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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to cosmetic cream compositions containing an
antiperspirant active material. In particular, it relates to
antiperspirant creams, and methods for making such compositions, with
improved stability, efficacy, cosmetic and wash-off characteristics.
Compositions designed to stop or reduce the flow of perspiration are well
known in the cosmetic and chemical literature. Antiperspirants typically
contain an astringent material, such as an astringent aluminum or
zirconium salt. These compositions are designed to deliver the active to
the skin in an effective form, while being cosmetically acceptable.
A variety of methods have been used to apply antiperspirant compositions to
the skin. For example, sprays, roll-ons, creams and stick compositions are
commonly used. Such formulations are described in S. Plechner,
"Antiperspirants and Deodorants" 2 Cosmetics, Science and Technology
373-416 (M. Balsam and E. Sagarin, editors, 1972).
Cream emulsions are also described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No.
4,268,499, Keil, issued May 19, 1981, and Australian Patent Specification
No. 8,430,026, published Jan. 3, 1985. Cream suspensions are described in
European Patent No. 028,853, Beckmeyer et al., published May 20, 1981.
Anhydrous creams, in gel form, are described, for example, in U.S. Pat.
No. 4,083,956, Shelton, issued Apr. 11, 1978, and European Patent
Application No. 135,315, Kasat, published Mar. 27, 1985.
Cream formulations, in general, have been less popular than other
antiperspirant product forms. For example, some cream compositions may be
sticky and produce aesthetically undesirable levels of residue on the
skin. Creams may also be "messy" and otherwise difficult to apply. Special
packages and dispensers have been designed to reduce such application
negatives. However, cream formulations known in the literature may be
unacceptable for delivery from such dispensers.
It has been found that the antiperspirant creams of the present invention
containing selected emollients and thickening materials have good
application characteristics and very good efficacy while having good
aesthetic and cosmetic characteristics. In particular, such compositions
are stable, allowing use in cream dispensers. Such compositions also have
good rheology during application, very good efficacy, and leave low levels
of visible residue on the skin or clothing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides antiperspirant cream compositions,
comprising:
(a) from about 5% to about 60% of a volatile silicone oil;
(b) from about 5% to about 60% of a non-volatile liquid C.sub.12 -C.sub.25
saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon emollient having a viscosity of at
least about 2 cs at 25.degree. C.;
(c) from about 2% to about 10% of a particulate thickening material; and
(d) from about 15% to about 45% of a particulate antiperspirant active
material,
wherein said compositions have penetration force values of from about 150g
to about 800g at 25.degree. C. and at 50% relative humidity. These
compositions preferably contain from about 0.1% to about 60% of an
optional non-volatile emollient, from about 0.1% to about 10% of a
particulate hydrophilic polymer, and a cosmetic powder material, at a
level of from about 0.5% to about 20%. This invention also provides
methods for making these compositions.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The antiperspirant cream compositions of this invention comprise: a
volatile silicone oil, a non-volatile liquid C.sub.12 -C.sub.25 saturated
or unsaturated hydrocarbon emollient, a particulate thickening material,
and an antiperspirant active. They may also contain certain optical
components, such as (for example), additional emollients, hydrophillic
polymers, cosmetic powders, colorants, perfumes and emulsifiers. The
essential and optional components to be included in these creams must be
"cosmetically acceptable", i.e., safe for human use and aesthetically
acceptable at the levels encompassed by the present invention, at a
reasonable risk/ benefit ratio.
These compositions (herein "antiperspirant creams") encompass any
semi-solid composition that is suitable for depositing antiperspirant
material on human skin. The creams of this invention have a penetration
force value of from about 150 grams (g) to about 800g, preferably from
about 200g to about 550g at 25.degree. C. and at 50% relative humidity, as
measured with a Stevens Texture Analyzer, manufactured by C. Stevens &
Sons, Ltd. (This value is the force required to move a standardized 2
centimeter diameter disk through the product, for a distance of 15
millimeters, at a rate of 2 millimeters/ second.)
