elusive skill. This was so when documents were handwritten,
and still presents a significant economic and throughput burden today.
This is so even with the availability of flexible keyboard/display word
processing systems.
During the handwritten document era, a footnote reference too low on a page
often left insufficient room for an aesthetically pleasing, and well
placed and proportioned, accompanying footnote or a portion thereof. The
solution was to terminate the page earlier than desired, abut text against
the bottom of the page and chance mismanagement of the succeeding page,
write smaller, etc. Mismanagement and/or early termination remain major
problems today. This is so even with the availability of modern word
processing systems. The available approaches for an operator or author in
preparing a footnoted document are for the most part undesirable.
Excessive planning is probably the most common approach, and yet, multiple
drafts are the most common result. Partially filled pages, an excessive
number of footnote references and footnotes appearing on different pages,
and unappealing proportion mismatch of body and footnote text, and an
excessive number of pages containing only footnotes remain major problems
following planning and multiple drafts.
The above mentioned problems have not gone unnoticed, however. One system
on the market today provides for footnote management upon printout. With
this system, an operator can prepare a footnoted document in one pass, but
particular operator attention is required. During preparation, body text
is keyed to a body text frame up to a reference point, a footnote
reference number is keyed, a footnote frame is called, a corresponding
footnote number is keyed, text for the footnote is keyed, and then the
body text frame is recalled. Body and footnote text are stored separately.
The footnote text is stored in a footnote library for later recall.
Following document preparation, there is an opportunity to separately
review and edit the body and footnote text, but there is no opportunity to
display review and edit an assembled document prior to printing. That is,
the first opportunity an operator has to view an assembled document is
following printing. During printout, the system merges the body and
footnote text. However, resulting aesthetics on occasion are less than
desired. This is due in part to imposed system restraints such as a
requirement that there be at least one line of body text on each page. In
this case, large unprinted areas on numerous pages can occur. On the whole
though, planning and multiple drafts are reduced, and preparation is in a
logical manner. Even so, glaring disadvantages still exist. The most
notable is that the ability to efficiently edit and/or make changes is
severely restricted. An example of a result of a simple editing attempt is
loss of correspondence between footnote reference designations and
footnote designations if footnotes are to be added, intermingled,
repositioned, etc. Inserting a reference designation among existing
reference designations requires a subsequent additional operation for
redesignating all following reference designations. This is also the case
for footnote designations if a footnote is to be inserted or deleted.
Another disadvantage is the above mentioned attention that is required of
an operator. An error in either a footnote reference designation or a
footnote designation can either prevent later document assembly during
printout, or require additional editing and printout.
With the above in mind, additional related problems exist and flexibility
of available systems is somewhat restricted. Readdressing the handwritten
document era for a moment, mere designation of footnote references and
footnotes, standing alone, was fraught with problems. An author in
referencing a footnote could readily apply the same designation to both a
reference point and corresponding footnote if the designation for a prior
reference and footnote were recalled or on the same page. However, a loss
of recollection and an absence of a prior same page designation required
either a note pad and pen or leafing through previously prepared pages.
Obtaining a final inked copy with a minimum number of drafts required
particular writer attention. Editing of inked copy was unacceptable, if
not impossible. Paint and lift-off compositions are more modern day
conveniences. Although other problems were present, the above mentioned
problems alone quelled most desires to be unique in the designation area.
Advancing again to the present, modern day keyboard/display word processing
systems, although beneficial in many respects, have not been structured
and/or programmed to efficiently handle even rather simple designation
problems. For one thing, many envisioned approaches to handling even
mundane author desires required programming and/or structure additions
which would be prohibitive from a cost standpoint. With this in mind, any
thoughts of providing for different types of footnotes such as book and
magazine descriptions with different typestyles, and using different
designations for each, have quickly been abandoned. This fact has not been
diminished in any respect when a desire to reset designations on a chapter
basis, and/or designations are to be made up of both fixed and variable
data, have been considered. When these considerations are coupled with the
fact that separately stored body and footnote text must be brought
together with a reasonable per page correspondence between footnote
references and corresponding footnotes, there has been a compounding of
the envisioned tasks and problems.
