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BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
There are many areas across the country that have significant amounts and
types of contaminants in their drinking water. It is desirable, of course,
to remove contaminants if possible; however, there have been a number of
difficulties associated with producing a device that will remove a wide
variety of target contaminants quickly and simply, and in an inexpensive
manner.
According to the present invention, a water treatment apparatus is provided
which is simple and inexpensive to manufacture, simple and easy to use,
and successfully removes a wide variety of, or any desired specific,
contaminants normally present in tap water. The apparatus cooperates with
a conventional common household container such as an empty milk bottle or
juice jug, or like plastic or glass bottles, and ensures that only treated
water is dispensed from the container once it is filled with water which
is treated by the apparatus.
The three basic components of the apparatus according to the invention
comprise an elongated tube, a cartridge containing water treatment media,
and a cap. An additional adaptor component is also provided which enables
use of a single cap design with different container or bottle designs.
The tube, which commonly would be of plastic, has open first and second
ends. Adjacent its open first end, the tube has a plurality of projections
extending radially from it, which projections are spaced from each other
circumferentially around the tube, and which are adapted to make an
interference fit with the interior surface of the neck of a conventional
bottle or the like. A radially outwardly extending flange is also provided
on the top of the projections, the flange minimizing the possibility that
water will enter the bottle except by flowing through the open first end
of the tube. The components are dimensioned so that liquid from within the
bottle can flow between the interior surface of the bottle neck and the
exterior surface of the tube, around the projections and past the flange,
to be dispensed.
The water treatment media can comprise any of a wide variety of water
treatment media such as activated carbon (or like material) to remove
organic materials; silver impregnated coral sand (or like media) to
destroy bacteria; ion exchange resins for removing sodium or other
specific ionic materials; and/or materials which leach magnesium and
calcium back into the water. Media typically would be disposed within a
cartridge, and the cartridge inserted into the tube adjacent the open
second end thereof.
The cap cooperates with the exterior surface of the bottle neck, and is
adapted to close off the tube first end while allowing passage of liquid
from within the bottle between the tube and the neck. In one exemplary
embodiment, the cap includes an upper portion axially spaced from and
substantially co-extensive with a lower portion, the lower portion having
a plurality of arcuately shaped openings therein which are
circumferentially spaced from each other around substantially 360 degrees.
The upper and lower portions are spaced from each other a distance
sufficient to allow liquid to flow through the openings in the lower
portion top surface and to the space between the upper portion and the
lower portion, and then away from the cap. The cap is affixed to the outer
surface of the bottle neck by screw threads, cooperating snap rings, or
the like. The cap typically would be made of high density polyethylene.
In another embodiment, the upper portion of the cap, axially spaced from
the lower portion of the cap by an integral center peg, is removable by
reason of the center peg being snap-fit into a hole formed in the lower
portion.
In another embodiment, the upper portion of the cap is captured within the
lower portion of the cap but frictionally slidable between open and closed
positions.
In still another embodiment, the upper portion of the cap is captured
within the lower portion of the cap but freely slidable therein so that it
remains normally closed by reason of gravitational forces when the bottle
or container is in an upright position, but opens automatically upon a
substantial tilting movement.
In a related aspect, this invention provides an adaptor which converts a
bottle designed for snap-on tops or caps to a bottle which is capable of
receiving screw-on caps.
It is, therefore, the primary object of the present invention to provide a
simple yet effective water treatment apparatus which may be simply and
inexpensively used for removing contaminants from drinking water. This and
other objects of the invention will become clear from an inspection of the
detailed description of the drawings, and from the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side schematic view illustrating a water treatment device
according to the present invention, and a bottle with which it is adapted
to be utilized;
FIG. 2 is a side schematic view showing the device of FIG. 1 in use with a
bottle during the filling of the bottle, and with the cap of the device
removed;
FIG. 3 is a side schematic view of the device and bottle of FIG. 1 as
utilized for pouring treated liquid out of the bottle;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the elongated tube component of the device of FIG.
