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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a visual acuity testing apparatus, more
particularly, the present invention pertains to a visual acuity testing
apparatus of a subjective type used for inspecting visual acuity.
2. Related Art Statement
In conventional subjective type visual acuity testing apparatuses, it is
required to lengthen the distance between an eye to be tested and an
apparatus for inspecting visual acuity in order to eliminate an influence
due to the ability of accommodation of the eye and therefore, these
apparatuses have been constructed so that a visual acuity table is placed
at 6 meters distant from the eye to carry out the inspection of visual
acuity.
For that reason, a quite wide space for carrying out the visual acuity
inspection should be secured when using such a conventional subjective
visual acuity testing apparatus. However, it is particularly difficult for
opticians and ophthalmologists to secure or maintain such wide space
since, in general, the floor area thereof is very small and limited.
Moreover, in the conventional subjective visual acuity testing apparatuses,
a support arm is vertically disposed on and fixed to the top of a table to
support a unit for inspecting visual acuity at an upper portion of the
support arm.
When such a subjective visual acuity testing apparatus is used to inspect
eyes, it is also necessary to secure a space to be occupied by a
consultant other than the space for eye examination.
However, it is quite difficult for opticians and ophthalmologists, the
floor areas of which are quite small, to secure both areas for carrying
out eye examination and consultation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
As seen from the above description, conventional subjective visual acuity
testing aparatuses have a variety of disadvantages to be eliminated.
Accordingly, there has been a strong need for visual acuity testing
apparatus which have not such disadvantages or drawbacks.
Thus, the principal object of this invention is to provide a visual acuity
testing apparatus having a simple structure and permitting the eye
examination within a quite narrow space (floor area) compared with
conventional apparatuses.
Another object of this invention is to provide a visual acuity testing
apparatus having a single construction and making it possible to carry out
eye examination and consultation within the same space.
A further object of this invention is to provide a supporting apparatus for
a visual acuity testing apparatus.
The above mentioned and other objects of this invention can be achieved by
providing a new visual acuity testing apparatus which comprises a test
chart display means having a display surface pointing to upward direction;
a first reflecting means, disposed above the test chart display means, to
downwardly reflect a light beam from the test chart display means; a
support arm means; a second reflecting means, supported by the support arm
means, for reflecting the light beam reflected by the first reflecting
means towards eyes to be tested.
According to another aspect of this invention, the visual acuity testing
apparatus comprises a table provided with at least one leg; a test chart
display means capable of being contained in the leg; a first reflecting
means, disposed in the table, for reflecting a light beam from the test
chart display means; a support arm means disposed in the table; and a
second reflecting means, supported by the support arm means, for
reflecting the light beam reflected by the first reflecting means towards
eyes to be tested.
These and other object, features and advantages of the present invention
will be well appreciated upon reading of the following description of the
invention when taken in conjunction with the attached drawing with
understanding that some modifications, variations and changes of the same
could be made by the skilled person in the art to which the invention
pertains without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope
of claims appended hereto.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The visual acuity testing apparatus according to the present invention will
hereunder be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying
drawings; wherein FIG. 1 to 4 show diagrams illustrating the visual acuity
testing apparatuses according to the present invention, more specifically,
FIG. 1 is an illustrative structural diagram showing an embodiment of the
visual acuity testing apparatus in which the first reflector is arranged
on the ceiling of the chamber or room for carrying out the eye
examination;
FIG. 2 is an illustrative structural diagram showing another embodiment of
the visual acuity testing apparatus in which the first reflector is
disposed on the ceiling of the eye examination room, while the second
reflector is mounted to the subjective testing means for inspecting visual
acuity;
FIG. 3 is an illustrative structural diagram showing a further embodiment
of the visual acuity testing apparatus in which the first reflector is
disposed in the table; and
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the reflectors of the
visual acuity testing apparatus shown in FIG. 3 and its optical path.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
In the following, the present invention will be described in more detail
with reference to preferred embodiments shown in the drawings.