The above described capabilities of penmanship and word processing systems
are prior art to the extent that a semblance of a desired end result is
achievable. What has not been achievable though, are the flexibility to
efficiently both meet author desires and manage designation tasks from
input to output. It is these deficiencies which cause the prior art to
fall short of either anticipating or rendering the instant invention
obvious. More specifically, the ability to automatically designate
footnotes and footnote references based upon operator initially selected
and updated designations is lacking.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
A unique method of, and system for, designating footnotes and footnote
references is provided in order to reduce operator attention and errors,
and meet author desires and needs. Prior to input of a document, a menu is
presented to the operator for selecting and defining a makeup of desired
footnote and footnote reference designations. The operator has the
flexibility of defining designations by specifying a variable data
category such as a numeric or other graphic character, the initial
variable data such as the numeral 3, fixed data surrounding the variable
data such as parentheses, and a vertical location for the designations
such as half indexed up on a line. Thereafter, body text is keyed up to a
footnote reference point. During this body text keying, the text is
displayed and editing is permitted. At the footnote reference point, a
menu is called from which a footnote task is selected. This causes a
display frame to be presented for keying the footnote. Editing of the
footnote is also permitted. Following input of the footnote, the operator
recalls the body text display frame for continued keying, and the footnote
is stored away in a footnote library. Upon recall of the body text display
frame, the system applies an appropriate footnote reference designation to
the body text in a defined vertical location at the footnote reference
point, and logs the location in the footnote library of the corresponding
footnote. For example, if a previous footnote reference designation were a
bracketed two ([2]), half indexed up on a line, the appropriate footnote
reference designation would be a bracketed three ([3]), half indexed up on
the line being operated upon. The operator also has the ability to update
the variable data, reset the variable data to its initial value, and
select new variable data to be intermingled with initially selected
variable data, with the system providing the necessary and desired
sequencing. For example, the operator can cause the designation at the
next footnote reference point to be an underscored asterisk (*) by
re-specifying the variable data, and the surrounding fixed data. A
subsequent reference point designation will be **. A recall of the
original designation makeup will result in the next reference point being
designated with a bracketed four ([4]), half indexed up on the line. As
such, the system automatically manages designation of footnote references
and corresponding footnotes once the designations have been defined or
updated. Should later editing necessitate changes in the variable data,
this will also be automatically taken care of by the system. Following
input keying of the body and footnote text, operator procedure calls for
causing the system to assemble the body and footnote text. The assembly
operation involves combined merge and pagination operations. Following
assembly, the document can be display recalled on a page basis for review
and editing. Thereafter, the document is ready to be printed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of a page of a footnoted document
illustrating one set of footnote and footnote reference designations.
FIG. 2 is a pictorial representation of another set of footnote and
footnote reference designations.
FIG. 3 is a pictorial representation of yet another set of footnote and
footnote reference designations.
FIG. 4 is a pictorial representation of a body text frame including
inputted body text to the point of a first footnote reference.
FIG. 5 is a pictorial representation of a footnote text frame including
inputted footnote text referenced by the reference point in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is another pictorial representation of the body text frame shown in
FIG. 4 having additional inputted body text to the point of second
footnote reference.
FIG. 7 is a pictorial representation of another footnote text frame having
inputted footnote text for the second footnote reference in FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a word processing system used for
performing the invention of this application.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating the makeup of the processor shown in
FIG. 8.
FIGS. 10-18 are flow charts corresponding to Tables 1-9 in the following
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention section of this application.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
General Description
For a general understanding of the invention, reference is first directed
to FIGS. 1 through 3. In these figures are illustrated three pages which
can be taken as the first page of any three chapters of a footnoted
document. Alternatively, the three pages can be considered to be the first
footnoted pages of three different documents. The solid lines represent
body text and the dashed lines represent footnote text.
For purposes of the following explanation, it is to be noted that the
Arabic numerals 1 and 2 in FIG. 1 along with the close parenthesis symbols
are positionally located, half indexed up on the lines with which they
appear. In FIG. 2, the numerals 1 and 2 and the periods appear on line
with the remainder of the lines with which they appear. In FIG. 3, the
asterisks and hyphens also appear on line with the remainder of the lines
with which they appear. The Arabic numerals 1 and 2, and the asterisks
make up a variable portion of the overall designations. The close
parenthesis, periods, and hyphens make up a fixed portion of the
designations.
