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TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates generally to the field of devices for
absorbing bodily exudate, particularly sanitary napkins for personal
feminine care. The pads of the invention also find use in absorption of
urine as a consequence of minor incontinence.
BACKGROUND ART
There have been a variety of devices or applicances cofigured for
catamenial devices. Generally there have been offered two basic kinds of
feminine protection device. These are sanitary napkins or pads that have
been developed for external wear, and tampons that have been developed for
residence within the vaginal cavity and interruption of menstrual flow
therefrom. Each has offered distinct advantages. Hybrid devices attempted
to merge the structural features of both within a single type of device
have also been proposed.
There has been proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,631,062--F. O. Lassen et al. a
labial pad that is particularly advantageous in that it is a discreet,
comfortable, and highly effective pad. However, while this pad has been
particularly successful in functioning as a catamenial device when
properly placed, its small size and unique design has made difficult the
education of the wearer as to proper placement.
It has been proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,673,403 to improve the placement of
the catamenial device of U.S. Pat. No. 4,631,062--Lassen et al. by
providing an indicator on the bodyside of the pad to aid in proper
placement of the pad onto the body of the wearer. While the above pads of
Lassen et al. have performed well they have the difficulty that they are
not well accepted by the consumer as they are so small that the consumers
do not find them believable as to their effectiveness. Further, for best
performance they need to be placed on the body first and then held in
place by an undergarment. This is contrary to the common practice of
consumers in which pads are fastened to their undergarments prior to
placement on the body.
Therefore, there is a need for a pad that will have the performance
benefits of the above Lassen et al. pads with improved flexibility in the
method of placement on the body and with a larger size that is more
believable to the consumer.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The object of this invention is to overcome disadvantages of prior
catamenial devices.
A further object is to form a feminine pad that is self-aligning to
maintain correct placement of the pad on the body.
A further object of the invention is to provide a pad that resists bunching
and twisting when worn.
A further additional object of the invention is to create a feminine pad
that is discreet and comfortable when worn.
These and other objects of the invention are generally accomplished by
forming a three-dimensionally shaped, externally worn feminine protection
device which has been mechanically shaped by folding, molding or other
forming techniques in such a way that it has a raised portion located
within the back one-half to two-thirds of the device that functions to
cause the pad to readily fit to and generally align itself within the
inverted V-shaped regions of the woman's lower abdominal region, vulva,
perineum and the anterior portion between the buttocks. The forward
portion of the device of the invention generally is flattened in use to
cover externally the area of the pubic mons and the area exterior of the
clitoris. The back portion of the device is formed in a peak like shape
which readily adjusts to and molds to the inverted V-shape of the rear
portion of the labia, the perineum and the forward portion of the area
between the buttocks.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a top view of the pad of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the pad of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the pad of FIG. 1.
FIGS. 4 and 5 are the end views of the pad of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the pad of FIG. 1.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the pad of FIG. 6 on line 7--7.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the pad of FIG. 6 on line 8--8.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the pad of FIG. 6 on cross-sectional
line 9--9.
FIG. 10 is a back view of a body with a pad of the invention in place.
FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 10 on cross-sectional line 10A
of FIG. 10.
FIGS. 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are top, side, bottom and end views of an
alternate pad of the invention.
FIG. 16 is a top view of an alternate pad of the invention.
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the pad of FIG. 16.
FIG. 18 is the pad of FIG. 16 shaped as in use.
FIG. 19 is a top view of an alternate pad of the invention.
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the pad of FIG. 19 prior to folding.
FIG. 21 is the pad of FIG. 20 folded as in use.
FIGS. 22, 23 and 24 are top, perspective, and folded views of an hourglass
shaped pad of the invention.
FIG. 25 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment pad of the
invention.
FIG. 26 is a partial cutaway view of the pad of FIG. 25.
FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of the pad of FIG. 26 on cross-sectional
line 2--2.
FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of the pad of FIG. 26 on cross-sectional
line 4--4.
FIG. 29 is a partial cutaway view of an alternate pad of the invention.
FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of the pad of FIG. 29 on cross-sectional
line 5--5.
FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of the pad of FIG. 29 on cross-sectional
line 6--6.
FIG. 32 is a partial cutaway view of a pad of the invention.