<First Embodiment>
Now referring to FIG. 1, the first embodiment of the visual acuity testing
apparatus according to this invention is shown. In FIG. 1, a table 1 is
placed in a room (not shown) for the eye examination and on the table 1,
there is disposed a test chart display means (CRT) 2 i.e., a visual acuity
table display means for exhibiting a test chart to a subject to be
examined. The display surface of the CRT 2 is placed on the table 1 in the
manner that the level of the display surface is equal to that of the table
surface and points in an upper direction towards the ceiling (not shown)
of the eye examination room. The first reflecting mirror 3 may be disposed
on the ceiling (not shown) of the eye examination room as the first
reflecting means or the first reflector. However, the present invention is
not limited to placing mirror 3 on the ceiling of the eye examination
room. Alternatively, a freely expansible support prop having a flat
portion at the upper extremity thereof can be mountied on the table 1 and
the mirror 3 can be disposed on the flat portion. Moreover, the support
porp may be designed to be a separate member independent of the table and
may be arranged by one side of the table.
In FIG. 1, the reference numeral 4 represents a second reflector serving as
the second reflecting mirror on the second reflecting means, the reference
numeral 5 a support arm for the mirror, freely expansible (i.e., a support
means), 6 a leg disposed to one of the sides of the table 1, 6a a chamber
for containing a mirror formed within the whole leg and 6b a lid for
opening or closing an opening located at the top of the chamber 6a for
containing mirrors.
The support arm 5 for supporting mirrors is formed in an approximately
L-shaped form and comprises a prop 5a constructed by, for instance, a
telescopic pipe so as to freely be expanded and a bent arm 5b mounted on
the top extremity of the prop 5a and capable of free rotation in a
horizontal plane in the direction of an arrow A. Such a prop 5a of the
support arm 5 for supporting a mirror is uprightly mounted and fixed to
the bottom of the chamber 6a at its front part. A support member 9 for
supporting a mirror is secured to the extremity of the bent arm 5b and a
second reflecting mirror 4 is mounted to a lower part of the support
member 9 through stays 10, 10. According to the construction of the visual
acuity testing apparatus, the second reflecting mirror 4 can be contained
within the chamber 6 for containing the same due to the telescopic
movement of the support arm 5 when the eye examination is not effected.
In addition, on the table 1 there is provided a CRT 7 for the operator (or
inspector), on which data obtained during the eye examination or the like
are displayed.
Furthermore, in the second reflecting mirror 4, the CRT 2 for the subject
to be tested is projected through the first reflecting mirror 3. This
second reflecting mirror 4 is not vertically disposed on the support
member 9 as shown in FIG. 1 and is inclined at a desired angle so that the
CRT 2 is reflected to the eyes of the subject to be examined through the
first mirror 3. CRT 2 and CRT 7 are designed so that a digital image of
the test chart is displayed with the operation of a key board 8.
The visual acuity testing apparatus as shown in FIG. 1 may be operated as
will be explained below:
According to the apparatus having the structure explained above, images of
the CRT 2 as the visual acuity table displayer reach the eyes of the
subject 11 to be examined in the manner such that the images of the CRT 2
are first projected to the first mirror 3, then reflected by the mirror 3
towards the second reflecting mirror 4 along the optical path 12 and
thereafter reflected towards the eyes of the subject 11. In this manner,
the subject 11 is subjected to the eyes examination.
This embodiment makes it possible to easily carry out the eye examination
and project a variety of images of the test chart since the test chart is
just before the subject due to the use of the CRT 2, 7 as the visual
acuity table displayer differing from those conventional wall type or
projector type apparatus. Moreover, it is also possible for a subject to
view a specific part of the test chart. The inspector can always recognize
the data obtained during the eye examination by monitoring the CRT. This
is because CRT image specific to the subject to be examined and that image
specific to the inspector are separately disposed. A printer can also be
included in the apparatus to print out data.