In particular, the antiperspirant creams of this invention comprise:
(a) from about 5% to about 60% of a volatile silicone oil;
(b) from about 5% to about 60% of a non-volatile liquid C.sub.12 -C.sub.25
saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon emollient having a viscosity of at
least about 2 cs at 25.degree. C.;
(c) from about 2% to about 10% of a particulate thickening material; and
(d) from about 15% to about 45% of a particulate antiperspirant active
material,
wherein said compositions have penetration force values of from about 150g
to about 800g at 25.degree. C. and at 50% relative humidity. (As used
herein, all percentages are by weight of the total composition).
These compositions preferably contain from about 0.1% to about 60% of an
optional non-volatile emollient, from about 0.1% to about 10% of a
particulate hydrophilic polymer, and a cosmetic powder material, at a
level of from about 0.5% to about 20%. This invention also provides
methods for making these compositions.
Preferably, these creams contain from about 20% to about 60% of the
volatile silicone oils, more preferably from about 30% to about 50%. The
non-volatile emollient is preferably present at a level of from about 10%
to about 30%, more preferably from about 12% to about 25%.
The particulate thickening material is preferably present at a level of
from about 2% to about 7%, more preferably from about 2.8% to about 4.5%.
The particulate hydrophilic polymer is preferably present at a level of
from about 0.25% to about 5.0% and most preferably from about 1.0% to
about 3.0%. Also preferably, the antiperspirant active material is present
at a level of from about 20% to about 30%. The total level of all
particulate materials (including the thickening material, the
antiperspirant active material, and any optional materials in particulate
form) is preferably from about 20% to about 50%, more preferably from
about 30% to about 50%, more preferably from about 32% to about 40%. As
used herein "particulate" materials are solid materials that are
substantially insoluble in the volatile silicone oils and non-volatile
emollients of the cream composition. The components of the invention are
described in detail below.
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS
Volatile Silicone Oil
The antiperspirant compositions of this invention contain one or more
volatile polyorganosiloxanes, which may function as a liquid emollient.
(As used herein, "volatile" refers to those materials which have a
measurable vapor pressure at ambient conditions.) The volatile
polyorganosiloxanes useful herein may be cyclic or linear. A description
of various volatile silicones is found in Todd, et al., "Volatile Silicone
Fluids for Cosmetics", 91 Cosmetics and Toiletries 27-32 (1976),
incorporated by reference herein.
Preferred cyclic silicones include polydimethylsiloxanes containing from
about 3 to about 9 silicon atoms, preferably containing from about 4 to
about 5 silicon atoms. Preferred linear silicone oils include the
polydimethylsiloxanes containing from about 3 to about 9 silicon atoms.
The linear volatile silicones generally have viscosities of less than
about 5 centistokes at 25.degree. C., while the cyclic materials have
viscosities of less than about 10 centistokes. Examples of silicone oils
useful in the present invention include: Dow Corning 344, Dow Corning 345,
and Dow Corning 200 (manufactured by the Dow Corning Corporation);
Silicone 7207 and Silicone 7158 (manufactured by the Union Carbide
Corporation); SF1202 (manufactured by General Electric); and SWS-03314
(manufactured by Stouffer Chemical).
Non-Volatile Liquid Emollient
The antiperspirant compositions of the present invention contain from about
5% to about 60% of a non-volatile liquid C.sub.12 to C.sub.25 saturated or
unsaturated hydrocarbon emollient with a viscosity of at least about 2 cs
at 25.degree. C., preferably 10 cs at 25.degree. C. The non-volatile
emollient is preferably present at a level of from about 12% to about 30%,
more preferably from about 15% to about 25%. The inclusion of these
non-volatile emollients improves the removal of the antiperspirant residue
during washing. The non-volatile liquid hydrocarbon emollients used herein
are non-polar or essentially non-polar.
