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Description  |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to electronic communication terminals and
particularly relates to electronic communication terminals that can be
connected to the direct distance dial telephone network for communication
with order receiving apparatus of any one of plural merchants.
Buying consumer goods, shoes, shirts, milk and bread, typically has
occurred in different retail stores carrying the desired merchandise. A
person drives or walks to each store, selects the brand, type and size
shoes or shirt, etc., stands in line at the cash register and then drives
or walks home. Many stores for basic human needs, such as food and
clothes, are distributed among residential areas for convenience of the
buyers. Specialty stores and large department stores often are centered in
large shopping centers, which typically are less convenient to travel to,
but the grouping of several stores offsets this inconvenience.
Catalog shopping alleviates the need for the buyer to leave his or her home
and is effected by the different merchants mailing their printed catalogs
to individual households. The individuals then can place their order in
writing by mail or orally over the telephone. The national direct distance
dialing telephone network is a great advantage in this latter regard
because it enables specialty stores to mail catalogs to particular
households across the country and receive telephone orders orally quickly
and with the least amount of effort of the buyers.
The development of large complex electronic stock control and ordering
devices has substantially increased the efficiency of stores re-ordering
goods from manufacturers and distributors, but until now, these
efficiencies were unavailable to the general buying public. One of the
problems has been the absence of an easy to operate device or process,
having a low cost, that can convey to many different stores the
information unique to the desired goods or merchandise in a form
acceptable to each store. Further, such a device or process must include
confidential recognition data to insure the security of received orders,
i.e. that the indicated person actually ordered the goods or merchandise,
that the correct credit account or bank checking account is charged, etc.
Such a device and process can be extremely helpful to people who are
incapacitated and have trouble traveling to stores, to people who live in
high crime areas where it is dangerous to travel and to people who live in
high rise buildings and desire the convenience of doing their basic goods
shopping from their apartment.
Such a device or process must automatically perform any complicated data
entry procedure or step, such as entering a merchandise code, a merchant's
security code etc. This simplifies and increases the accuracy of the
device or process so that it can be used effectively by the general
public. A complicated order entry process could not be performed by many
elderly or incapacitated people and would be frustrating and inaccurate to
most people, especially busy people who have little time to learn complex
data entry systems. Moreover, having to learn a different manual ordering
procedure or sequence for each different store would effectively prevent
the usage of such a device or system by the general public.
Fortunately, some of the differences between stores already has been
removed by the introduction of the universal product codes (UPC) in the
form of spaced black bars printed on a white background. These codes are
believed most prevalent on foods and have enabled the use of electronic
check-out counters in food stores. The purchase of foods is one primary
application of the device and process of the invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, an automated electronic ordering
telecommunications terminal or device provides for ordering goods or
merchandise of any one of several merchants from the home and over the
direct distance dial telephone network. The goods to be ordered are
illustrated on printed materials such as catalogs, newspaper inserts and
other advertisements delivered to the home, usually by mail. Next to the
description for each item of goods is a merchandise code, for example a
universal product bar code, that is machine readable.
The ordering device has a hand held wand that is passed over or across the
merchandise code corresponding to the desired item sought to be purchased
to record the information required for ordering the selected item. The
ordering device also includes a storage element, such as a plug-in
cartridge or an integral electronic component that carries the telephone
number, formatting information and security codes, all referred to as
recognition data, of the desired merchant's order receiving apparatus or
computer. The storage element also has space for temporarily storing the
product ordering information.
A person effects the transmittal of the order, represented by the recorded
information recognized by the wand, when desired by simply depressing
control buttons located on the device cabinet. A one line display of text
characters on the cabinet directs the user to depress the correct buttons
to effect the desired transactions. Indicator lights also on the cabinet
indicate the operation of the device.
In the preferred embodiment, the device includes a microprocessor based
central controller having a program fixed in a read only memory (ROM). The
storage element includes both ROM for the recognition data and random
access memory (RAM) for the temporary order information for subsequent
transmittal to the merchant's apparatus. The wand can be part of a
commercially available bar code reader that readily connects to the
controller. Connecting and interfacing the device to the switched
telephone network is the function of an included modem, also commercially
available.
Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent upon
making reference to the specification, claims, and drawings to follow.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a telecommunications terminal or ordering
device according to the invention connected to order receiving apparatus
of several different merchants through a direct distance dial telephone
network; and
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of said device and a catalog carrying printed
machine readable merchandise codes.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A home, electronic telecommunications terminal or merchandise ordering
device is indicated generally in FIGS. 1 and 2 by the reference character
10. In FIG. 1, device 10 is electrically connected to the local, national
and international telephone network or direct distance dial (DDD)
telephone network 12 by telephone line 14. Through DDD network 12, device
10 can be connected to any other telephone number desired and equipment
connected thereto, for example, the order receiving apparatus 16, 18, 20
and 22 respectively of merchants A, B, C and D over telephone lines 24,
26, 28 and 30. Device 10 thus can establish a telephone communication link
to the corner drug store as simply as to an outdoor specialty goods store
across the nation.
Device 10, referring also to FIG. 2, comprises a cabinet 32 enclosing
several subassemblies including a bar code reader 34. Reader 34 is such as
a commercially available sub-assembly and has a hand movable sensor in the
form of a wand 36 at the remote end of a flexible cable 38. Alternatively,
the sensor of reader 34 can be desk submerged or panel implanted and cable
38 can be replaced with a suitable radio transmitter and receiver in the
wand 36 and device 10, respectively.
The sensor of wand 36 is intended to be passed across or over printed
machine readable codes such as universal product codes 40, 42 and 44 in
catalog 46. Each product code 40, 42 and 44 indicates, in the form of
black bars on a white background, the numerical identification
corresponding to one particular piece of goods or merchandise sold by the
merchant who printed and distributed catalog 46. Bar code reader 34
operates to convert the printed product codes, sensed by wand 36 being
passed thereover, into electrical merchandise code signals that are
presented on leads 48.
Of course, product codes 40. 42 and 44 can be printed on other types of
publications such as inserts for magazines and newspapers, the newspapers
and magazines themselves, mailers, etc., and on an actual product to be
reordered.
Wand 36 can consist of a plastic pencil-shaped device that houses a
light-emitting diode (LED), a photo-sensitive diode (PHD) and a lens
through which the light emitted by the LED passes. The light is directed
onto the surface on which the bar code 40, 42 and 44 is printed and is
then reflected back through the lens and to the PHD. The light from the
light-emitting diode can pass through the lens at an angle. These parts
are conventional and are not specifically illustrated.
Wand 36 is connected by the suitably highly flexible conductor cable 38 to
the decoding-encoding electronics of reader 34 that performs a translation
function. Reader 34 includes integrated circuits and a microprocessor that
receive an analog electrical signal generated by the wand 36 and converts
it into a digital electronic signal that can be fed to any suitable
computer. Included in reader 34 can be an amplifier and a signal shaping
circuit.
Reader 34 receives the signal from the wand 36, which is an analog signal
corresponding to the widths of the bars in the printed bar code, and
converts the signals to binary data signals having counts corresponding to
the widths of successive reflecting and non-reflecting sections of the bar
code. These counts are temporarily stored until the entire series of
signals for one complete code (one item) is received; then the reader
electronics compares the counts with its table of valid codes. If a match
is made, the code is accepted, a signal is sent to an audible tone
producing device (not shown) to indicate the proper reading of the code,
and the data represented by the code is recorded as a selected item.
Device 10 further includes a recognition data cartridge 50 that can be
inserted, in the direction indicated by arrows 54 and 56, into a
receptacle 52 for electrical connection to leads 60. Cartridge 50 can
contain data concerning: the customer's account number; the name,
telephone number and other information of the merchant; the type of bar
code the merchant uses and security codes necessary to communicate with
the order receiving apparatus, such as apparatus 16, 18, 20 and 22, of
each desired merchant. The cartridges can be obtained from each merchant
directly or from a distributor. There can be one such cartridge for each
merchant who allows the selected customer to order merchandise with device
10, there can be one such cartridge for all of the merchants, or there can
be one such cartridge for each group of selected ones of the merchants.