The variable portions of the designations are functional and are for
purposes of numbering the footnote references and footnotes. These
portions are variable in that they will change from footnote to footnote
and footnote reference to footnote reference. The fixed portions of the
designations can be both functional and cosmetic. These portions will
remain fixed from footnote to footnote and footnote reference to footnote
reference, until changed by either the system or the operator as will be
more fully described later herein. The fixed portions can be functional in
that they may be varied for different types of background material such as
magazines and books. These portions can be cosmetic in that they may be
selected and used to improve the aesthetic qualities of the document being
prepared.
From the above, both Arabic numerals or numeric characters, and other
graphic characters can be used to define the variable portion of the
designations. In the preferred embodiment being described, when numeric
characters are selected, there will be an incrementing by one of an
initially selected number for each following designation. When other
graphic characters are selected, there will be an increase by one in the
number of characters for each following designation. The fixed portion of
the designations can be any character or combination of characters which
are alternatively referred to later herein as leading text and/or trailing
text. For example, a number one (1) can be merely followed by a hyphen, or
totally surrounded with a preceding hyphen, an overstrike, a following
hyphen, and an underscore. In addition, the designations can be made up of
variable portions only. As is obvious, confusion will be avoided if
different characters are selected for the fixed and variable portions of
the designations.
In defining the variable portion of the designations, an operator can
select any beginning number or number of characters. For example, the
number 3 can be selected. If so, and from the above, the following
designation will include the number 4. If two asterisks are selected as
the variable portion of a beginning designation, the following designation
will be three asterisks. This is since the system is programmed to
sequence the variable portion of the designations. The system is also
programmed to sequence designations having common variable portions
irrespective of intermingled non-common variable portions. For example, if
the order and makeup of designations is 3, 4, **, and ***, and the
operator again calls for Arabic numerals, the next designation will be the
number 5. In addition, an operator can specify a resetting of the variable
portion of the designations to that initially defined such that, for
example, designations are chapter or page oriented. That is, footnotes and
footnote references can be renumbered beginning with the number 1 at the
beginning of each chapter or page of a book.
The fixed and variable portions of the footnote and footnote reference
designations along with the positional relationship thereof to the
remainder of the line, are initially defined by the operator specifying or
selecting choices from a menu at the beginning of the job of document
preparation. These selections will remain in effect until changed.
Operator tasks of specifying and defining designations will be brought out
in greater detail later in the specification. For now though, it is
sufficient to note that flexibility in specification and definition
extends from only variable data to fixed and variable data positionally
located.
Now it is to be assumed that an operator is keying to a word processing
system having a display sufficiently large enough to display any one of
the pages shown in FIGS. 1 through 3. Further it is to be assumed that
body text has been keyed or input to the point of footnote reference
numeral 1 in FIG. 1. The keying of body text is to a body text frame 100
shown in FIG. 4. At the point of footnote reference numeral 1, the
operator calls for presentation or display of a footnote text frame 101
shown in FIG. 5. This frame is for keying or inputting footnote text for
footnote 1 in FIG. 1. When the footnote text frame is called, the body
text will be stored separately from the to-be-keyed footnote text. Upon
completion of keying of the footnote text for footnote 1 in FIG. 5, the
operator recalls frame 100. At this time, the system will automatically
store away the footnote text of frame 101 in a footnote library, recall
frame 100, display the numeral 1 in frame 100, and await further operator
keying of body text from the point of numeral 1 in frame 100.
Following keying to the point of footnote reference numeral 2 in FIG. 6,
the operator again calls for display of a footnote text frame. Footnote
frame 102 shown in FIG. 7 will be displayed for keying of the footnote
text for footnote 2. Following the keying of footnote text for footnote 2
in frame 102, frame 100 is again recalled, and the numeral 2 is displayed
in frame 100 (FIG. 6).
Following input of any one of the documents having as a first page that
represented in FIGS. 1 through 3, an assembly operation is required for
merging the separately stored footnote and body text and for paginating
the document for ultimate printing. A normal merge operation involves
combining a portion of one document with another. A normal pagination
operation is for dividing a document into page size segments capable of
being printed on the paper being used. Such an operation generally
involves inserting and deleting page end codes. The assembly operation
contemplated herein for formatting a footnoted document requires far more
than just separate merge and pagination operations. These operations must
be performed in conjunction with one another in order to attain the
desired results. There must be a balancing of the text and footnotes
within a page.