Suitable examples of these compounds include saturated and unsaturated
dodecane, saturated and unsaturated tridecane, saturated and unsaturated
tetradecane, saturated and unsaturated pentadecane, saturated and
unsaturated hexadecane, saturated and unsaturated heptadecane, saturated
and unsaturated octadecane, saturated and unsaturated nonadecane,
saturated and unsaturated eicosane, saturated and unsaturated heneicosane,
saturated and unsaturated docosane, saturated and unsaturated tricosane,
saturated and unsaturated tetracosane, saturated and unsaturated
pentacosane, isomers of these compounds and mixtures thereof. Preferred
compounds include these isomers of C.sub.16 to C.sub.25 saturated and
unsaturated hydrocarbons. More preferred are C.sub.16 to C.sub.23
saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as the saturated and
unsaturated isomers of hexadecane and eicosane. Even more preferred are
the isomers are highly branched saturated or unsaturated alkanes, the
permethyl-substituted isomers. Most preferred are the
permethyl-substituted isomers of hexadecane and eicosane, such as 2, 2, 4,
4, 6, 6, 8, 8-dimethyl-10-methylundecane and 2, 2, 4, 4, 6,
6-dimethyl-8-methylnonane, sold by Permethyl Corporation.
Particulate Thickening Material
The compositions of this invention contain one or more materials which form
a semi-solid cream formulation (as described above) with the other
essential components. Such materials include colloidal silicas, silicates,
and mixtures thereof. These materials preferably form a cream having a
gel-like, shearthinning matrix when used in the manner of this invention.
Silicates useful herein include, for example, montmorillonite clays and
hydrophilically treated montmorillonites, e.g., bentonites, hectorites and
colloidal magnesium silicates. When silicates are used as the thickening
material of the present creams, they are preferably present at a level of
from about 5% to abut 10%. Commercially-available silicates useful herein
include, for example, the "Bentone" series of hydrophobic bentonites,
manufactured by NL Industries, Inc.
When hydrophobically-treated bentonites are used as the thickening
material, the creams of this invention also preferably contain a
gel-promoting agent. Gel-promoting agents useful herein include, for
example, water, lower alcohols (such as ethanol), acetone, propylene
carbonate, and mixtures thereof. Such materials are preferably included at
a level of from about 1% to about 3%, more preferably from about 1.5% to
about 2.5%.
A preferred thickening material useful herein is finely divided silica, or
"colloidal silica", which is comprised of micron to sub-micron sized
silica particulates, with high surface areas (preferably greater than
about 100 square meters per gram of material). Preferably, the colloidal
silica material is less than about 1 micron in size. Also preferably, the
silica material used in the present compositions is a fumed silica.
Fumed silicas can generally be described as fluffy, white, superfine
powders of extremely low bulk density but having high surface areas. These
fumed silicas are typically made by a vapor phase process that produces
colloidal silica by the hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride at a very high
temperature. These materials typically consist of about 99.8% silicon
dioxide by weight (on a moisture free basis), existing in three
dimensional branched chain aggregates, with a surface that is hydrophilic
and capable of hydrogen bonding. Such silicas have surface areas ranging
from about 2.5 to about 1,200 square meters per gram. Colloidal silica
materials are described in Hardy, et al., "The Use of Fumed Silica in
Cosmetics", 2 Cosmetic Technology 35 (1980) (incorporated by reference
herein) and R. Iler, The Chemistry of Silica (1979).
Colloidal silica materials among those useful herein are available from a
variety of sources, including Syloid silicas (manufactured by Davison
Chemical Division of W. R. Grace), Cab-O-Sil (manufactured by Cabot
Corporation), and Aerosil (manufactured by Degussa A.G.). Cab-O-Sil is a
preferred commercially available colloidal silica useful herein, with a
surface area ranging from about 200 to about 400 square meters per gram.
Particulate Antiperspirant Material
The particulate antiperspirant materials of this invention comprise any
compound or composition or mixtures thereof, having antiperspirant
activity. Astringent metallic salts are preferred antiperspirant materials
for use herein, particularly including the inorganic and organic salts of
aluminum, zirconium and zinc, and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred
are the aluminum and zirconium salts such as aluminum halides, aluminum
hydroxy halides, zirconyl oxide halides, zirconyl hydroxy halides, and
mixtures thereof.