FIG. 33 is a perspective view of the pad of FIG. 32 folded.
FIG. 34 is a bottom view of the pad of FIG. 33 folded.
FIG. 35 is a partial cutaway view of the pad of FIG. 33 placed into a
package.
FIG. 36 is a view of an alternate pad of the invention.
MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Traditional feminine hygiene protection generally comes from two sources,
i.e., either sanitary napkins or tampons. Each has certain disadvantages.
Sanitary napkins are designed to be worn externally and as such as
susceptible to failure because of side crunching and shifting. Most pads
are also flat and very bulky and because of their flat geometry, do not
readily mold to the contours of female anatomy and therefore tend to leak
prematurely over the sides. In fact, they generally rely on the motions
and the pressures of the user's body and garments to cause them to adapt
to the body's curvatures. Because of this, the pads do not interface and
mold well to the body and the usual walking motions tend to cause the
pad's side edge to insert into the folds of the buttock rather then to be
aligned equally along the body's center line. During use, the end of
conventional pads tends to remain unused. Also, the conventional pads are
generally long and bulky in the rear, and therefore protrude so as to be
visible under certain type of tight fitting clothing. Because of these
various problems, fluids tend to build up on the surface and generally
show side rather than end failure.
Tampons, on the other hand, are much smaller than pads since they are
designed to be worn within the vaginal cavity. Tampons, while not having
the external bulk of the pads, have certain disadvantages. Depending upon
the tampon, there are insertion difficulties, internal discomfort during
its residence, removal difficulties, as well as psychological and moral
dislikes by some women for vaginal insertion.
Interlabial pads which, with varying degrees of success combine the best
features of both tampons and pads while avoiding the disadvantages of
each, have been developed. Historically, "large" means protection to the
woman and conventional "small" pads are considered to be useful only for
light flow. Therefore, because of the relative small size, the labial
products which are the functional equivalent of the "large" pads suffer
from size related user insecurity and resistance to the learning required
for their proper placement.
The instant invention, because of its unique shape and construction,
overcomes many of the disadvantages of the above menstrual devices.
Tampons are generally considered to be more comfortable, convenient and
especially to be less "wet and messy" than pads because of being worn
internally. The external nature of the instant invention overcomes the
insertion stigmas related to tampons. Also, because of its shape, the
instant invention is more comfortable and easier to carry and place than
the conventional external products and approaches the comfort and
convenience of tampons. The invention's configuration which readily
accommodates the female anatomy, allows fluid interception in the vulva at
the exterior juncture of labia, and delivers a self-aligning
characteristic which overcomes much of the placement, "wet and messy", and
other comfort problems of conventional external products. The relative
larger size of this invention overcomes the "smallness" related insecurity
and positioning problems of some labial products. While not molding into
the vestibule as do the labial products, it does fit much better to the
external curvature of the vulva and labia than the conventional flat
napkins and pads. It also exhibits fluid interception, top staining and
surface dryness properties much closer to that of the labial products than
the conventional pads of similar composition. In fact, this invention
delivers, visually, perceptions of protection and security which are
superior to both the conventionally sized flat products and the much
smaller labial products.
The invention provides a pad constructed and shaped in such a way as to
allow the front portion of it to fit over and conform to the flattened
forward portion of the female genitalia and lower abdomen while the rear
portion of the pads aligns with and fits comfortably into the cross-like
regions of the buttock and perineum to such an extent as to allow a
surprisingly efficient external interception of exudate while at the same
time giving the user the psychological assurance against leakage generally
associated with the larger flat conventional napkin and pads. The
absorbent pad of the invention provides better alignment with the female
anatomy and closer contact with the vulva than is possible with current
flat pads. The improved alignment of the pad minimizes bunching and
twisting while providing efficient exudate collection. The pad further is
comfortable and discreet in use as it is closely shaped to the anatomy.
The effectiveness of the instant pad is surprising as previously it was
considered that a pad folded in use into an inverted V would be subject to
leakage. The pad of the invention having generally parallel longitudinal
sides and rounded ends is low in cost to form and does not require the
utilization of exotic materials or forming techniques. These and other
advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed
description.
FIGS. 1 through 5 are top, side, bottom and the two end views of a pad 10
in accordance with the invention. The pad has a top 12 and ends 14 and 16.
