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Description  |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to aqueous, liquid, builderless, suspension-stable
multipurpose cleaning preparations for hard surfaces which act as
abrasives or polishes when applied in dilute form to hard surfaces, but
which behave like typical water-soluble, manual dishwashing detergents or
like non-abrasive multipurpose cleaners for hard surfaces, depending on
the degree of dilution with tapwater.
2. Description of Related Art
Liquid, manual dishwashing detergents which are generally used at slightly
elevated temperatures essentially contain as their active components
mixtures of synthetic anionic surfactants in quantities of from about 4 to
60% by weight and, optionally, small quantities of nonionic surfactants,
preferably alkanolamides, or amphorteric surfactants, and also solvents,
solution promoters, hydrotropes, perfumes and dyes, preservatives,
viscosity regulators, pH regulators and electrolytes. In order to protect
the skin, the pH value is in the range of from about 5.5 to 8.0. In some
cases, although not typically, they may contain small quantities of
builders or complexing agents, such as hexametaphosphate or ethylene
diamine tetraacetate, for use in areas with water of high iron content.
Preparations such as these are known, for example from European Pat. No.
36,625.
Multipurpose cleaning preparations, i.e. preparations for cleaning various
hard surfaces both in the home and in industry and commerce, preferably
contain as their active components combinations of anionic and nonionic
surfactants in a total quantity of from about 5 to 15% by weight together
with detergency-enhancing builders in quantities of from about 0.5 to 5%
by weight. The other detergency-enhancing components used are generally
solvents, including terpene compounds, while polyethylene glycols
corresponding to the general formula HO--(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n
--H, where n may vary from 4,800 to 64,600, are used as organic polymers
to increase cleaning performance. These preparations also contain dyes and
perfumes, electrolytes and viscosity regulators. Their pH-value is
preferably in the range of from 8.5 to 11 because the cleaning power
which, in the case of these preparations, has to be developed mainly at
room temperature is generally better in an alkaline medium than in a
neutral or acidic medium. Multipurpose cleaning preparations of this type
are also known, for example, from German Pat. No. 27 09 690 and from
corresponding European Pat. No. 9,193. No provision is made in such
preparations for the inclusion of abrasives.
Mild scouring preparations can also be used for cleaning movable and
immovable hard surfaces, such as walls, tiles, cookers, sinks and the
like. These mild abrasive preparations may be solid, liquid or paste-like.
They contain relatively small quantities of surfactants, but relatively
high concentrations of mildly alkaline inorganic builders. The scouring
preparations naturally contain a large quantity of water-insoluble
abrasives, for example feldspar, silica or pumice.
Accordingly, cleaning preparations of different composition are generally
marketed and used for related, but different cleaning problems. In the
household, however, manual dishwashing detergents are also frequently used
for cleaning hard surfaces, particularly in the kitchen, although the
cleaning results cannot be optimal in that case, as explained above. In
this connection, it does not matter whether the dishwashing detergents are
used in concentrated form or in dilute form. Conversely, the use of
commercial multipurpose cleaners or liquid scouring preparations for
manual dishwashing also gives unsatisfactory results.
Accordingly, there was a need for a multipurpose cleaner in which high
detergency and compatability with the skin are combined with the high
emulsifying power of conventional multipurpose cleaners and with the
abrasive effect of a muld scouring preparation, i.e. which at a neutral
pH-value shows a level of detergency which otherwise would only be
obtained with alkaline, builder-containing cleaners.
Builderless liquid cleaning preparations which may be used on the one hand
for scouring and on the other hand for manual dishwashing, i.e. as
dual-purpose cleaning preparations, and which contain from 20 to 35% by
weight of anionic surfactants, from 2 to 15% by weight of foam-stabilizing
nonionic surfactants, from 1 to 20% by weight of water-insoluable
abrasives having a particle diameter of from 15 to 150 .mu.m and a Mohs'
hardness of from 2 to 7 and also from 20 to 75% by weight of water are
already known from European Patent Application No. 21,545.
Correspondingly, useable abrasive-containing cleaners which may contain
two different anionic surfactants, preferably in conjunction with nonionic
surfactants, but in addition a required percentage of builders are
described in Canadian Pat. No. 1,143,240. However, these known cleaners
foam excessively for use as multipurpose cleaners (generally far away from
any source of water) and, because of this, have to be wiped unnecessarily
vigorously with moist sponge cloths in order to prevent the particles of
abrasive from forming residues.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a new, single
cleaner composition which can be specifically used for scouring and for
manual dishwashing, and also as a multipurpose cleaner and, optionally, as
a polish.
Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all
numbers expressing quantities of ingredients or reaction conditions used
herein are to be understood as modified in all instances by the term
"about."
The present invention relates to substantially builderless, liquid,
suspension-stable multipurpose cleaning preparations for hard surfaces
which contain abrasives, water, and a surfactant base of mixtures of
anionic surfactants or anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants, and
which have a pH-value of from 5.5 to 9.5. The invention also relates to
their use as dishwashing detergents, multipurpose cleaners, scouring
preparations, and/or polishes.
The preferred cleaning preparations of the invention have the following
composition in which the percentages by weight are based on the weight of
the total composition, unless otherwise indicated:
A. from 10 to 35 weight percent, preferably from 15 to 25 weight percent of
a mixture of at least two of the following types of surfactants;
(a) at least one anionic sulfonate surfactant,
(b) at least one anionic sulfate surfactant, and
(c) at least one amphoteric surfactant.
When the mixture consists of a mixture of (a) and (b), from 5 to 95% by
weight, preferably from 25 to 75% by weight of (a) and correspondingly
from 95 to 5% by weight, preferably from 75 to 25% by weight of (b), based
on the weight of the mixture, is present. Where the mixture includes (c),
i.e. a mixture of (a) and (c), (b) and (c), or (a), (b), and (c),
comprises from 0.5 to 15 weight percent, preferably from 0.5 to 5 weight
percent, and more preferably from 1 to 2 weight percent of the cleaning
preparation composition, i.e. if (c) is present in a quantity of 2 weight
percent than the remaining surfactant or surfactants make up from 8 to 33
weight percent, preferably from 13 to 23 weight percent of the cleaning
preparation composition. However, when amphoteric surfactants are present,
the ratio by weight of anionic surfactants (component (a) or (b), or (a)
plus (b)) to amphoteric surfactants (component (c)) is from 20:1 to 1:1,
preferably from 15:1 to 1:1, and more preferably from 8:1 to 1:1.
B. from 5 to 20 weight percent, preferably 10 to 15 weight percent of at
least one abrasive having a particle diameter of from about 5 to about 100
.mu.m.
C. from 0 to 10 weight percent, preferably 2 to 6 weight percent of at
least one viscosity regulator, provided that viscosity regulator must be
present in quantity sufficient to obtain a viscosity for the preparations
of the invention of from 2,000 to 12,000, preferably from 4,000 to 6,000
mPas sec (D=5s.sup.-1) in order to maintain high suspension stability.
D. from 0 to 4 weight percent, preferably 0.3 to 1 weight percent of a fat
solvent.
E. a pH regulator as needed to provide a pH in the range of from 5.5 to
9.5, preferably in the range of from 6.0 to 7.5.
F. remainder water.
In addition to the above components, small quantities of dyes, perfumes,
preservatives, and antimicrobial agents can also optionally be present in
the cleaning compositions of the invention.
The anionic surfactants employed in the cleaning compositions of the
invention in Component A are preferably synthetic surfactants, of which at
least two different types--particularly those of the sulfonate and sulfate
type--are used together, as is normally the case with manual dishwashing
detergents.
The sulfonate-type surfactants are alkylbenzene sulfonates containing
C.sub.9 -C.sub.15 and preferably C.sub.12 -C.sub.15 alkyl groups, or,
preferably, alkane sulfonates of the type obtainable from C.sub.12
-C.sub.18 and preferably C.sub.14 -C.sub.16 alkanes by sulfochlorination
or sulfoxidation and subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization or by
addition of bisulfites onto olefins, or C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 and preferably
C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 olefin sulfonates, i.e. mixtures of the corresponding
alkene and hydroxyalkane sulfonates, as well as disulfonates of the type
obtained for example from monoolefins containing a terminal or internal
double bond by solfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent
alkaline and acidic hydrolysis of the solfonation products. Other suitable
sulfonate-type surfactants are the esters of .alpha.-sulfofatty acids, for
example .alpha.-sulfonated methyl or ethyl esters of hydrogenated coconut
oil, palm kernel oil or tallow fatty acids.