Preferred aluminum salts include those of the formula
Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.a Cl.sub.b .multidot.xH.sub.2 O
wherein a is from about 2 to about 5; a+b =6; x is from about 1 to about 6;
and wherein a, b, and x may have non-integer values. Particularly
preferred are aluminum chlorhydroxides referred to as "5/6 basic
chlorhydroxide", wherein a =5, and "2/3 basic chlorhydroxide," wherein a
=4. Processes for preparing aluminum salts are disclosed in the following
documents, all incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,692,
Gilman, issued June 3, 1975; U.S. Pat. No. 3,904,741, Jones et al., issued
Sept. 9, 1975; U.S. Pat. No. 4,359,456, Gosling, et al., issued Nov. 16,
1982; and British Patent Specification No. 2,048,229, Fitzgerald, et al.,
published Dec. 10, 1980. Mixtures of aluminum salts are described in
British Patent Specification No. 1,347,950, Shin, et al., published Feb.
27, 1974 (incorporated by reference herein).
Zirconium salts are also preferred for use in antiperspirant creams of the
present invention. Such salts are of the general formula
ZrO(OH).sub.2-a Cl.sub.a .multidot.xH.sub.2 O
wherein a is from about 1.5 to about 1.87; x is from about 1 to about 7;
and wherein a and n may have non-integer values. These zirconium salts are
disclosed in Belgium Patent No. 825,146, Schmitz, issued Aug. 4, 1975,
(incorporated by reference herein). Preferably preferred zirconium salts
are those complexes also containing aluminum and glycine, commonly known
as "ZAG complexes". Such ZAG complexes contain aluminum chlorhydroxide and
zirconyl hydroxychloride of the formulae detailed above. These compounds
in ZAG complexes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,679,068, Luedders, et
al., issued Feb. 12, 1974 (incorporated herein by reference), and U.S.
Pat. No. 4,120,948, Shelton, issued Oct. 17, 1978 (incorporated by
reference herein).
Also useful are the ZAG complexes disclosed in G. P. Patent No. Application
2,144,992, Callaghan et al., published Mar. 20, 1985. These ZAG actives,
when analyzed by high pressure gel permeation chrometography, exhibit a
distribution pattern having four or more successive peaks or "bands" where
the height ratio of Bands IV to III is greater than 2:1.
More preferred are ZAG actives which have a total area under the curve of
bands I and II of less than about 10%, preferably less than about 5%, more
preferably less than about 2% and most preferably less than about 1%.
NON-ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS
The compositions of the present invention may also contain optional
components which modify the physical characteristics of the vehicles, or
serve as "active" components when deposited on the skin in addition to the
particulate antiperspirant material. Additional active components include
bacteriostats and fungistats. The particular non-active components that
may be useful will depend upon the form of application that is desired.
Such components include, for example, emollients, colorants, perfumes,
powders, and emulsifiers. Optional components useful herein are described
in the following documents, all incorporated by reference herein: U.S.
Pat. No. 4,049,792, Elsnau, issued Sept. 20, 1977; Canadian Patent No.
1,164,347, Beckmeyer, et al., issued Mar. 27, 1984; European Patent
Specification No. 117,070, May, published Aug. 29, 1984; and Geria,
"Formulation of Stick Antiperspirants and Deodorants," 99 Cosmetics &
Toiletries 55-60 (1984).
Optional Non-volatile Emollient
The present antiperspirant compositions preferably contain from about 0.1%
to about 60% of a non-volatile emollient having a viscosity of at least
about 2 centistokes (cs), at 25.degree. C. The non-volatile emollient may
consist of a single emollient, or a mixture having an overall viscosity of
at least about 2cs. Preferably, the non-volatile emollient has a viscosity
of from about 100 cs to about 500 cs, more preferably from about 200 cs to
about 500 cs.
Non-volatile emollients useful herein include fatty acid and fatty alcohol
esters, nearly water-insoluble ethers and alcohols, polyorganosiloxanes,
and mixtures thereof. Such emollients are described in 1 Cosmetics,
Science and Technology 27-104 (M. Balsam and E. Sagarin ed. 1972), and
U.S. Pat. No. 4,202,879, Shelton, issued May 13, 1980 (both incorporated
by reference herein).