1;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the tube of FIG. 4;
FIGS. 6 and 7 are cross-sectional views of the tube of FIG. 5, taken along
lines 6--6 and 7--7 thereof;
FIG. 8 is a side cross-sectional view of the cartridge of the device of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a bottom plan view of the cartridge of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a side cross-sectional view of the assembled device according to
the invention in association with a bottle, the cross-section being taken
at an area of the tube where it has an interference fit with the bottle;
FIG. 11 is a view similar to that of FIG. 10 but wherein the cross-section
is taken at an area of the tube between the interference-fit providing
projections;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the cap of the device of FIG. 10 taken
along lines 12--12 thereof;
FIG. 13 is a side cross-sectional view of a modified form of cap according
to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a side schematic cross-sectional view of a modified form of
device which employs snap rings to secure the cap to a bottle;
FIG. 15 is a side cross-sectional view of the assembled device according to
another embodiment of the invention wherein the upper portion of the cap
is friction fit within the lower portion of the cap and movable between
open and closed positions;
FIG. 16 is a side cross-sectional view of the assembled device according to
still another embodiment of the invention wherein the upper portion of the
cap is freely slidable within the lower portion of the cap and gravity
actuated between open and closed positions; and
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of an adaptor element in accordance with
another aspect of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
An exemplary water treating device according to the present invention is
illustrated generally by reference numeral 10 in the drawings, and it is
adapted to be utilized in association with a conventional container such
as a bottle 11 which has a neck 11'. The bottle 11 typically would be of
glass or plastic. The major components of the device 10 comprise the tube
12, which is seen most clearly in FIGS. 4 through 7, a cartridge 13 for
the water treatment media, which is seen most clearly in FIGS. 1, 8, and
9, and a cap 15, 115, 215 and 315 which is seen most clearly in FIGS. 2
and 10 through 16.
There is a configuration of flange and projections, shown generally by
reference numeral 14, formed at a first end of the hollow tube 12. The
tube, which typically would be made of plastic, has open first and second
ends shown generally by reference numerals 17 and 18, respectively, in
FIG. 4. Adjacent the first open end 17 there is provided the flange and
projection construction 14. This construction preferably comprises a
plurality (four in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawings)
of inverted L-shaped projections 19 which each have the L portion 20
thereof extending generally horizontally and adapted to abut the top of a
bottle 11 at its neck 11' (as seen in FIGS. 10, 11, 14, 15 and 16), and
having the leg portion 21 of the L extending radially a sufficient
distance from the exterior surface 22 of the tube 12 so that it forms an
interference fit with the bottle 11 at the neck 11'. The bottom of the leg
21 is typically tapered, as illustrated by reference numeral 23 in FIG. 6,
as by having a 30 degree angle, so that as the tube 12 is inserted into
the bottle the tapered portions 23 will help locate and position the
projections 19 within the bottle.
Located "above" the plurality of attaching projections 19 is a flange 25
which is circumferentially continuous around the tube 12, as seen most
clearly in FIG. 5. The flange 25 assists--when the bottle 11 is being
filled with liquid such as water from a faucet 30--see FIG. 2--in
preventing the water from entering the bottle 11 except through the open
end 17 of the tube 12. However the flange 25 does allow water to flow
between the interior surface of the neck 11' and the exterior surface 22
of the tube 12, as can be seen by the flow arrows indicated in FIG. 11.
Located adjacent the second end of the tube 12, within the tube 12, is the
water treatment media. The water treatment media preferably is provided
within a cartridge 13, which cartridge 13 preferably is also of plastic. A
screen (not shown) at the distal end of cartridge 13 prevents the media
from flowing into the bottle 11 with the treated water.
The water treatment media may be any one or more of the following, in
various tiers or levels: activated carbon, or like material for the
removal of organics from the water; silver impregnated coral sand, or
other media, or other bacteriastatic material, for destroying bacteria
within the water; ion exchange resins (such as hydrogen based cation
exchange resin for the removal of sodium) for removal ionic materials from
the water; and/or materials which leach magnesium and/or calcium back into
the water or removing bacteria by microfiltration, or adding vitamins,
minerals & flavorings to the water. With respect to the last material,
since sodium ion exchange softening often results in the removal of
magnesium and calcium from the water, and since those ions are desirable
in the water, the water is "reconstituted". Of course if a mixed ion
exchange resin bed is provided as a water treatment media within the
cartridge 13, the calcium and magnesium leaching material would be
provided downstream of the ion exchange resin. Note that any variety of
water treatment media desired could be disposed within the tube 12, so
that it would be useful for treating water for use in steam irons,
batteries, and other devices which can desirably employ deionized water.
The cap 15 is preferably of high density polyethylene, or a like plastic
(that is, one having properties generally comparable to those of high
density polyethylene). The cap performs a number of functions, but
primarily serves to seal off the open end 17 of the tube 12 during pouring
so that only liquid which has been treated by the media within the
cartridge 13 will be dispensed from the container 11.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, the cap 15 is provided
with a lower portion 31 thereof and an upper portion 32. The lower portion
is generally cylindrical in configuration including a continuous side
element 33 which preferably has internal screw threads, shown generally by
reference numeral 34 in FIGS. 10 and 11, associated therewith which
cooperate with external screw threads (not shown) disposed on the neck 11'
of the container 11. The lower portion 31 also includes a top surface 35
which has means defining a plurality of openings 36 therein (see FIGS. 10
through 12) through which openings liquid being poured flows. As
illustrated in FIG. 12, each of the openings 36 is circumferentially
spaced from the others, for example each opening 36 may cover an arc of
about 20 degrees, with about 20 degrees between the major portions of the
openings 36, and the collective openings 36 extend substantially 360
degrees around the circumference of the top surface 35 so that liquid can
be poured through the cap 15 irrespective of the orientation of the cap
with respect to the bottle.
