A novel 4-cyanopiperidine derivative, which is represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X means a halogen atom, or an acid addition salt thereof, is prepared by reacting N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-carbamoylpiperidine or an acid addition salt thereof with a dehydrating and halogenating agent; or by reacting 4-cyanopiperidine or a salt thereof with a compound represented by the following general formula (IV): wherein X has the same meaning as defined above and Y denotes the same halogen atom as X or another halogen atom. The derivative is useful as intermediate for synthesis of quinuclidine derivative which is in turn useful as intermediate for the production of medicines, chemicals, etc.
A method and apparatus are provide for dynamically bonding plural workpiece layers together. The apparatus comprises: a first assembly including a rotatable element having an outer circumferential portion adapted to engage one of the workpiece layers; a second assembly including an anvil roll adapted to engage another of the workpiece layers and defining with the rotatable element a nip for receiving the workpiece layers; a drive mechanism for effecting rotation of the rotatable element and the anvil roll; and servo motor apparatus for applying a predefined force to at least one of the rotatable element and the anvil roll so as to bias the rotatable element and the anvil roll together. Further provided is a control system coupled to the servo motor apparatus for varying the force applied by the servo motor apparatus to the at least one of the rotatable element and the anvil roll such that the outer circumferential portion of the rotatable element and the anvil roll engage and bond together predefined portions of the plural workpiece layers passing through the nip.