Particularly suitable surfactants of the sulfate type are the sulfuric acid
monoesters of primary alcohols of natural and synthetic origin, i.e. of
fatty alcohols, such as for example coconut oil fatty alcohols, tallow
fatty alcohols, oleyl alcohol or the C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 oxoalcohols, and
those of secondary alcohols having the same chain lengths. Othere suitable
sulfatetype surfactants are the sulfuric acid monoesters of aliphatic
primary alcohols ethoxylated with from 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide or
of ethoxylated secondary alcohols or alkylphenols. Sulfated fatty acid
alkanolamides and sulfated fatty acid monoglycerides are also suitable.
All of the above anionic surfactants are preferably used in the form of
their salts, particularly their sodium salts, although they may also be
used in the form of their potassium or ammonium salts or in the form of
soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
Suitable amphoteric surfactants which are optionally used as a portion of
Component A. are those which contain both acidic groups, such as for
example carboxyl, sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid semiester, phosphonic acid,
or phosphonic acid partial ester groups, and also basic groups, such as
for example primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary ammonium groups,
in the molecule. Amphoteric compounds containing quaternary ammonium
groups belong to the betaine or zwitterionic surfactant type. Such
compounds include, in particular, derivatives of aliphatic quaternary
ammonium compounds in which one of the aliphatic groups consists of a
C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 group while the other contains an anionic
water-solubilizing carboxy, sulfo or sulfate group. Typical
representatives of surface-active betaines such as these are, for example,
the compounds 3-(N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-propane sulfonate,
3-(N-tallow alkyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate,
3-(N-hexadecyl-N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ammonio)-2-hydroxypropyl sulfate,
3-(N-cocosalkyl-N,N-bis-(2,3-dihyroxypropyl)ammonio)-propane sulfonate,
N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio acetate,
N-hexadecyl-N,N-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-ammonio acetate. C.sub.12
-C.sub.18 -acylamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium betaines are preferably used
herein.
Suitable abrasives for use as Component B are, in principle, any
water-insoluble substances which have an average particle diameter of from
5 to 100 .mu.m, preferably from 5 to 50 .mu.m and more preferably from 5
to 15 .mu.m. To vary the abrasive effect, it is particularly preferred to
use combinations of abrasive silicas for the toothpaste industry, as
described for example in Degussa's "Technical Information" on Sident.TM.
12, Sident.TM. 12 DS and polishing aluminas, as described in
Giulini-Chemie's pamphlet entitled "Aluminumoxid/Poliertonerde (Aluminum
Oxide/Polishing Alumina)." Suitable polishing aluminas are described, for
example, in Giulini-Chemie's pamphlet under the type names P 205, CTS FG,
P 10 feinst, PS feinst, P 999 feinst and P 200 feinst. Using these very
fine abrasives, which do not have a scouring effect and, accordingly, may
also be referred to as "polishes," it is possible to prepare particularly
mild scouring preparations which, in undilute form, can even be used with
advantage for polishing sensitive metal surfaces.
Suitable viscosity regulators (Component C.) are water-soluble neutral
salts, such as for example NH.sub.4 Cl or NaCl, thickening silicas, for
example Sipernat 22S.TM., a Degussa product, polyethylene glycols having a
molecular weight of from 200 to 4.times.10.sup.6, organic polymers, such
as polyacrylates, xanthan gum, cellulose and starch derivatives, and also
inorganic layer silicates, for example bentonite. It is also possible for
this purpose to incorporate solvents and solution promotors known per se,
such as water-soluble organic solvents, particularly low molecular weight
aliphatic alcohols containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methanol,
ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol, and
as solution promoters those having boiling points above 75.degree. C.,
such as for example the ethers of identical or different polyhydric
alcohols or the partial ethers of polyhydric alcohols. Solution promoters
such as these include, for example, di- or triethylene glycol
polyglycerols and also the partial ethers of ethylene glycol, propylene
glycol, butylene glycol or glycerol with aliphatic monohydric alcohols
containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the molecule. Suitable
water-soluble or water-emulsifiable organic solution promoters are also
ketones, such as acetone, methylethyl ketone and aliphatic,
cycloaliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
However, so-called hydrotropes of the low molecular weight alkylaryl
sulfonate type, including for example, toluene, xylene or cumene
sulfonate, are also suitable as viscosity regulators and hence as solution
promoters. They may be present in the form of their sodium and/or
potassium and/or alkylamino salts. The viscosity of the preparations
produced in accordance with the invention is adjusted in the laboratory
and the corresponding ingredients and the quantities are then scaled up
for the actual production process.