Instead of screw threads, snap rings or the like, may be provided as
projections for holding the cap on the bottle. FIG. 14 schematically
illustrates a cap 15' with snap rings 34' cooperating with a like
circumferentially continuous snap ring 34" on the bottle neck 11'.
Note that an integral intermediate stem portion 37 is provided which
interconnects the top portion 32 and the lower portion 31, there being a
fixed spacing--shown generally by reference numeral 38 in FIG. 11--between
the portions 31, 32 sufficient to allow liquid to flow therebetween. The
upper portion 32 is substantially co-extensive with the lower portion 31,
and covers the openings 36 so that contaminants cannot enter the treated
water through the top of the cap.
The central portion of the top surface 35, denoted by reference numeral 40
in FIGS. 10 and 11, engages the top surface of the tube 12 adjacent the
first end 17 thereof and seals it (see FIGS. 10 and 11) so that water may
not flow from the interior of the tube 12 to the openings 36. Due to the
material of which the cap 15 is made, and/or the material of the tube 12,
and the tolerances between the components, the seal is tight enough to
essentially prevent any flow of liquid from the interior of the tube 12 to
the openings 36.
FIG. 13 shows an alternative construction of a cap 115 according to the
invention. This construction is similar to that shown in FIGS. 10 and 11
except that the upper portion 132 of the cap is removable, there being a
peg 137' which provides a connection between the stem portion 137 and the
central sealing portion 140. By grasping the upper portion 132 and pulling
upwardly, the portion 132 may be detached from the central portion 140 by
the peg 137' being pulled out of the hole for it formed in the central
portion 140, and by the reverse action it may be snapped into place.
In FIG. 15, an alternative exemplary cap construction 215 is shown wherein
like numerals, prefixed by a "2" are used to designate elements
corresponding to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. The cap 215 is
similar in construction to the previously described embodiments, with the
essential differences that a flat disc-like upper portion 232 is friction
fit within lower portion 231 for sliding movement between open and closed
positions. Thus, whereas the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 has a
fixed spacing 38 between the upper and lower cap portions, the embodiment
in FIG. 15 permits a corresponding space 238 to be closed to prevent
spillage in the event the container is tipped over, and to assist in
maintaining the freshness of the contained liquid.
To this end, the upper portion 232 is provided with a depending
substantially hollow, annular center stem portion 245 which is slidably
received within a bore 246 formed in the lower cap portion 231. The stem
portion 245 has a relatively large diameter approaching the inner diameter
of tube 12.
After assembly, the lower end of stem 245 is flattened in the manner of a
conventional rivet to form an outwardly directed flange or stop means 247
which serves to capture the upper portion 232 within the lower portion 231
and to limit upward movement of the upper portion relative to the lower
portion. In this regard, stem 245 has an axial length greater than the
bore 246 in order to create the space 238 when the upper portion is pulled
upwardly into an open position.
It will be further understood that stem 245 is friction fit within the bore
246 so that the cap, once opened, will remain open until pushed downwardly
into a closed position. The cap otherwise functions identically to the
embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11.
In FIG. 16 there is illustrated still another exemplary embodiment of a cap
construction according to this invention. Again, like numerals but
prefixed by a "3", are used to designate common components. In this
exemplary embodiment, a flat, disc-like upper portion 332 of the cap 315
is freely slidable within the lower portion 331 for gravity actuated
movement between open and closed positions. Whereas the upper portion 232
in the FIG. 15 embodiment, once opened, remains open until pushed closed,
the upper portion 332 in FIG. 16 will remain in a normally closed position
so long as the container is in an upright position. Upon inverting, or at
least tilting beyond a horizontal orientation, as when liquid is to be
dispensed from the container, the upper portion will automatically slide
to an open position to permit liquid to flow out of the container in the
manner previously described.
More specifically, the upper portion 332 of the cap is provided with an
elongated, hollow stem portion 345 which is freely slidably received
within a bore provided in a concentrically arranged, sleeve-like portion
346 which depends from the interior of the lower cap portion. As in the
FIG. 15 embodiment, the lower edge of stem 345 is flattened after assembly
to provide stop means in the form of a flange 347 which captures the upper
portion 332 within the lower portion 331.