For purposes of clarity, this balancing will be viewed briefly below from a
conceptual, rather than an actual or preferred standpoint. The preferred
embodiment will be set out in the following detailed description section
of this application. First, a page buffer is loaded from the top with body
text to the point of the first footnote reference point. Then the
corresponding footnote text is loaded from the top of a footnote section
of the page buffer. The page buffer is defined by a specified number of
lines. The footnote section is located at the bottom of the page buffer
and is defined in terms of a maximum number of footnote lines. As such,
the top of the buffer is a body text section and is indirectly defined in
terms of a minimum number of lines. Footnote text is input to the footnote
section beginning at the top thereof. If the text for the entire footnote
will fit within the footnote section, operation continues from the point
of the first footnote reference point with the loading of additional body
text into the page buffer. If the footnote section is full, this operation
continues until either the body text section is full or up to a line
before a line containing another footnote reference. If the body text
section can be filled without any additional footnote references, this is
accomplished and operation begins for the next page of the document. If an
additional footnote reference is encountered, operation terminates with
the end of the preceding line and the page has been defined. This is even
though the page will contain fewer lines than possible.
On the other hand, if the footnote section has additional lines available,
additional lines of body text can be loaded into the page buffer. Whether
this will occur will depend on both the number of lines remaining in the
footnote section and whether the additional lines of body text loadable or
to be loaded contain additional footnote references. If both an additional
body text line containing a footnote reference and at least one line of
the corresponding footnote text can be loaded into the page buffer, this
will be effected. If additional lines of body text contain no footnote
references and additional lines are available in the footnote section, the
available lines are filled with body text and the footnote section is
moved to the bottom of the page buffer. That is, as each line of body text
is loaded into the footnote section, the footnote text is shifted down one
line.
Detailed Description
Refer next to FIG. 8. In this figure is shown a portion of a text
processing system, including a processor 10 to which is connected a bus 12
leading from a keyboard 14. Character data generated by manual actuation
of keys on keyboard 14 causes character related signals to be applied to
processor 10. Processor 10 provides on an output memory bus 16 a data
stream in which the characters selected by actuation of keyboard 14 appear
suitably encoded.
Keyboard 14 is made up of a standard set of alpha/numeric graphic keys for
keying characters, numbers, punctuation marks, and symbols, and also
includes function and format control keys for causing and controlling a
carriage return, indent tab, etc. In addition, the keyboard includes a
second set of control keys for issuing special control commands to the
system. These control keys are for controlling cursor movement, for
setting the keyboard into a number of different modes, for use in
conjunction with other keys for defining and controlling operations and
other functions, etc.
Memory bus 16 extends to a memory unit 20 which is preferably a random
access memory, to a display unit 22, to a diskette unit 24, and to a
printer 25.
Included within memory unit 20 are two text storage buffers. One is a
formatted footnote text storage buffer (TSB) 140 and the other a document
TSB 240. The formatted footnote TSB 140 is used only by an assembly
supervisor 100 when a limited footnote resolution algorithm is used to
resolve and format footnotes at the bottom of a page. The document TSB 240
is used as a window into indefinite length text pages stored on a diskette
readable by unit 24. Both assembly supervisor 100 and an editing
supervisor 200 use the document TSB 240.
A footnote TSB control block 130 is linked to formatted footnote TSB 140
via a channel 132. A document TSB control block 230 is linked to document
TSB 240 via a channel 232.
TSB manager 125 is linked by channels 124 and 224 to footnote TSB control
block 130 and document TSB control block 230, respectively.
TSB manager 125 is linked by channels 134 and 234 to formatted footnote TSB
140 and document TSB 240, respectively. Editing supervisor 200 is linked
via channels 220 and 222 to TSB manager 125. Editing supervisor 200
contains keystroke processing routines which are invoked based on the key
pressed on keyboard 14.
In operation of the system of FIG. 8, a body text encoded data stream
applied along memory bus 16 is stored in document TSB 240. In a process of
correction and editing the contents of the body text in document TSB 240,
selected portions or lines of a page are presented to the operator on
display unit 22.
In addition to editing the contents of the body text, editing supervisor
200 may also create and revise footnotes within document TSB 240 in order
that footnotes of indefinite length can be supported.
A menu manager 202 is linked via channels 112 and 212 to assembly
supervisor 100 and editing supervisor 200, respectively, and is used when
a menu is to be displayed. Menu manager 202 is linked via channels 216 and
218 to a menu buffer 250.
Assembly supervisor 100 is linked to TSB manager 125 via channels 120 and
122. Assembly supervisor 100 provides control routines necessary to
execute an assembly operation for paginating and merging body text stored
in document TSB 240 with formatted footnote text stored either in
formatted footnote TSB 140 (if all of the formatted footnote text for the
body text page will fit) or on a diskette.
