An immobilized hapten reagent for use in a specific binding assay for the determination of a hapten or binding analog thereof in a liquid test sample and methods for preparing and using the immobilized hapten reagent. The immobilized hapten reagent comprises a hapten moiety covalently linked substantially only to the external surface of a polyacrylamide gel particle. The immobilized hapten reagent is prepared by forming a reaction mixture comprising the hapten moiety and the carrier material in a nonswelling solvent wherein the gel particle is substantially impervious to the hapten moiety and wherein an analytically insignificant amount of the hapten moiety is nonspecifically bound to the gel particle. The immobilized hapten reagent is characterized by being substantially stable in aqueous solutions and exhibits an insignificant amount of leakage of the hapten moiety into a liquid test medium.
Methods for covalent attachment of oligonucleotides to solid supports such that substantially all of the oligonucleotides are attached via their 5'-ends are provided. The solid supports with attached oligonucleotides are produced. Thiol-oligonucleotides are attached to bromoacetyl-derivatized polyacrylamide supports, or conversely, bromoacetyl-oligonucleotides are immobilized on thiol-polyacrylamide supports. In a further aspect, bromoacetyl-derivatized oligonucleotides, and polyacrylamide supports with linked oligonucleotides produced by coupling bromoacetyl-derivatized oligonucleotides with thiol-derivatized polyacrylamide solid supports or by coupling thiol-derivatized oligonucleotides with bromoacetyl-derivatized polyacrylamide supports as well as methods for capture of nucleic acids by oligonucleotides attached to polyacrylamide solid supports, either by direct capture or in sandwich hybridization formats are provided.
An immobilized hapten reagent for use in a specific binding assay for the determination of a hapten or binding analog thereof in a liquid test sample and methods for preparing and using the immobilized hapten reagent. The immobilized hapten reagent comprises a hapten moiety covalenty linked substantially only to the external surface of a gel particle. The immobilized hapten reagent is prepared by forming a reaction mixture comprising the hapten moiety and the carrier material in a nonswelling solvent wherein the gel particle is substantially impervious to the hapten moiety and wherein an analytically insignificant amount of the hapten moiety is nonspecifically bound to the gel particle. The immobilized hapten reagent is characterized by being substantially stable in aqueous solutions and exhibits an insignificant amount of leakage of the hapten moiety into a liquid test medium.
A method is disclosed for coupling a ligand within a porous support. The method involves mixing ligand and porous support under conditions sufficient to suppress coupling conditions of the ligand to the porous support while enhancing the relative rate of diffusion, to the rate of reaction, of the ligand into and within the porous support, and then altering the conditions to enhance rapid coupling of the ligand within the porous support. The alteration from diffusion conditions to coupling conditions involves a change in the reaction solution of pH, ionic strength, temperature, coupling competitor, such that a relatively lower Thiele Modulus during diffusion conditions changes to a relatively higher Thiele Modulus during coupling conditions. Derivatized porous supports produced according to the method are also disclosed. The derivatized porous support has enhanced functional efficiency. Derivatized porous supports prepared from azlactone-functional porous supports are also disclosed.
Methods for covalent attachment of oligonucleotides to solid supports such that substantially all of the oligonucleotides are attached via their 5'-ends are provided. The solid supports with attached oligonucleotides are produced. Thiol-oligonucleotides are attached to bromoacetyl-derivatized polyacrylamide supports, or conversely, bromoacetyl-oligonucleotides are immobilized on thiol-polyacrylamide supports. In a further aspect, bromoacetyl-derivatized oligonucleotides, and polyacrylamide supports with linked oligonucleotides produced by coupling bromoacetyl-derivatized oligonucleotides with thiol-derivatized polyacrylamide solid supports or by coupling thiol-derivatized oligonucleotides with bromoacetyl-derivatized polyacrylamide supports as well as methods for capture of nucleic acids by oligonucleotides attached to polyacrylamide solid supports, either by direct capture or in sandwich hybridization formats are provided.
A system and method for providing interactive multimedia services to subscriber premises utilizing in whole or in part the public switched telephone network. The service is provided using an existing twisted wire pair subscriber line with Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) technology. The ADSL connection provides a 1.5 mbits/s downstream video information channel, a two-way telephone connection, and a 16 kbits/s control channel. This multiplexed signal is then separated and processed on premise and distributed in a two-way fashion as a complex radio frequency signal. Multiple television sets and telephone stations may be simultaneously served and may conversely communicate commands upstream to the multimedia network. A complete installation may be made in an entire premise without the necessity for any significant installation of new wiring. The system and methodology provide flexibility and are adapted to serve as an integral termination for multiple multimedia distribution and delivery architectures.