In any event, cartridge 50 can include a sealed plastic case enclosing a
desired type of memory storage element such as a non-volatile random
access memory (NVRAM) component, a battery power supply (BPS) mounted back
to back with the NVRAM or otherwise connected thereto, one or more circuit
boards carrying the memory element and battery, and an identifying label
(not shown). If desired, leads 60 can be carried by an edge of the circuit
card protruding from the case of cartridge 50.
Alternatively, the recognition data can be carried in a recognition data
ROM 62 that functionally and physically replaces cartridge 50 and
receptacle 52. ROM 62 is fixed in device 10 for removal or replacement by
a serviceman, as desired. Cartridge 50 or ROM 62 can include portions in
which the electrical merchandise code signals from reader 34 can be
temporarily stored as they are sensed.
A central controller 70 receives the merchandise control signals from
reader 34 on leads 48 and the recognition data signals from cartridge 50
and receptacle 52 on leads 72, or alternatively from ROM 62, on leads 74.
Controller 70 operates to establish a telephone communications link from
device 10 to a selected order receiving apparatus 16, 18, 20 or 22, place
a desired order therewith and generally care for automatic operation of
the device 10 with a minimal amount of effort and action from the user. To
this end, controller 70 comprises: a microprocessor such as a TMS 7000
CMOS integrated circuit; fixed memory such as a mask programmed ROM
carrying the operating program for the device 10; temporary storage memory
such as RAM used for holding an item selection list, data received from
the order receiving apparatus and other temporary data such as count
sequences from the reader 34; and other related support logic such as
counters and modem connection logic such as a universal asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (UART) integrated circuit.
Alternatively but less advantageously, controller 70 can be implemented in
discrete components to achieve the functions desired and described herein.
Controller 70 establishes a telephone communications link through a modem
76 and interface electronics 78, both internal of cabinet 32 over leads
80, 82 and 84. Modem 76 is a telecommunications device that transmits and
receives serial binary data over the DDD telephone network using
frequency-shift-keyed (FSK) modulation. Modem 76 can be compatible with
the Bell 103 series data sets and can communicate at a rate of 300 bits
per second. Modem 76 can provide all the necessary modulation,
demodulation and filtering required to carry out a serial, asynchronous
communications link. Leads 80, 82 and 84 carry between the controller 70,
modem 76 and interface electronics 78 all necessary control and
information signals to send and receive data over the communications link.
Interface electronics 78 can contain components to fulfill a complete
electronic telephone with auto-dialing, call-waiting report, busy signal
and optional keyboard interface. This is well known.
Control switches 86 and indicator lights 88 are connected to controller 70
by leads 90 and 92 and are used respectively to control and indicate the
status of the operation of device 10. Switches 86 can include one power
on/off switch and five (5) momentary contact switches. The momentary
contact switches can be connected to individual flip-flop circuits having
outputs that are carried over leads 90 for monitoring by controller 70.
Switches 86 can have the following designations:
(1) ON/OFF;
(2) SELECT;
(3) END;
(4) SEND;
(5) NO; and
(6) YES.
Lights 17 are lighted and extinguished by control of controller 70 over
leads 92 by known circuits and can have the following designation and
significance as follows:
L1: POWER ON
L2: PROCEED (Green)
L3: WAIT (Red)
L4: SELECTION ACKNOWLEDGED
L5: NO (Red)
L6: YES (Green)
Other control switches and indicator lights are possible, as desired.
Character display 94, connected to controller 70 by leads 96, displays text
messages to the operator describing the status of the device and actions
required to be performed by the operator to advance the ordering process.
These message could be as simple as a "HELLO" when power is first applied
to the device, or a command to use the wand or depress a button.
Display 19 preferably is a liquid crystal alphanumeric display module or
modules providing one line of thirty-two (32) characters. More or less
character display can be provided as desired. A 5.times.7 dot matrix or
other matrix arrangement can be used for each character to provide upper
and lower case letters, numbers, symbols and punctuation. Such
commercially available displays include such as a CMOS very large scale
integration (VLSI) microprocessor, character memory RAM, character
generation RAM and ROM, and refresh, control and timing signals.