Assembly supervisor 100 is linked to a footnote control block 108 via
channel 106. Footnote control block 108 is used to store status
information during the assembly operation for resolving and formatting
footnotes.
Assembly supervisor 100 is linked to a footnote reference buffer 110 via
channels 102 and 104. Footnote reference buffer 110 contains pointers to
diskette stored footnote text which has not yet been placed at the bottom
of a page or at the end of the document during the assembly operation.
Refer next to FIG. 9. In this figure are shown the details of processor 10
which is capable of performing the operations of this invention under
program control. In practice, processor 10 includes an INTEL.RTM. 8086
Microcomputer chip. Typical logic hardware elements forming processor 10
include a control logic unit 70 which responds to instructions from memory
20 on bus 16. The control logic unit 70 is also in the data stream
identified by the data and address bus 82 interconnected to various other
logic units of processor 10.
In response to instructions from random access memory 20, control logic
unit 70 generates control signals to other logic elements of processor 10.
These control signals are interconnected to the various elements by means
of a control line 72 which is illustrated directly connected to an
arithmetic logic unit 73 and identified as a "control" line 72 to other
elements of processor 10. Synchronous operation of the control unit 70
with other logic elements of processor 10 is achieved by means of clock
pulses input to processor 10 from an external clock source on bus 74. This
bus is also shown interconnected to various other logic elements of
processor 10.
Data to be processed in processor 10 is input either through a bus control
logic unit 76 or a program input/output control logic unit 77. The bus
control logic 76 connects to random access memory 20 and receives
instructions for processing data input to input/output control 77. Thus,
input/output control 77 receives data from keyboard 14 while bus control
logic 76 receives instructions from memory 20. Note that different storage
sections of memory 20 are identifiable for instruction storage and data
storage. Device controls from processor 10 are output through program
input/output controller 77 over a data bus 80.
Input data on the data bus 16 is passed internally through processor 10 on
the bus 82 to control unit 70. Arithmetic logic unit 73, in response to a
control signal on line 72 and in accordance with instructions received on
memory bus 16, performs arithmetic computations which may be stored in
temporary scratch registers 83. Various other transfers of data between
the arithmetic logic unit 73 and other logic elements of processor 10 are
of course possible. Such additional transfers may be to a status register
85, data pointer register 86 or a stack pointer register 87. Also in the
data stream for these various logic elements by means of the bus 82 is a
program counter 88.
A particular operating sequence for processor 10 is determined by
instructions on bus 16 and input data on the bus 16 or on bus 80 from
keyboard 14. As an example, in response to received instructions,
processor 10 transfers data stored in scratch registers 83 to one of
registers 86, 87, or 85. Such operations of processors as detailed in FIG.
9 are considered to be well known and understood by one of ordinary skill
in the data processing field. A detailed description of each of the
operations of the processor of FIG. 9 for the described invention would be
counterproductive to an understanding of the invention as claimed.
Table 1 illustrates a routine used by processor 10 for soliciting operator
input of footnote formatting information.
Table 1 is also shown in flow chart form in FIG. 10. The numbers in
parenthesis in Table 1 correspond to the reference numerals in FIG. 10.
TABLE 1
______________________________________
FOOTNOTE FORMAT ROUTINE
______________________________________
BEGIN (FN FMT)
INITIALIZE WORK SPACE AND CONTROL BLOCKS (300)
COPY CURRENT VALUE OF ALL MENU OPTIONS (301)
INITIALIZE DFD (DYNAMIC FRAME DESCRIPTOR)
WITH MENU OPTION VALUES
UNTIL MENU IS SUCCESSFULLY EXITED OR CANCEL-
LED DO (309)
DISPLAY FOOTNOTE FORMAT MENU UNTIL MENU
MANAGER (302)
RETURNS
VALIDATE/COMPARE VALUES (303)
IF THE "CHANGE FOOTNOTE TYPING OPTIONS"
DIRECTIVE OPTION WAS SELECTED THEN (304)
DISPLAY FOOTNOTE TYPING OPTIONS MENU
AND SAVE (305)
OPERATOR INPUT FOR LEADING/TRAILING CHARAC-
TERS AND "FOOTNOTE CONTINUED" TEXT
ELSE
IF A PARAMETER CONFLICT EXISTS THEN (306)
POST OPERATOR MESSAGE (307)
ELSE
INDICATE FOOTNOTE FORMAT MENU HAS SUCCESS-
FULLY EXITED (308)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDDO
FREE WORK SPACE (310)
RETURN (311)
END TABLE 1 (FN FMT)
______________________________________
FOOTNOTE FORMAT
If a "Change Footnote Format" option is selected in a Format Selection menu
presented to the operator for any number of tasks, then the system
displays a Footnote Format menu as shown in MENU 1 below.