The pad is provided with a peel strip 18 on the back of forward area 30
covering two lines of adhesive 20 and 22. The pad has a border 24 where
the cover 26 is bonded to the backing sheet 28. The portion of the pad
forming the forward end 14 in use is generally flat as best shown by area
30 in FIG. 2. The rearward portion 32 is provided with a peak 34. The
center area of peak 34 is held by adhesive dots 36, 38 and 40 on the back
13 of the pad 10. The peaked portion 32 forms a gradual rise from its
beginning at area 42 to end 44. In use the pad 10 is placed such that the
flattened forward area 30 extends generally over the forward portion of
the female anatomy in the mons pubis and the forward portion of the labia.
The raised portion 32 extending from 42 to 44 generally begins in the
pudendal cleft rearward portion of the labia adjacent the vestibule and
extends to the perineum and buttocks. The exact placement of the raised
portion will vary depending on whether the pad is long enough to extend to
the buttocks area.
FIGS. 6 through 9 illustrate in perspective view FIG. 6 and in
cross-sectional views of FIGS. 7-9 pad 10 as it would be configured during
use. The forward end 30 would be concave to mold to the pubic mons and the
lower abdomen. The rearward portion 16 would be peaked for placement
between the legs at the perineum and between the buttocks. As illustrated
in the cross-sectional views the absorbent is comprised of two sections 46
and 48. Section 46 is primarily a transfer layer that transfers fluids
away from the bodyside cover member 26.
FIG. 10 is a rear view of a woman with pad 10 in place. The view is from
the rear with buttocks 64 and 66 and legs 68 and 70. FIG. 10A, on
cross-sectional line 10A--10A of FIG. 10, is a view of a pad of the
invention placed as in use. The pad 10 is placed onto the female body 50.
The body has vaginal opening 52, urethral opening 54 and rectum 56. The
flattened or concave portion of the pad 30 is placed against the pubic
area. The pad when in use is at a distance from the clitoris 58. The
raised portion of the pad 34 is generally exterior of the labia. However,
in the area of the vestibule 60 it may extend somewhat between the labia.
The pad 10 ends in the perineal area 62 and does not quite extend to the
rectum 56. However, longer pads of the invention may extend further and be
comfortable as the raised section 34 fits comfortably between the
buttocks.
FIGS. 11 through 14 are views of an alternate embodiment of the invention.
Pad 80 has raised portion 82 and flattened portion 84. The pad is provided
with extended adhesive portions 85 and 86 that are covered by peel strips
88 and 90. The central area of the peaked portion 82 is held in place by
adhesive areas 92, 94 and 96 for secure fastening to the undergarment of
the wearer.
FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 illustrate a tapered pad 102 that has a wider portion
104 in the front and tapers to a narrower rear portion 106. The pad has an
edge 108 where the bodyside liner 110 and the backing layer, not shown,
are joined. As illustrated in FIG. 18 when the pad is shaped to the
desired shape for pads of the invention the front portion 104 forms a
flattened or concave portion to fit over the front pubic area and labia of
the wearer while the rear portion 106 forms a peak 112 for placement in
the crease of the perineal and buttock area.
FIGS. 19 through 21 illustrate a pad 120 that is illustrated in the top
view prior to folding. FIG. 19 has a larger rear portion 122 than front
portion 124. The perspective views of pad 120 in FIGS. 20 before folding
and 21 after folding to shape illustrate that the pad after being folded
to shape has a front portion 124 and a rear portion 122 having a raised
peak 126. The raised peak 126 when formed from the wider portion of the
pad causes cupping in front area 124.
The embodiment of FIGS. 22, 23 and 24 is a pad 130 having an hourglass
shape with narrower portions on longitudinal edges 132 and 134. The pad
after folding has the raised peak area 136 at the rear portion 138. The
front portion 140 remains generally flat and will mold to the pubic and
forward labia area of the wearer.
Illustrated in FIGS. 25, 26, 27 and 28 is a pad 150 that is provided with
an absorbent 152 that is thicker in the peaked area 154. The absorbent 152
is slit and then the areas of the slit turned up at 156 to form a raised
central portion in the rear portion 158 of the pad 150. This thicker
portion 156 is then covered by the soft transfer layer 159 that serves to
transfer fluid to the absorbent 152. Orientation of the fibers at the
raised portion 160 aids in rapid absorption in the area of the peak 154.