Device 10 can operate as follows:
Power to the device is applied by activating the ON/OFF switch. The ON/OFF
and PROCEED lights are lit and the following sign-on message will appear
on the display:
"***To Start, Press SELECT***"
The user then presses the SELECT button. Nothing whatever will happen if
the user presses any other button except the ON/OFF button, in which case
power to the circuit will merely be disconnected. If the SELECT button is
pressed, the user is given three (3) options that are indicated on the
display:
"SELECT to (Shop); SEND to (Order); or END"
If the SELECT button is pressed again by the user, the WAIT light will come
on, the display will state: "Insert Cartridge and Press the YES Key", and
the WAIT light will go off and the PROCEED, NO and YES lights will come on
to await the user's response. If the YES button is then pressed, the
cartridge 50 inserted in receptacle 52, will be examined by controller 70
and the display will state: "(MERCHANT'S NAME) Cartridge (YES or NO)". If
the user has inserted the correct cartridge (that is the cartridge
properly identifying the merchant from whom the user desires to order
goods), the user will confirm the selection to the system by pressing the
YES button and the system will read the unique encoding scheme for the
particular merchant off the cartridge and set the device procedures to
enable the user to select the items that he wants. When this process is
completed the NO and YES lights will go off, the PROCEED light will stay
on and the display will state: "Please Make Your Selections; END to Quit."
Alternatively, a fixed ROM 62 can be used rather than a plurality of
cartridges. If a fixed memory is used, the identity of a merchant with
whom an order is to be placed (and, if desired, other data concerning the
merchant) are supplied to controller 70 by passing wand 36 over one or
more sets of bar code indicia that identify such merchant and, if desired,
provide other such data. If it is then desired to contact a different
merchant, wand 36 can be passed over bar code indicia associated with such
different merchant and thereby data relating to such different merchant
can be introduced into controller 70. This data can take the place of the
data previously contained therein relating to the first merchant or can be
contained in the memory in addition to the data relating to the first
merchant. In such an embodiment the user can store in ROM 62 data
associated with each of several merchants, including a list of items to be
ordered from each.
Controller 70 will then cause a file to be opened in an append mode (so all
selections do not have to be made at one time) on the cartridge and the
system will then be ready to receive data from wand 36. The same displayed
message will stay on through the entire selection mode.
Each item is selected by passing the wand 36 over bar code indicia, such as
indicia 40, 42 and 44, printed on an item taken from a counter or shelf by
the user or printed on a sheet supplied to the user by the merchant or
otherwise obtained by the user. Such a sheet can be a sheet in an
advertising brochure or can be a page in catalog 46. Thus each bar code is
"associated" with the corresponding merchandise item whether printed on
the item itself or in connection with some representation of the item such
as a name, title, symbol or picture.
As each item is selected, the SELECTION ACKNOWLEDGED light will blink and a
buzzer will sound to acknowledge that a valid reading has been made and
that data identifying the designated item selected is recorded in the
cartridge or in controller 70. In effect, then, the cartridge will simply
store the identification of an item or a number of items that the user may
wish to order at a later time. When the selection process is completed,
the user will so indicate by pressing the END button. The WAIT, NO and YES
lights will then come on and the display will state: "To Confirm Please
Press the YES Button." The user can then press any button other than the
YES button and if so, the device responds as if the NO button were
pressed, reestablishing the SELECT mode. If the user presses the YES
button, the selection file is closed and the display states "End of Item
Selection for `STORE NAME`,". The device disables any input from the wand
36, turns off all lights except ON/OFF and SELECT and displays the Sign-On
Message.
In a non-preferred embodiment, the SEND process described below can take
place automatically immediately after each selection is made.