It will be understood that the stem 345 and sleeve like portion 346 are
dimensioned such that there is sufficient clearance to enable the upper
portion to slide freely within the bore, but not enough to permit the
escape of any liquid from the container through the tube 12.
As in the FIG. 15 embodiment,the stem 346 has an axial length greater than
the sleeve-like portion in order to create space 338 when the upper
portion is gravity actuated to an open position. Upper portion 332 may be
formed with a depending skirt-like edge 333 which surrounds the upper edge
of lower portion 331 when in the closed position. The cap otherwise
functions identically to the previously described caps.
Turning now to FIG. 17, an adaptor 50 is shown which serves to convert a
standard snap-on cap container or bottle to a screw-on cap container.
While the previously described cap constructions have been described in
terms of use with screw-on cap containers, plastic bottles and the like,
it is also typical of prior art containers to have a snap-on
configuration, as previously described in conjunction with FIG. 14,
wherein caps are simply pushed over a series of raised circumferential
beads or the like. In order to facilitate use of the water treatment
apparatus described herein with both types of conventional prior art
bottles or containers, an adaptor 50 is provided. As shown, the adaptor 50
comprises an annular band of material, preferably plastic, which is
provided on its interior surface with a plurality of raised ribs 52, 54.
The exterior surface is provided with a conventional screw thread
configuration 56. The adaptor is designed to be placed over a conventional
snap-on cap container such that the ribs of the adaptor snap into place
over cooperating ribs or rings formed on the container neck. Cap
constructions as described in conjunction with FIGS. 10, 11, 13, 15 and 16
are then simply screwed onto the container in a conventional fashion.
While the variously described cap constructions may be formed with ribs or
snap rings for use with snap-on type containers, it will be appreciated
that the adaptor 50 provides a convenient expedient allowing the use of a
single cap construction of uniform design with different container and
bottle types.
Operation
Exemplary apparatus according to the present invention having been
described, an exemplary manner of the use thereof will now be set forth.
The cartridge 13 is filled with a suitable water treatment media, such as
activated charcoal, and is inserted into the second end 18 of the tube 12
so that it is disposed in place within the tube 12, or slips over the
exterior of the tube 12, depending upon the relative diameters of the
components. Alternatively the cartridge 13 may have an interior diameter
substantially the same as the exterior diameter of the tube at end 18, and
they are joined together by matching tapered edges.
The tube 12 is then inserted into the bottle or container 11, the second
end 18 thereof passing through the neck 11' of the bottle 11, and
insertion continuing until the projections 19 engage the interior surface
of the neck 11, providing an interference fit therewith, and the cross
portion of each "L", 20, engages the top of the neck 11'. This structure,
with the cap 15 removed, is then filled with water, as from a faucet 30
(see FIG. 2), the water passing through the tube 12, and the media within
the cartridge 13, which treats the water, and the water then flowing to
the interior of the bottle 11. The flange 25 substantially prevents any
liquid from flowing into the bottle 11 between the exterior surface 22 of
the tube 12 and the interior of the neck 11'.
After a sufficient volume of water has been introduced into the bottle 11,
a cap as disclosed in any one of FIGS. 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16 is
disposed on top of the bottle by placing the lower portion 31 thereof over
the bottle neck 11', and then snapping or screwing the cap into place. If
the bottle is of the snap-on type, an adaptor 50 may be used to convert it
to a screw-on type as previously described. Screwed down completely, the
central portion 40 of the cap will abut and seal the top of the tube 12
adjacent the open end 17 thereof. When it is desired to use the treated
drinking water within the bottle 11, as illustrated in FIG. 3 the bottle
is merely turned over to pour the liquid out of the top, the liquid
passing, as illustrated by the flow arrows in FIG. 11 and as illustrated
schematically in FIG. 3, between the exterior surface 22 of the tube 12
and the interior of the neck 11' of the bottle, past the flange 25,
through openings (one or more openings) 36, into the space 38 between the
cap portions 31, 32, and completely out of the bottle. It will be
understood that if the cap is of the type disclosed in FIG. 15, upper
portion 232 must first be pulled upwardly into an open position.
Because the openings 36 are provided around the complete circumference of
the cap, it does not make any difference what the orientation of the
bottle is during pouring.
It will thus be seen that according to the present invention a simple,
inexpensive, yet effective water treatment apparatus has been provided for
treating water for drinking, household use, and the like. While the
invention has been herein shown and described in what is presently
conceived to be the most practical and preferred embodiment thereof, it
will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many
modifications may be made thereof within the scope of the invention, which
scope is to be accorded the broadest interpretation of the appended claims
so as to encompass all equivalent structures and devices.
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