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Description  |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a radio communication and data processing
system for a vehicle and, in particular, to a road navigation system or an
automatic drive guidance system for an automobile or the like.
2. Prior Art
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a conventional road navigation system as
disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Public Disclosure (KOKAI) No.
57-206813 in 1983. In the drawing, numeral 1 denotes a display unit,
numeral 2 denotes a CPU, numeral 3 denotes a location information unit,
numeral 4 denotes a RAM, numeral 5 denotes an orientation sensor, numeral
6 denotes a velocity sensor, and numeral 7 denotes an output unit.
In operation, the display unit 1 visually displays a road map which a
vehicle driver may wish to refer to. By means of the location information
input unit 3, a screen marker is traced from a departure point to a
destination point on the display unit 1, so that information on a course
or route which it is intended to follow is stored in the RAM 4. Then, the
marker is set at the departure point when the journey is started. During
the journey, the current location of the vehicle at any one time can be
computed by the CPU 2 in accordance with information provided by the
orientation sensor 5 and the velocity sensor 6 and the marker on the
display unit 1 is moved on this basis. Also, by means of the CPU 2, the
computed current location information can be compared with the intended
course or route information stored in the RAM 4 to determine whether the
vehicle is exactly on course. If it is off course, an alarm indication, or
a guidance message indicating, for example, which way the driver should
turn at the next road crossing or intersection can be provided from the
output unit 7 which may include a loudspeaker.
Since the conventional road navigation system is constituted in the manner
described above, it is difficult to accurately obtain the current location
information due to signal errors caused by the orientation sensor and the
velocity sensor. Therefore, this system has shown a tendency to give wrong
guidance or indications to the vehicle driver.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The disadvantage or problem described above can be overcome by the present
invention.
It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide an improved
road navigation system capable of presenting accurate guidance information
to a user.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved road
navigation or guidance system which is preferably applied to a vehicle or
an automobile.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a road
navigation system comprising a plurality of guidance information
transmitter systems disposed along a route, each transmitter system
generating current location information in the form of
extremely-low-powered electric waves, and a guidance signal generator
system for providing guidance information for the benefit of a user, which
comprises a receiver unit for receiving the current location information
from the guidance information transmitter system, an input unit for
inputting destination information, a memory unit for storing available map
information and the inputted destination information which can be prepared
as course information to be traced, a data processor unit for comparing
the course information with the current location information received by
the receiver unit and for producing the guidance information, and an
output unit for informing the user of the guidance information.
According to the present invention, a plurality of guidance information
transmitter systems are provided for generating the current location
information of a vehicle or the like in the form of low-powered electric
waves, each of which may be disposed at an appropriate point at the side
of a road, for example, near a road intersection or a tollgate of a free
way. In this way, the guidance signal generator system can give the user
accurate guidance information within a relatively small area covered by
the low-powered electric waves from the transmitter system.
Also, according to the present invention, since the respective guidance
information transmitter systems can each be constituted in the same
manner, it is expected that it will be possible to produce them in a mass
production process and to thereby reduce the cost of production.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the present
invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed
explanation read together with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a road navigation system, in accordance
with a prior art;
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a road navigation system in accordance with
the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an alternate embodiment of the invention
employing a guidance information center and a radio telephone system for
signal communication; and
FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a further alternate embodiment of the
invention employing a guidance information center and a wired telephone
system for signal communication.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown an embodiment of the present
invention. In the drawing, numeral 100 denotes one of a number of guidance
information transmitter systems which are disposed near various principal
road intersections and the like, the transmitter systems comprising an
antenna 101, a transmitter unit 102 which is preferably driven by
extremely low electric power, and a memory unit 103 for storing
information associated with the current location of a vehicle. More
specifically, the memory unit 103 may store the location information of
the given transmitter system (in the form of coded information signaling
where that particular location is) and the current location information
for a particular customer or subscriber (a coded signal indicating, for
example, drive X [Km] straight from the current point to YY Golf Country
Club).
Numeral 200 denotes a guidance signal generator system which may be
provided in a vehicle such as an automobile. The generator system 200
comprises an antenna 201, a receiver unit 202, a data processor unit 203
for processing various data in accordance with predetermined rules, an
input unit 204 for inputting destination information required by a driver,
an output unit 205 for signaling guidance information to the driver, and a
memory unit 206 for storing information regarding a road map and so on, in
addition to the destination information.
In this arrangement, the data processor unit 203 is designed to receive the
destination information from the input unit 204, the pre-stored map
information in the memory unit 206 and the current location information
transmitted from the guidance information transmitter system 100, and to
thereby produce guidance information associated with a course which is to
be later taken, so that the driver can be advised of the guidance
information by means of the output unit 205.
The map information includes information which is to be given to the
driver, for example, information defining a point where the driver is
located on the map when the current location information is specified or
received by the receiver unit 202, and information relative to an
intersection preceding the current location, by means of which the driver
will be oriented.
In operation, current location signals in the form of extremely low-powered
radio waves are continuously emitted from the guidance information
transmitter system 100 which is disposed near one of the plurality of road
intersections, and then are caught by the vehicle-carried system or
guidance signal generator system 200 when it passes by that intersection.