It is of particular advantage to add so-called fat solvents (Component D.),
i.e. commercial terpene compounds preferably having a citrus fruit-like
perfume characteristic, such as for example limonene as a terpene
hydrocarbon or pine oil as a terpene alcohol, and/or glycol ethers having
a high molecular weight of greater than 200,000 to 4.times.10.sup.6, which
not only have a viscosity regulating effect of their own on the liquid,
abrasive-containing cleaning preparations themselves, but also to assist
fat emulsification and soil detachment in use. In combination with the
other constituents of the formulation, this provides for the improved
removal of persistent, hydrophobic types of soil where the preparations
according to the invention are used in concentrated form.
The polyethylene glycols (glycol ethers) that can be used in Component D.
have the general formula HO--(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n H, where n
may vary from 4,800 to 64,600. Polymers such as these are also
commerically available and are marketed, for example, by Union Carbide
Corporation (UCC) under the name of "POLYOX.RTM.."
With respect to Component E., suitable acidic agents for regulating the
pH-value are the usual inorganic or organic acids or acid salts, such as,
for example hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, bisulfates of the alkali
metals, aminosulfonic acid, phosphoric acid or other acids of phosphorus,
more especially the anhydrous acids of phosphorus or salts thereof or
acidreacting solid compounds thereof with urea or other lower caroxylic
acid amides, partial amides of phosphorus acids or anhydrous phosphoric
acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid and the like. Organic or
inorganic compounds, such as alkanolamines, i.e. mono-, di- or
triethanolamine, or ammonia can be added as basic substances.
Alkaline-reacting compounds sometimes used in larger quantities as
builders, and washing alkalis, such as for example sodium
tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, potassium
carbonate and bicarbonate, sodium silicate and the sodium alumosilicates,
are suitable for use in small quantities for adjusting the pH, e.g. to a
mildly alkaline pH-value.
Production of the cleaning preparations of the invention can be carried out
by premixing the solid and liquid constituents and then homogenizing the
resulting premix in a high-speed disperser. The main problem lies in
removal of the considerable quantities of air in the preparation, some of
which is introduced with the powder-form components, some entering the
product in the premixing unit. Although the amount of air "stirred in" can
be minimized by suitable design of the premixing unit, the total air
content still amounts to about 20% by volume. In practice, products of
high air content undergo considerable variations in density and, without
exception, can not be stored. Because of this, the following procedure was
adopted in accordance with the processes described in "Seifen, Oele,
Fette, Wachse" 101 (1975), pages 125 to 128 and in DE-OS No. 26 19 810.
First, the surfactants and the water are introduced into a stirring vessel
of abrasion-resistant material, preferably fine steel, provided with a
stirrer comprising an anchor, to which wall strippers of
abrasion-resistant low-friction material, preferably
polytetrafluoroethylene, are attached, and a stirrer blade fixed to a
second shaft which is offset at 90.degree. relative to the anchor and
which is moved at a peripheral speed of from 0.5 to 4, preferably from 1
to 1.5 m/sec.; after which all the other constituents, such as abrasives,
stabilizers, dyes, viscosity regulators, suspension stabilizers, solvents,
solution promoters and hydrotropes, are added to the solution with
stirring. In this way, powder agglomerations, solid clumps and wall
coatings are homogenized without the air content of the premix enamating
from the raw materials being additionally increased by the induction of
air. The mixture is then pumped through a flow-type disperser, preferably
in the form of a rotor-stator machine, of which the shear gap and/or speed
setting is adjusted to the average diameter of the abrasive particles so
as to minimize disintegration of the abrasive during dispersion. After
dispersion, the preparation obtained is deaerated using a flow-type vacuum
degassing unit with centrifugal product distribution via rotating discs
and a perforated plate. The pressure is adjusted to between 20 and 100 mm
mercury column. This deaeration step may also be carried out before
dispersion. Relatively volatile perfumes are added after deaeration. The
throughput rate, the intensity of dispersion and the degassing vacuum are
coordinated with one another in such a way that ultimately the products
have a temperature of about 25.degree. C., and can be directly packed.