The bodyside cover 162 is sealed to the garment or backing layer 164 at
side seal 166. The front portion 168 is generally flat for molding to the
forward pubic area of the wearer.
Illustrated in FIGS. 29, 30 and 31 is an embodiment of the pad 170 with a
preferred two-layer absorbent structure. The structure is low in cost and
effective as it contains a bodyside layer 172 of low density wood pulp and
a lower layer 174 of densified fluff. The liquid permeable bodyside liner
176 overlays the low density layer 172 while the impermeable backing layer
178 is beneath the densified layer. This structure gives good transfer of
fluids through the upper less dense layer 172 for absorption into the
densified layer 174. By transmission of fluid to the lower layer 174 the
cover 176 remains drier.
FIGS. 32 through 35 illustrate a pad 180 of the invention that is
convenient to form and package. The pad 180 is provided with a permeable
cover 182. The absorbent is formed of a less dense upper transfer layer
184 and a more dense lower absorbent layer 186. Backing member 188 is
formed of an impermeable polymer sheet. The cover 182 and backing sheet
188 are sealed together by heat or adhesive at edge 190. The pad that is
viewed in FIG. 33 in perspective and in FIG. 34 from the back is folded
and the center of the fold held in place at one end by glued areas 192,
194 and 196. The pad 180 is provided with a peel strip 198 and two lines
of adhesive 200 and 202 on the forward end of the pad. As illustrated in
FIG. 35 the pad 180 when folded may be easily wrapped in a small package
204.
FIG. 36 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the invention in which pad
210 has a raised rearward portion 212. The pad is provided with grooves
214 and 216 where the raised portion 212 descends into the flattened front
portion 218. The pad 210 if folded on line 212 to form the raised portion
and folded on lines 214 and 216 such that the edge portions 220 and 222
face each other forms a compact folded product that when unwrapped has
generally the shape required for use. The fold lines at the grooves 214
and 216 extend along the edges of where the peaked portion 212 rises from
the flattened front portion 218 and the compressed grooves 214 and 216
come together in a V at the front of the pad. In contrast the product 180
requires more shaping by the user prior to application in order to form
the flattened front portion and the peaked rearward extending portion.
The pads of the invention may be provided with any absorbent that is
capable of absorbing human exudate. Suitable for the invention are
polyester fibers, rayon fibers, cotton fibers, and mixtures of these
fibers with or without surfactant treatment. Preferred fibers for the
invention are wood fluff fibers and coform nonwoven webs. Coform is an
airformed blend of meltblown polypropylene microfibers and staple wood
fibers. These materials are preferred as wood fluff is low in cost. Coform
has integrity when wet and also is low in cost. In a preferred form of the
invention the absorbent may be formed of more than one layer. The layer of
absorbent toward the bodyside would be formed with a lower density such
that it would serve as a transfer layer to transfer fluid to the absorbent
layer adjacent the backing member that would be of greater density. The
absorbent of greater density would preferentially absorb fluids from the
surface layer absorbent of lower density. Therefore the layer underneath
the permeable cover would be drier and the cover would feel drier to the
wearer.
The bodyside cover or bodyside liner may be any permeable material that
will pass human exudate to the absorbent. Typical of such materials are
tissue, perforated films, and woven gauze material. Polypropylene
spunbonded and polypropylene and rayon blends in thermobonded nonwovens
are suitable for the products of the invention. A preferred material is a
polyester thermobonded nonwoven of staple fibers having a basis weight of
about 10 to about 60 gsm, that may or may not be treated with a surfactant
as these materials provide a soft and dry feel to the pad. A typical cover
is the spunlaced polyester sold under the trade name "Sontara" by E. I.
DuPont Company that is comprised of a polyester fiber having a basis
weight of about 34 grams per meter.
The liquid impermeable backing member may be any material that will block
the flow of human exudate from the bodyside to the garment of the wearer.
Typical of such materials are polymer films of polyethylene and
polypropylene. Further, the polymer films may be combined with a nonwoven
material such as spunbonded polypropylene to create a clothlike outer
cover. It is also possible that vapor permeable but liquid impermeable
backing members could be utilized. In another embodiment of the invention
the impermeable backing material used is a molded foam material that
provides correct pad shape without shaping by the user.