When the SELECT button has been pressed and the corresponding message
displayed, the user can press the SEND button rather than the SELECT
button or the END button. If the SEND button is pressed, the WAIT light
will come on and the display will state: "Insert Cartridge and Press the
YES Key". The NO and YES lights will then come on to await the user's
response. The YES key can then be pressed and if it is, the cartridge will
be examined by controller 70 and the display will state: "(MERCHANT'S
NAME) Cartridge (YES or NO)". If the user is then satisfied that he has
inserted the correct cartridge, user can confirm the selection by pressing
the YES button. Then the interface electronics 78 will place a call to
such as Merchant A's order receiving apparatus 16 through modem 76
according to the telephone number in the cartridge 50. If the lines are
busy, it can continue to call and call again until a connection is made.
When a connection is made, the merchant's apparatus 16 will know who is
calling by requesting and receiving the customer I.D. number off the
cartridge and check to see if the cartridge has been reported stolen or
lost. The method of payment can be checked with the merchant's records and
if the user is a charge account customer, user's credit limit can be
checked. If user usually pays by check (Electronic Banking), it can check
user's bank balance. If the merchant's apparatus 16, usually a large
computer, has received no negative information concerning user in the
checks thus made, apparatus 16 will be enabled to record user's order and
the display 94 will state: "Verification Mode: YES=Start * NO=Abort". The
WAIT light will go off and the PROCEED, NO and YES lights will come on. If
user then presses the YES button, the display will display for a moment:
"**** Press YES to Order/NO to Reject ****". The items that the user has
previously selected are then transmitted over the telephone communications
link to apparatus 16 and are compared against its data base. Starting with
the first item in the list of selections on user's cartridge, the
description of this item, along with "today's" price (the current price)
may be shown on display 94. The apparatus 16 then waits for user's
response (Yes or No). If user's response is No, as may be indicated by
pressing the NO button or otherwise, the display can show: "* Your
Rejection of This Item is Acknowledged *". If user's response is "YES", as
indicated by his pressing the YES button or otherwise, the display will
state "Your Selection is Acknowledged and Ordered." This process is
continued until the last item in the list of selections has been verified.
The display states: "Shall This Order be Delivered? YES or NO." If user
responds with a NO, by pressing the NO button or otherwise, the display
will show the address where user can pick up the merchandise. If user's
response is YES, as indicated by pressing the YES button or otherwise, the
merchant's apparatus 16 will know the user's address from information
supplied by the merchant's customer records and will include the
appropriate information in the order. The display will then be caused to
display the total amount of user's order and any delivery charge, if
applicable. After a few moments, the display will show a "thank you"
message. The controller 70 then will erase the file on user's cartridge 50
that contained items that user selected so the next time user makes
selections from this merchant user starts with an empty file in the
cartridge. Controller 70 also closes the order file, instructs merchant's
apparatus to disconnect itself from the telephone system, disconnects
device 10 from the telephone system, turns off all the lights except POWER
ON and PROCEED and displays the Sign-On Message.
Inputs to the device 10 and more particularly to controller 70 can be by
means other than closing one of switches 86. Other methods of providing
inputs include voice actuation and screen-touch switching. Thus, the
switches 86 can be replaced with switches which are actuated in response
to the detection by a sensor of voice signals that are determined to be
equivalent to YES or NO, to accomplish suitable operation of the method of
the invention. Also, devices comprising computer display screens are
available in which switching takes place in response to touching of the
display screen by a user's finger; such a device may be used to provide
switching in device 10. Further, in places of switches 86, other than the
ON/OFF switch, there may be provided a plurality of bar code indicia such
that each set or group of such indicia corresponds to a function to be
enabled by closing a switch. The controller 70 can be programmed to enable
each such function when wand 36 is passed over the corresponding bar code
indicia.
If user presses the END button while in the Select Mode, the display will
show: "To Confirm Please Press the YES Button". The NO and YES lights then
will come on. If user's response is Yes, as indicated by pressing the YES
button, or otherwise, the system controller 70 may then close the
selection file, disable any input from wand 36 and go back to displaying
the Sign-On Message. If user's response is a NO, the process will then
resume as usual.
If the user presses the END button while in the Send Mode, the display will
show: "To Confirm Please Press the YES button", and the NO and YES light
will come on. If user's response is then Yes, the display will show:
"****ORDER ABORTED AND NOT ENTERED****". This causes the file in apparatus
16 to be closed, apparatus 16 to be disconnected from the device and the
display to show the Sign-On Message. The selected file in the cartridge
will remain intact. If the user's response is NO, the ordering process
will resume as usual.