Production may be carried out either continuously or in batches.
The liquid cleaning compositions of the invention canb e used as such, or
diluted with water e.g. to as dilute as 0.25 grams of cleaning composition
per liter of solution, preferably in the range of 0.4 to 1.0 g/l.
The following examples are given for illustration purposes only and not for
purposes of limitation.
EXAMPLES
Plate Test
The cleaning effect of the preparations used in accordance with the
invention in manual dishwashing was determined by the so-called plate test
which is described in the journal "Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel," 74
(1972), pages 163 to 165. Plates 14 cm in diameter were alternately soiled
with 2 g of beef tallow (melting point 40.degree. to 42.degree. C., acid
number 9 to 10) and with 2 g of a mixture of egg white, fat and
carbohydrates, stored for 15 hours at +0.degree. to +5.degree. C. and then
rinsed with tapwater (hardness 16.degree. d=German hardness) at 45.degree.
C. The products to be tested were used in a concentration of 0.5 g/l
water. The number of plates washed clean with 5 liters of wash liquor
(=plate count) is used as a measure of the cleaning effect.
Foaming Power
100 ml of cleaner solution in in-use concentrations (0.4 to 1.0 g/l;
tapwater 16.degree. d/45.degree. C.) were shaken in a 250 ml mixing
cylinder using a shaking machine of the kind made by Messrs. K. Hofmann,
Berlin; using 20 revolutions of the cylinder at 55 r.p.m. The foam volume
was read off with and without damping (addition of olive oil) by reading
off the height of the foam of the foam from the calibration of the mixing
cylinder.
Abrasive Effect
The abrasive effect of the preparation was determined using a combined
carboxydrate/egg white/fat soil. To this end, 60 g "Milumil Babynahrung"
(a baby food) were mixed with 80 g of water at 75.degree. C. and the
resulting mixture deaerated in a water jet vacuum. The mixture
accumulating was applied in a layer thickness of 250 .mu.m to VA steel
plate over an area of 130 cm.sup.2. It was then predried for 1 hour at
45.degree. C. and then baked for 2 hours at 200.degree. C. After cooling
and weighing out, the soiled plates were scoured five times under constant
pressure with 5 ml of the preparation using a soft needle felt pad (DLW
type NV RC 800, diameter 48 mm). To this end, the fine steel plate was
fixed to a table which was pressed by means of a hydraulic system against
the pad rotated at 75 r.p.m. and at the same time moved back and forth
(surrounding path=200 mm). The contact pressure and number of scouring
movements were designed in such a way that a standard product according to
EP No. 21,545, consisting of 24% by weight C.sub.12 -C.sub.13 fatty
alcohol (ethoxy).sub. 3-sulfate, 3.5% by weight C.sub.12 -C.sub.14 alkyl
dimethyl amine oxide, 6.5% by weight cristobalite (average particle
diameter 40-50 .mu.m), 0.5% by weight Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 4.0% by weight
sulfosuccinic acid trisodium salt, 6.5% by weight ethanol, remainder
water, dye and perfume, did not completely remove the soil. After the
scoured plates had been rinsed with water, they were dried and reweighed.
The abrasion corresponded to the abrasive effect and was expressed
absolutely in mg or relatively in %, based on the appointed standard.
Surface Protection
In order to determine the mildness of the effect on sensitive surfaces,
Plexiglass plates were treated by the method described above. The surfaces
of the treated plates were measured using a Lange reflectometer (measuring
head 60.degree.). The results of the measurement were expressed in
relation to the water value (corresponding to 100%).
Table 1 below shows the compositions of commercial cleaning preparations (A
to E) for hard surfaces with/without abrasives, and of preparation
according to the invention.
Table 2 shows the results of the tests characterized above. The standard
used was a product of 18% by weight of C.sub.12 -C.sub.13 fatty alcohols
ether sulfate, 4.0% by weight C.sub.12 -C.sub.14 alkyl dimethyl amine
oxide, 2% by weight sulfosuccinic acid trisodium salt, 7% by weight quartz
powder (43-105 .mu.m), 2.5% by weight Aerosil.RTM. 200 as suspension
stabilizer; remainder water, dyes, electrolytes and perfumes corresponding
to EP No. 21,545.