In the vehicle-carried system 200, the map information is previously stored
in the memory 206 and, prior to or at the time of departure, the
destination information is also stored therein. During the trip, each time
the vehicle passes an intersection where the transmitter system 100 is
disposed, the current location information emitted by the system 100 is
received by the receiver unit 202. Then, the received information is
analyzed and compared with both the map information and the destination
information from the memory 206 so as to produce guidance information
representative of the route from the current point to the destination
point. As a result, guidance information can be provided for the driver by
means of the output unit 205.
A more detailed explanation will now be given.
Assuming that the driver plans to drive his vehicle from point A via point
B to point C, such departure and destination information (A, B and C) is
inputted by means of the input unit 204.
In the data processor unit 203, the inputted destination information is
compared with the map information which has been stored in the memory 206,
thereby producing route information which is stored in the memory for
subsequent utilization, prior to departure. As the vehicle proceeds, each
time it passes an intersection, the current location information from that
transmitter system 100 is received by the receiver unit 202 and then is
referred to the stored route information in the processor unit 203 to
determine the point where the vehicle is currently located. Thus,
information including map information as to the determined point, which is
useful in guiding the driver to the intended point or destination, can be
provided for the driver.
If the vehicle deviates from the initially intended course, the current
location information can no longer be referenced to the stored route
information, so that the course information is revised or corrected by
utilizing the current location information in accordance with the
procedure performed at the time of departure, as described above, and then
the corrected route information is newly stored in the memory 206. The
corrected route information will be referred to when the next current
location information is received.
By designating the route information with a uniquely coded number or an ID
signal assigned to the subscriber, additional information which is
received simultaneously with the current location information can also be
given to the driver or the subscriber.
The procedure by which the guidance information, of which the driver is
informed, is produced from the map information, the destination
information and the current location information will next be explained.
With the destination information being designated or known, the data
processor unit 203 operates to determine the course which can be selected
from the stored map information, taking into consideration the following
factors. An optional course can be selected by satisfying several driving
conditions; for example, the total distance of the journey should be
minimized, the roads along the route should be as wide as possible, and
the route should be such as to enable the vehicle to be driven at an
actual speed exceeding a predetermined value (or the course should be
selected to avoid any traffic jams).
Under the control of the data processor unit 203, the course information is
stored in the memory 206 and then is compared with the current location
information each time the vehicle passes an intersection, thereby
producing guidance information indicating a point where the vehicle is
travelling. If, for example, the vehicle passes an Nth intersection on a
road selected by the route information A, the guidance information for
subsequent travel, such as "Turn left at the (N+1)th intersection" or
"After turning left, go straight for X [Km]", can be generated in the form
of a coding signal and, at an appropriate time, be communicated by means
of an artificial sound to the driver. It is to be noted that the kinds of
artificial sounds which can be produced must be reasonable in number
because of the limited number of coded signals.
Although one preferred embodiment has been described herein, it will be
apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications and
substitutions may be made within the scope of the invention.
In particular, although the embodiment above has been explained with
respect to a system of the type in which the route information can be
produced and/or corrected by the map information and the destination
information, both of which are prepared on the vehicle side, and the
current location information which is transmitted from the guidance
information transmitter system located at the individual intersections,
and is received by the receiver unit of the guidance signal generator
system whereby the guidance information for the driver can be produced, it
will now be apparent that it is also possible to provide a road navigation
system of the type in which the course information is prepared on the
transmitter side, such as at a guidance information center, in response to
destination information requested by a driver through a communication
medium such as, for example, a radio telephone system (see FIG. 3), or a
wired telephone system (see FIG. 4) or the like, the requested route
information being received at the receiver side through the communication
medium to produce the relevant guidance information.
For the purpose of signal communication with the data processor unit 203,
as indicated in FIGS. 2-4, there is provided a network interface unit 207.
FIG. 3 shows the network interface unit 207 coupling to a radio telephone
system including unit 401 and corresponding network 402 that in turn
connects to the guidance information control center 300. Similarly, in
FIG. 4 the network interface unit 207 couples to a wired telephone system
including unit 501 and the wired telephone network 502 which in turn
connects to the guidance information control center 300. In both
embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4, the guidance information control center 300
has means (map information memory 303) for storing the map information and
means (network interface unit 301 and guidance information processor 302)
for communicating between the guidance signal generator means and the
guidance information control center.
It would also be possible to provide a system of the type in which route
information stored in an IC card is available for the driver and, in a
case where a plurality of destinations are selected by the driver in
sequence within a relatively small area, the route information is stored
in the IC card in the form of a plurality of switchable sections and thus
the map information relative to such small area is used in common for the
plurality of switchable sections.
Furthermore, although the preferred embodiment described above has been
explained with respect to a vehicle, the guidance signal generator system
may be constituted as a human or pedestrian guidance system of a portable
type.
Also, in response to the coded signals from the guidance information
transmitter system, the guidance information which is available for the
subscriber may be outputted in the form of either an artificially-composed
acoustic presentation of particular messages or a visual presentation of
particular characters. It is to be noted that, when the map information
and the destination information are requested from a driver by a guidance
information center a conversion program for converting the coded signals
to a message or characters may be received at the center, together with
the map information and the destination information.
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