The present compositions preferably contain a non-volatile silicone oil as
an emollient material. Such silicone oils include polyalkylsiloxanes,
polyalkyarylsiloxanes, and polyethersiloxane copolymers. Such polyalkyl
siloxanes include the Vicasil series (sold by General Electric Company)
and the Dow Corning 200 series (sold by Dow Corning Corporation).
Polyalkylaryl siloxanes include poly methylphenyl siloxanes having
viscosities of from about 15 to about 65 centistokes at 25.degree. C.
These are available, for example, as SF 1075 methylphenyl fluid (sold by
General Electric Company) and 556 Cosmetic Grade Fluid (sold by Dow
Corning Corporation).
Hydrophilic Polymers
The antiperspirant cream compositions of the present invention preferably
contain from about 0.5% to about 20% of at least one particulate
hydrophilic polymer. The inclusion of the hydrophilic polymer assists in
removal of the antiperspirant residue by washing. Preferred hydrophilic
polymers include cellulose ether polymers (cationic, neutral, and
anionic), modified starches, polyamides, (especially polyacrylamides), and
polypeptides, as disclosed generally in Davidson, Handbook of
Water-Soluble Gums and Resins, 1980. Preferably, the polymer is selected
from non-ionic cellulose ether polymers. Such cellulose ether polymers are
disclosed in Davidson, supra, Chapters 4 and 12-13. More preferred are
cellulose ether polymers selected from alkylcelluloses (e.g.,
methylcellullose), hydroxyalkylalkylcelluloses (e.g.,
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; hydroxybutylmethylcellulose;
hydroxyethylmethylcellulose; ethylhydroxyethylcellulose),
hydroxyalkylcelluloses (e.g., hydroxyethylcellulose;
hydroxypropylcellulose), and mixtures thereof. Most preferred are
hydroxyalkylcelluloses, especially hydroxyethylcellulose and
hydroxypropylcellulose. The cellulose ether polymers typically have
molecular weights within the range of from about 20,000 to about 5,000,000
and more typically within the range of from about 50,000 to about 500,000.
Cellulose ether polymers are described in "Handbook of Water-Soluble Gums
and Resins" (McGraw-Hill Book Co., N.Y.; 1980; Davidson, editor), Chapters
3, 4, 12 and 13, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by
reference in their entirety.
The cellulose ether polymers to be utilized herein bind to polar solvents
such as water and ethanol. However, as utilized in the antiperspirant
compositions herein, these polymers are exposed to very little if any
polar solvents. Furthermore, the cellulose ether polymers utilized herein
are not dissolved in the antiperspirant composition but rather are
distributed throughout the composition in particulate form. It is
preferred that the particle size be small to prevent the antiperspirant
composition from having a "gritty" feel. Preferably, the particle size is
from 1 to about 500 microns, more preferably from about 1 to about 100
microns, and most preferably from about 15 to about 75 microns. In the
case of non-spherical particles, the longest dimension of the particles is
considered for these preferred limits.
Representative examples of preferred cellulose ether polymers useful in the
compositions of the present invention are: hydroxyethylcellulose (Natrosol
250M sold by Hercules Chemical Co.); hydroxypropylcellulose (Klucel sold
by Hercules Chemical Co.); methylcellulose (Methocel-A supplied by Dow
Chemical Co.); and poly(ethylene oxide) (Polyox sold by Union Carbide
Corp.). Most preferred is hydroxyethylcellulose.
The hydrophilic polymers in total typically comprise from about 0.1% to
about 10% by weight of the compositions of the present invention, more
preferably from about 0.25% to about 5%, and most preferably from about 1%
to about 3%.
A preferred optional component is a cosmetic powder (or mixture of
powders), incorporated at a level of from about 0.5% to about 20%,
preferably from about 2% to about 10%. Preferred cosmetic powders useful
herein include "inert spherical particulate materials" having a mean
diameter of at least about 10 microns.
The "spherical particulate materials" are preferably essentially free of
(i.e., containing less than 2% by weight of material) particulates having
diameters greater than about 150 microns. Also preferably, the particles
have a mean diameter of from about 15 microns to about 75 microns.