The Footnote Format is a part of both the Document and Alternate Document
Format of the document. The Document and Alternate Document Format are two
independent sets of formats which the operator may begin using at the top
of any page in the document. Unless specified otherwise, the system
defaults to the Document Format.
______________________________________
MENU
Chg Document Fmt
Brief Ins
DSK001 Kyb 1 Pitch 12
______________________________________
FOOTNOTE FORMAT
YOUR POSSIBLE
ID ITEM CHOICE CHOICES
______________________________________
a Typestyle Number 1-31 (10 Pitch)
80-111 (12 Pitch)
154-175
(Proportional)
215-230 (15 Pitch)
b Separator Character
-- Any available
character
c Number of Separator
20 1-450
Characters
d Maximum Number of
48 1-999
Footnote Text Lines
Per Page
e Number of Lines
0 0-999
Between Footnotes
f Footnote Numbering
1 1 = Document
2 = Page
g Footnote Numbering Any available
Graphic character, or none
h Footnote Placement
2 1 = Document
2 = Page
i Change Footnote
Typing Options
______________________________________
When Finished with this menu, press ENTER.
Type ID letter to choose item; press ENTER:
______________________________________
Each ITEM in MENU 1 is briefly described below.
Typestyle Number: A plurality of choices of fonts including a variety of
typestyles and pitches are available from MENU 1. Both typestyle and pitch
are determined by a Font ID selected by the operator from POSSIBLE
CHOICES. If no ID is specified, the system will use a Line Format
typestyle default value.
Separator Character: Any graphic character available on a selected font can
be specified or selected by the operator to form a separator line
separating body and footnote text.
Number of Separator Characters: The operator can specify the number of
characters to be used in making up the separator line. The number will
only be measure limited. It is to be noted that a blank line will always
precede and follow the separator line.
Maximum Number of Footnote Text Lines per Page: The number specified by the
operator will be the maximum number of lines available at the bottom of
the page for footnote text. Included with this number will be a specified
number of lines between footnotes. Not included in the specified number
are the blank lines before and following the separator line, the separator
line, and a dedicated line at the bottom of the page. Although not
included in the maximum number of footnote text lines, these lines are
included in the total page line count.
Number of Lines Between Footnotes: The operator can specify the
interfootnote line spacing for formatting purposes to improve aesthetics.
Footnote text will always be single spaced.
Footnote Numbering: An operator can specify whether or not footnote
numbering is to be reset at page boundaries.
Footnote Numbering Graphic: If footnote numbering is to be reset at page
boundaries and a non-numeric graphic character such as an asterisk is
specified, the first footnote will be numbered "*", the second will be
numbered "**", etc.
Footnote Placement: The operator can specify whether or not footnotes are
formatted and placed at the bottom of each page or the end of the
document. Range: 1=Yes; 2=No
Following selections from MENU 1 and depression of the ENTER key, a
Footnote Typing Options Format menu will be presented to the operator.
This is illustrated below as MENU 2 wherein choices are available for the
fixed portion of both footnote and footnote reference designations. The
type of the variable portions of the footnote and footnote reference
designations is selected from MENU 1.
______________________________________
MENU 2
______________________________________
Chg Document Fmt
Brief Ins
DSK001 Kyb 1 Pitch 12
______________________________________
FOOTNOTE TYPING OPTIONS
YOUR POSSIBLE
ID ITEM CHOICE CHOICES
______________________________________
For Body Text:
a Leading Characters
"1/2 INX UP" Up to 8
characters,
or none
b Trailing Characters
"1/2 INX DOWN"
Up to 8
characters,
or none
For Footnote Text:
c Leading Characters
"1/2 INX UP" Up to 8
characters,
or none
d Trailing Characters
"1/2 INX DOWN"
Up to 8
characters,
or none
e `Continued Footnote`
(Footnote
Message Characters
Conitnued)
When finished with this menu, press ENTER.