The results clearly show the advantages of the cleaning preparation
produced in accordance with the invention over the standard product:
foaming power is not adversely affected by the abrasives,
the scouring effect is surprisingly good despite the fineness of the
abrasives,
surprisingly, limonene as a fat solvent in quantities of only 0.2 to 0.8%
by weight also increases the viscosity of the preparations of the
invention,
surface protection afforded by the cleaning preparations of the invention
is surprisingly and significantly greater than that of the standard
product.
TABLE 1
__________________________________________________________________________
Composition of the Cleaning Preparations (% by weight)
__________________________________________________________________________
RAW MATERIALS A B C D E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
__________________________________________________________________________
C.sub.12 -alkylbenzene
10
5 10 -- -- 10
10
5 5 10 10 -- -- -- --
sulfonate, Na salt
C.sub.12 -C.sub.16 -sec. alkane
--
5 -- -- -- --
--
5 5 -- -- -- -- -- --
sulfonate, Na salt
C.sub.12 -C.sub.- fatty alcohol
--
-- 4 -- -- --
--
-- -- 4 4 -- -- -- --
sulfate, Na salt
C.sub.12 -C.sub.14 fatty alcohol
10
10 6 18 18 10
10
10 10 6 6 18 18 18 18
(ethoxy).sub.2 -sulfate,
Na salt
C.sub.12 -C.sub.14 -acyl-1,3-amido-
--
-- -- 2 2 --
--
-- -- -- -- 2 2 2 2
propyl dimethyl amino-
acetic acid betaine
SiO.sub.2 (average particle
--
-- -- -- -- 10
--
-- 13 -- -- -- 12 -- --
diameter 6 .mu.m)
SiO.sub.2 (average particle
--
-- -- -- -- --
10
5 -- -- 9 -- -- -- 10
diameter 10 .mu.m)
Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (polishing
--
-- -- -- -- --
2
7 -- 4 -- 10 -- 6 --
alumina P 205, max.
5% > 44 .mu.m
Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (polishing
--
-- -- -- -- --
--
-- -- -- -- -- -- 4 --
alumina/CTS FG; max.
2% > 44 .mu.m
Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (polishing
--
-- -- -- -- --
--
-- -- 9 -- -- -- -- --
alumina PS, ultrafine,
at least 99% < 20 .mu.m
Sipernat .TM. 22S
--
-- -- -- -- --
--
3.5
2 -- -- 3.5
2 -- --
Aerosil .RTM. 200
3
3 3 3 3 --
--
-- -- 1 0.5
-- -- -- --
Kelzan .RTM. M --
-- -- -- -- --
--
-- -- -- -- -- -- 0.5
0.5
Polyethylene glycol
--
-- -- -- -- 0.5
0.5
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
.0. MW 600
Polyethylene glycol 0.5
0.5
-- -- -- -- 0.05
0.05
-- --
.0. MW 2 .times.10.sup.6 (= POLYOX WR
205 .RTM.)
Limonene --
-- -- -- 0.5
--
--
-- -- -- -- -- -- 0.5
0.5
Remainder water, perfumes, electrolytes dyes, preservatives
__________________________________________________________________________
etc.
RAW MATERIALS 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18
19 20 21 22
23 24 25
__________________________________________________________________________
C.sub.12 -alkylbenzene
-- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
-- -- -- --
10 17 --
sulfonate, Na salt
C.sub.12 -C.sub.16 -sec. alkane
-- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
-- -- -- --
-- -- 12
sulfonate, Na salt
C.sub.12 -C.sub.14 fatty alcohol
-- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
-- -- -- --
-- -- --
sulfate, Na salt
C.sub.12 -C.sub.14 fatty alcohol
18 18 18 18 18 18
18 18
18 18 18 18
10 10 14
(ethoxy).sub.2 -sulfate,
Na salt
C.sub.12 -C.sub.14 -acyl-1,3-amido-
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
3 3 4
propyl dimethyl amino-
acetic acid betaine
SiO.sub.2 (average particle
-- 10 -- 10 -- --
-- --
-- -- -- --
-- -- 13
diameter 6 .mu.m)
SiO.sub.2 (average particle
10 -- 10 -- 10 10
10 10
10 10 10 10
-- 10 --
diameter 10 .mu.m)
Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (polishing
2 -- 2 -- 2 --
2 --
2 -- 2 --
8 -- --
alumina P 205, max.