When the eye examination is not carried out, support arm 5 provided with
the second reflecting mirror 4 can be contained within the table 1 i.e.,
the chamber 6a formed within the leg 6 of the table and therefore, the
specific space required for a consultant is not limited to using a space
above the table 1.
According to a variation of such embodiment, the CRT may be substituted
with a combination of a projector and a screen or those composed of a
liquid crystal or a visual acuity table card.
<Second Embodiment>
Referring to the attached FIG. 2, there is shown the second embodiment of
the present invention. This embodiment corresponds to that of the first
embodiment explained above except that a subjective testing means 13 i.e.,
a device for testing the refractive power of eyes to be tested as the
testing means is installed to the support means 9 for supporting mirror.
Moreover, in this embodiment, a testing unit 14 is comprised of the
subjective testing means 13 for measuring the refractive power of eyes and
the second reflecting mirror 4 (the second reflector).
This subjective testing means 13 is provided with inspecting members 13a
and 13b for measuring the refractive power of right-hand eye and left-hand
eye respectively. Both of inspecting members 13a, 13b are provided with a
lens unit (not shown) containing a series of lenses for inspection placed
at the level of the eyes of a subject. On each wall of the inspecting
members 13a, 13b, there is formed a sight-through hole (not shown) through
which a subject 11 to be examined can see the second reflecting mirror 4
through the series of lenses. In this connection, the structure of the
testing means 13 is well known and therefore, the concrete structure
thereof is not shown in the Figs.
Furthermore, the second reflecting mirror is not placed vertically as shown
in FIG. 2 and the angle of the mirror can be adjusted so that the light
beam from CRT 2 exactly reaches the eyes of a subject through the
reflecting mirrors 3 and 4.
According to the apparatus having the construction explained above, the eye
examination can be carried out by, for instance, demounting the lens
located at either the inspecting member for right-hand eye (13a) or that
for left-hand eye (13b) of the testing means 13 from the sight-through
hole to make one of the sight-through holes vacant, in the manner similar
to that of the first embodiment. Moreover, the refractive power of the
subject 11 can be inspected if the lens for inspecting the same are
mounted to the sight-through hole.
In addition, the testing unit 14 is supported by the support arm 5 which is
freely expansible and horizontally rotatable and therefore, the unit 14
can be moved so as to face toward the eyes of the subject to be examined
during the eye examination, while the unit 14 can be contained within the
chamber 6a as is shown by the broken line in FIG. 2 when the unit does not
serve to examine the subject.
<Third Embodiment>
Referring now to the attached FIG. 3, there is shown the third embodiment
of the present invention.
In FIG. 3, a CRT 16 for inspector and a glass window 17 are disposed on the
top surface of a table board i.e., on the top surface of the table 15 and
a key board 18 for operating the test chart is arranged at the vicinity of
the CRT 16 for inspector.
Other members are, in FIG. 3, a fifth reflecting mirror 19 as the second
reflecting means i.e., the second reflector which is placed over the glass
window 17, a mirror-supporting arm 20 as the support means disposed at one
side of the table 15, a first leg 21 mounted to the table 15 at one side
thereof, a mirror-containing chamber 21a formed within the leg. 21, a lid
21b for opening or closing an opening at the top of the mirror-containing
chamber 21a and a second leg 22 mounted to the table 15 at the other side
thereof.
The mirror-supporting arm 20 is in an L-shaped form and comprises a prop
20a constructed by, for instance, a telescopic pipe so that the arm is
freely expansible; and a bent arm 20b installed to the upper extermity of
the prop 20a and freely rotatable in a horizontal plane in the direction
shown by an arrow A. Such a prop 20a of the mirror-supporting arm 20 is
uprightly mounted and fixed to the bottom of the mirror-containing chamber
21a. A mirror-supporting member 23 is fixed to the extremity of the bent
arm 20b and fifth reflecting mirror 19 is mounted at the lower portion of
the mirror-supporting member 23 so as to be adjustably rotatable in the
direction of an arrow B, through an angle-adjusting device 24, 24.