The device of the invention has been described as an "ordering device" and
its operation to order merchandise from a vendor has been described. The
word "order" has many definitions. Among these, "order" when used as a
transitive verb may mean "to give instructions for; issue a command for"
or, when used as a noun, may mean "a written commission or instruction to
supply, purchase or sell something": (Funk and Wagnalls' "College Standard
Dictionary", p. 798; 1943, Wilcox and Follett, Chicago, Ill.)
In accordance with these definitions, the term "ordering" is used herein as
a verb to mean "the act of providing to one who is to act on or respond to
an order, such commission or instruction" (which may of course be reduced
to writing by a printer attached to merchant's apparatus 16).
Beyond use in a home for ordering consumer goods and merchandise, device 10
of the invention can find utility in other applications such as a small
retail store that needs to order resupply of goods or merchandise from any
one of several distributors or manufacturers.
In every instance in which a "merchant" is referred to in connection with
the invention, the merchant is considered to be one who has available an
apparatus comprising such as a main-frame computer with the ability to
receive and initiate many telephone calls simultaneously at a suitable
location.
The process of the invention can be thought of as involving the steps of
generating bar code or electrical merchandise code signals, establishing a
telephone communications link with a distant order receiving apparatus of
a desired merchant, and conveying the merchandise code signals to be
desired merchant in conjunction with stored recognition data individual to
that merchant.
In an alternative embodiment, lights 88 can be omitted.
This statement should be amplified with the explanation that these lights
serve as supplementary indicators to the user. Display 94 provides a first
or primary indication to the user of the status of the device and of
either the results of the previous step taken by the user or the next step
or steps which are to be taken by the user. The lights 86 serve as a
secondary indication to the user of the status of the device and of steps
taken or to be taken, thereby augmenting or supplementing the indications
provided to the user by display 94. Thus, rather than omitting all of the
lights, only one or more might be omitted and, as an alternative, one or
more additional indicator lights might be provided.
Switches 88 are described as being of a certain number and having certain
designated functions. The number of functions may be reduced and thereby
the number of switches reduced without departing from the invention,
although the alternatives thus provided to user may be narrowed. For
example, the ON/OFF switch may be omitted in which case closing the SELECT
switch might also turn on power to the device. Then either pressing the
END switch or non-use of the device for a certain period of time, say 15
minutes, could cause power to the device to be turned off.
It may be repeated that in place of manually operated switches there may be
provided voice-activated swtiches or switches activated by finger touch of
the display screen. Switching might also be accomplished in response to
passing the wand 36 over a printed code that represents the desired
function.
When separate cartridges 50 are used, it is essential to proper functioning
of the device that a non-volatile memory be provided in each cartridge. If
no cartridges are used, then the memory 62 must be provided alternatively
to serve the function of storage in each cartridge.
Alternatively, data storage can be provided in either tape or disk form.
Thus each cartridge could contain a magnetic tape and be of any one of the
well-known structures and configurations utilized with tape recorders. Or,
if no cartridges are used, such a tape, with its necessary reels, drive,
magnetic head and associated electronics might be provided within device
10. If tape cartridges are used, the apparatus normally provided in a tape
recorder-player would need to be provided within device 10. A floppy disk
or even a hard disk, with its associated drive, might be provided in each
cartridge, or if no cartridges are used, then in device 10, to provide the
necessary non-volatile memory.
The use of either tape or disk or any other means involving mechanical
parts or elements for providing the needed non-volatile memory is
alternative, particularly in view of the fact that the necessary memory
can be provided in discrete integrated circuit form. A suitable component
could be a bubble circuit or an EPROM or a battery-backed RAM. The latter
is an integrated circuit having a small battery permanently attached
thereto which provides power to maintain the data.
There are several principal codes used as bar codes. The method of the
invention and the apparatus for carrying out the method are compatible
with these codes and with other codes less well known. Equivalents may be
utilized.
Thus, the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without
departing f | | |