5% > 44 .mu.m
Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (polishing
-- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
-- -- -- --
2 2 --
alumina/CTS FG; max.
2% > 44 .mu.m
Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (polishing
-- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
-- -- -- --
-- -- --
alumina PS, ultrafine,
at least 99% < 20 .mu.m
Sipernat .TM. 22S
-- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
-- -- -- --
3 2 --
Aerosil .RTM. 200
3 2 3 2 2 1
2 1
2 1 2 1
-- -- --
Kelzan .RTM. M -- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
-- -- -- --
-- -- --
Polyethylene glycol
1 1 1 1 -- --
-- --
-- -- -- --
0.5
6 3
.0. MW 600
Polyethylene glycol
-- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
-- -- -- --
-- -- --
.0. MW 2 .times. 10.sup.6 (= POLYOX WR
205 .RTM.)
Limonene -- -- 0.5
0.5
-- --
0.5
0.5
1 1 1.5
1.5
-- -- 0.5
Remainder water, perfumes, electrolytes dyes, preservatives
__________________________________________________________________________
etc.
TABLE 2
__________________________________________________________________________
TEST RESULTS
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METHOD A B C D E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
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Viscosity (mPas)*
2800
2400
2700
3000
2800
3800
3800
3900
3900
4900
4100
4500
4500
4900
4900
4400
3400
3000
3400
3800
3100
4800
4800
4700
4700
5700
4900
5200
5200
5600
5600
5200
Plate test (plate count)
Beef tallow 14 13 13 15 15 14 14 13 13 13 13 15 15 14 14 14
Mixed soil 17 16 17 29 28 28 28 16 16 17 17 29 29 28 28 29
Foam volume (ml, after
1 minute, 1 g/l
0 ml 115
110
100
105
110
115 115
115
115
100
100
110
110
115
115
110
OLIVE OIL
10 ml 80 75 60 65 65 80 80 80 80 65 65 80 80 85 85 80
Abrasive effect
-- -- -- -- -- 60 80 95 65 85 55 110
60 105
60 80
(% of standard)
Surface protection
100
100
100
100
100
95 -- -- 100
-- 90 -- 95 -- 100
--
(% of water value = 100)
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METHOD 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Standard
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Viscosity (mPas)*
4400
4900
4900
4100
4100
4700
4700
3600
3600
2400
2400
5100
4500
2300
4000
5200
5700
5700
4500
4500
5400
5400
4000
4000
2800
2800
6000
6000
3000
4500
Plate test (plate count)
Beef tallow 14 15 15 14 14 15 15 14 14 14 14 15 19 18 15
Mixed soil 29 29 29 28 28 28 28 29 29 27 27 24 34 36 29
Foam volume (ml, after
1 minute, 1 g/l
0 ml 110
110
110
115
115 110
110
115
115
110 110
115
200
180
120
OLIVE OIL
10 ml 80 75 75 80 80 75 75 80 80 70 70 80 100
110
85
Abrasive effect
55 85 60 80 55 80 60 85 55 80 60 105
85 60 100
(% of standard)
Surface protection
100
-- 100
-- 95 -- 95 -- 100
-- 100
-- -- 100
35
(% of water value = 100)
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*Viscosity values were determined using a Contraves Rheomat 115 at D = 5
s.sup.-1 (D = shear gradient)
In addition to their suitability for washing and cleaning soiled hard
surfaces, the preparations produced in accordance with the
invention--where they contain ultrafine abrasives/polishes, such as
Sident.RTM.--are also suitable for reviving tarnished metal surfaces
(cutlery, jewelry etc.) and for cleaning plastic surfaces. In this case,
surface preservation is comparable with that achieved where only water is
used, i.e. the preparations produced in accordance with the invention do
not leave any scratches visible to the eye.
Taking the cleaning of silver as an example, the effect of the preparation
according to the invention was compared with that of a commercial silver
cleaner (Puragan.TM., base thiourea).
The pieces of silver were cleaned by hand using a soft cloth and then
rinsed with water. After drying, they were visually assessed by five
people. The marking system is defined in Table 3 below.
TABLE 3
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Preparation
Cleaning Preserving effect
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Puragan 1 2
Example 2
1 1
Marking 4 = no removal of tarnish
1 = no visible scratches
system 1 = clean 4 = badly scratched
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