According to such construction, the fifth mirror 19 can be contained in
the mirror-containing chamber 21a i.e., within the first leg 21 of the
table 15 due to the telescopic movement of the mirror-supporting arm 20 if
the eye examination operation is not carried out.
As seen from FIG. 4, a mirror-containing chamber 22a is formed within the
whole of a second leg 22 of the table 15, on the bottom of which a CRT 25
for subjects to be examined is disposed near the front wall thereof and a
first reflecting mirror 26 is uprightly mounted and bonded to the back
wall of the chamber 22a, faced toward the front wall.
A second reflecting mirror 27 is uprightly mounted and bonded to the front
wall so as to face to the first mirror 26 and a third reflecting mirror 28
is maintained at the upper and central portion of the mirror-containing
chamber 22a. The third mirror 28 serves to reflect a light beam, which is
directed to the mirror 28 after a multiple reflection between the first
and second reflecting mirrors 26, 27, in a direction almost parallel to
the surface of the table 15. Moreover, a fourth reflecting mirror 29 is
disposed under the glass window 17 placed on the top surface of the table
15 and serves to reflect the light beam reflected by the third reflecting
mirror 28, towards the fifth reflecting mirror 19 as the second reflecting
means. On the display surface of CRT 16, the same test chart as in the CRT
25 is displayed.
The light beam coming out of the CRT 25 is reflected several times between
the reflecting mirrors 26 and 27, then reflected in turn by the third
reflecting mirror 28, the fourth mirror 29 and the fifth mirror 19 and
directed towards the front part of the table 15. These reflecting mirrors
26,27,28 and 29 constitute the first reflector 30.
The apparatus for inspecting functions of eyes having the structure
explained above will be operated in the manner described below.
On the display surface of both CRT 25 and CRT 16 for the subject to be
examined and for the inspector respectively, an identical test chart
composed of digital signals is displayed by the operation of the key board
18. A light beam coming out of the CRT 25 for the subject to be examined
is subjected to a multiple reflection between the reflecting mirrors 26
and 27 and then deflected towards the fourth mirror 29 due to the presence
of the third reflecting mirror 28. The deflected light beam passes through
the glass window 17, is again deflected towards eyes with the fifth mirror
19 and reaches the eyes of the subject to be examined situated at the eye
examination part.
In this embodiment, the mirror-supporting arm 20 provided with the fifth
mirror 19 can be contained in the table 15 i.e., within the
mirror-containing chamber 21a as is shown by the broken line in FIG. 3 and
thus, the eye examination and the consultation can be carried out within
the same space, that is, there is no need for special consulting space.
Due to the fact that CRT is used as the test chart displayer and that, as a
result, the test chart is present just before the subject and the
inspector, it becomes possible to facilitate the observation of the test
chart and display a variety of images on the display surface compared with
the conventional apparatus such as a wall type or projector type.
Moreover, the inspector can confirm the test chart situated just before
him since CRTs' specific to subjects to be examined and inspectors are
separately disposed in the apparatus.
In this embodiment, the apparatus may be designed so that each key of the
key board is provided with a lamp capable of independently switching on or
off and each lamp of the key interested on the key board is turned on
during displaying, instead of using the CRT 16 for inspector.
As other examples, the CRT as the test chart displayer may be replaced with
those constructed by a combination of a projector and a screen, or a
liquid crystal or visual acuity table card. If the second reflector of
this embodiment is installed to the apparatus for determining the
reflective power of eyes as explained in the description of the second
embodiment, the inspection of the refractive power is also possible.
The visual acuity testing apparatus according to the present invention has
hereinbefore been explained in detail with reference to the illustrative
and preferred embodiments. However, it is not intended to restrict the
scope of this invention to those specific embodiments as set forth above,
on the contrary, it should be appreciated that the present invention
includes various kinds of variations, alternatives, modifications and
equivalents as may be included within the scope and spirit of this
invention as defined by the appended claims.
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