The pad has been described with two layers of absorbent having different
densities as the preferred embodiment. However, the pad also could be
formed with a single absorbent layer. It is also possible that a transfer
layer having little absorption ability could be located immediately below
the bodyside cover. Typical of such material is a fibrous material such as
blends of polyester and rayon that have minimum fluid retaining character.
Such material will rapidly transfer fluid from the cover to the absorbent
but will not absorb a significant amount of the fluid. Other transfer
layers may be airformed or carded webs of polyester, rayon or
polypropylene.
The peak portion of the pad may be completely formed prior to delivery of
the pad to the consumer. Alternatively, the peak may only be present in an
embryonic or precursor state that allows the user to form the peak in its
correct state by folding the pad in the preferential fold that the
precursor allows. Such precursor could be a longitudinally split absorbent
in the rear portion of the pad or, as illustrated, a series of adhesive
dots forming a tuck in the pad. Depending on the nature and composition of
the absorbent and backing material, the embryonic peak may be formed in
many ways, including heat setting or thermo plastic containing absorbents
or thermo plastic backing members. Other approaches will occur to the
skilled artisan for achieving the goal of providing the peak precursor or
embryonic fold line, which in turn assists the user in forming the desired
peak profile or inverted V of the pad in which the bodysides of the pad,
as well as the side of the pad away from the body, form an inverted V with
the sides sloping away from the peak on the bodyside and backside of the
pad.
The adhesive that forms a tuck in the backing member to provide a beginning
point for the peak when the pad is formed may be located in any suitable
area. The area where the tucks are located is generally in the midportion
of the rearward half of the pad. The tuck adhesive is located generally so
as to form a folded area of between about 1/8 and 3/8 inches in the
backing material. This tucked area provides an embryonic fold to aid in
molding of the pad to form the peaked area that conforms to the rear
portion of the labia, the perineum and buttocks. The adhesive used may be
any suitable adhesive product, including two-sided tape and the common
hotmelt construction adhesives utilized in feminine care and diaper
products. The tuck or peak precursor area also may be formed by thermal
bonding.
As described above the pads of the invention generally are provided with a
pressure-sensitive garment attachment adhesive on at least a portion of
the liquid impermeable backing member. The pressure-sensitive adhesive and
peel strip suitably is any of those well known in the feminine care art.
The pads of the invention may be formed in any size suitable for absorption
of human exudate. Generally the pads have a length of between about 7 and
about 12 inches. The preferred length is generally between about 7 and 8
inches as this length is discreet, effective and easily placed in the
correct position. The width generally is equal to between about 2 and
about 4 inches. The preferred width is about 2.5 inches for comfort and
effectiveness in absorption of menstrual fluids. Generally pads designed
for incontinence use for women with mild urinary or fecal incontinence are
longer and thicker particularly in the rear than pads designed for
menstrual use. The length and height of the ridge or peak in the rearward
portion of the pad of the invention is determined by the sharpness of the
fold, the arrangement of the absorbent and the location and length of the
adhesive that holds the fold in place. The fold is useful for aligning the
pad with the body's contours as the device is being positioned on the body
of the user. By using adhesive of the pressure-sensitive or cohesive type
for joining the sides of the crease or fold the user may selectively
partially break the adhesives section to adjust the height to the peak for
best comfort and protection for a particular body size. The longitudinal
folded nature of the pad allows the invention to be packaged in a
longitudinally folded configuration and after removal from the package the
invention's front flat portion and rear peaked section may be adjusted by
the individual in placement of the pad on the body. The cupped or concave
front portion of the pad may be achieved by inverting the peak of the
folded version near the pad's front.
While the invention has been discussed with particular reference to the
preferred catamenial pads, it is also desirable for pad devices for
incontinence protection or other types of vaginal discharge. Further, the
pad may be formed in various sizes and shapes to best conform to the body
of the users. Further, while the pad has been described as useful
primarily for women large size pads with the concave front and peaked rear
also would be suitable for male incontinence use. These and other
variations of the invention are intended to be included by the invention
which is only to be limited by the scope of the claims attached hereto.
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