Type ID letter to choose ITEM; press ENTER:
______________________________________
An explanation of each ITEM listed in MENU 2 is set out below.
Leading Characters: These characters include both controls and graphics to
be generated by the system immediately before the variable portion of the
footnote and footnote reference designation both in body and footnote
text.
Trailing Characters: These characters include both controls and graphics to
be generated by the system immediately after the variable portion of the
footnote and footnote reference designation both in body and footnote
text.
`Continued Footnote` Message Characters: Any character, tab, indent tab,
space, required space, required backspace, or word underscore can be
selected for system placement (1) following the last footnote line on a
page, and (2) before the first footnote line on the next page when a
footnote "spills over" from one page to the next.
When the operator completes entry of all desired choices and depresses the
Enter key against a prompt to type the ID to choose an item displayed on
the Prompt Line, the system will update the Document or Alternate Format
of the document with the values selected by the operator and re-display
the Format Selection menu.
Following the above set up routine, the operator is now ready to begin
preparing a footnoted document. Footnotes are created during the normal
Create/Revise Document task via a Footnote instruction. When the operator
selects "Footnote" from an Instruction Menu and depresses the Enter key, a
Footnote Menu illustrated below as MENU 3 will be presented.
______________________________________
MENU 3
______________________________________
Create Document Brief Ins
DISK01 Pg. 1 Ln. 13 Kyb 1
______________________________________
FOOTNOTE
YOUR POSSIBLE
ID ITEM CHOICE CHOICES
______________________________________
a Create/Revise 1 1 = Yes
Footnote Text 2 = No
b Reset Footnote Number
or Character
c Document Name
d Diskette Name
e System Page Number
When finished with this menu, press ENTER.
Type ID letter to choose ITEM; press ENTER:
______________________________________
The ITEMS against which the operator makes choices are described below.
Create or Revise Footnote Text: Operator selection here is for calling a
blank Footnote Typing Frame illustrated as FRAME 1 later herein if typing
a new footnote is in order, or a Footnote Typing Frame with an existing
footnote as illustrated in FRAME 2 later herein in order for the operator
to make revisions.
Reset Footnote Number of Character: This option is selected whenever the
operator desires to override the automatic system-generated sequence of
footnote numbering or designations (i.e., 1, 2, 3, . . . ) by specifying a
specific number or other graphic character or characters.
If a number is entered, then footnote numbering by the system will be reset
to that value. If a graphic is entered, then the automatic sequencing of
numeric values will be suspended until the next "null" or numeric value is
encountered.
The following two items should only be selected if footnotes are to be
stored in a document other than the editing document.
Document Name: Selection here is to (1) store footnote text to be created,
(2) locate footnote text to be revised, or (3) locate existing footnote
text to be included in the document.
Diskette Name: The name of the diskette on which the above document resides
is entered by the operator.
System Page Number: An entry here is for calling a page which contains the
footnote text. If both the Document Name and Diskette Name are blank, then
the system will assume that footnote text is to be stored with the
document being created or edited. The system will store the footnote text
on the next available page on or above 9000 (i.e., 9000, 9000.0.1,
9000.0.2, . . . ) and after existing footnote pages.
If the operator specifies another Document Name/Diskette Name, then any
page number of that document may be used to store the footnote text. If no
page number is specified, then the first available page will be used. The
operator may also specify that a particular existing page number be used
by selecting this ITEM and entering the page number.
The Footnote Instruction thus created in memory will have the following
makeup:
(1) Footnote Reference Control (FTR) followed by the following controls:
(2) Begin Formatted Text Control (BFT)
(3) Leading characters
(4) Footnote number
(5) Trailing characters
(6) End Formatted Text Control (EFT)
The BFT/EFT control pair is used by the system to identify data that was
generated by the system and may be later updated or modified by the
system.
The value of the footnote number itself may be:
(1) Sequentially assigned by the system when the footnote instruction is
created (and prior to assembly for merging and paginating the footnote and
body text).
(2) Explicity assigned by the operator when the footnote instruction is
created.
(3) Determined by the system during the assembly operation.
As a result, a footnote number (together with any leading and/or trailing
characters) will always appear in the body text after a footnote
instruction is created.
Upon revising a footnote instruction, the Footnote Instruction can be
altered by placing the cursor on the Footnote Instruction and pressing the
Enter key. The Footnote Me | | |