Commercially-available inert particulate materials among those useful
herein may be of a nonuniform size distribution, containing some particles
outside the size ranges described herein. For the purposes of this
invention, such non-uniform materials preferably have a mean diameter
within the ranges described above.
Particularly preferred for use in the present invention is the inclusion of
the inert spherical particulate materials in a ratio of particulate
hydrophilic polymer to spherical particulate materials of from about 10:1
to about 1:10, preferably 5:1 to about 1:5.
As referred to herein, "inert articulates" are those particulates comprised
of materials or mixtures of materials which neither melt nor decompose nor
react with the wax thickener materials, silicone oils or other components
of the antiperspirant sticks, under the conditions of preparation and of
use. Among the optional particulate materials that may be incorporated in
this invention include those comprised of polyolefins (such as
polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene), nylon, waxes, Teflon.RTM.,
essentially water-insoluble cross-linked starches, and mixtures thereof.
Preferred inert particulate materials include those comprised of
polyolefins, particularly polyethylene. Without being limited by theory,
it is believed that these materials enhance the stability of the
antiperspirant cream matrix by adding support to the matrix formed by the
particulate thickening material. Therefore it is preferred that the
density of the particulate material be less than or equal to the density
of the mixture of the volatile and nonvolatile emollients. Preferably, the
density of the particulate material is less than the density of the
emollient mixture. Polyethylene materials, as well as particulates made
from other polyolefins, can be prepared by any of several methods known in
the art. (See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 2,825,721, Hogan, et al., issued Mar.
4, 1958.) Polyethylene polymers with low molecular weights such as 1,500
to 3,000, as well as polymers of such high molecular weights as 35,000 to
100,000, may be used. One such polyethylene powder useful in this
invention is Microthene.RTM., manufactured by U.S.I. Chemicals, having a
mean particle diameter of from about 14 to about 20 microns. Among other
commercially-available materials useful herein are 3M Glass Bubbles
(soda-lime borosilicate glass spheres sold by 3M Company) and
Miralite.RTM. (low density polyvinylidene chloride hollow microspheres, of
approximately 30 microns mean diamter, sold by Pierce & Stevens Chemical
Corporation).
Other cosmetic powders useful herein include silicate powders (including
talc, aluminum silicate, and magnesium silicate), modified corn starches,
metallic stearates, and mixtures thereof. Talc is described in K. S.
Plotkin, "Cosmetic Talc" 11 C.T.F.A. Cosmetic Journal 13-16 (1979),
incorporated by reference herein. Commercially-available powders include,
for example, Veecote (anhydrous aluminum silicate, sold by R. T.
Vanderbilt Company, Inc.) and Dry Flo (aluminum starch succinate, sold by
National Starch and Chemicals Company).
METHODS
A preferred method for making the antiperspirant creams of this invention
generally comprises the steps of:
(a) admixing the essential and optional components of said creams, under
low-shear conditions, yielding a liquid mixture having a penetration value
of from about 15 grams to about 200 grams at 25.degree. C. and at 50%
relative humidity; and
(b) milling said liquid mixture, under high shear conditions, with a
dispersing disc at a disc tip speed of at least about 8 meters/second.
These processes may be batch processes (i.e., involving discrete processing
steps) or continuous (i.e., wherein the product composition is passed
between processing steps in essentially continuous increments). The
equipment used in this preferred process is commercially available.
The admixing step preferably involves first admixing the volatile silicone
oil and non-volatile emollient and any other liquid components. The
antiperspirant active material is then added, followed by the particulate
hydrophilic polymer and any other particulate components. Preferably the
thickening material is added last. Conventional blending equipment may be
used. Preferably the penetration value of the mixture is from about 15g to
about 200g at 25.degree. C. and at 50% relative humidity.
The high-shear milling step is preferably performed in a conventional
dispersing disc milling apparatus. The tip speed of the dispersion disc is
preferably from about 8 meters/second to about 22 meters/second. The
mixture is preferably milled until a maximum penetration value is
obtained, preferably at least about 200g, preferably from about 300g to
about 400g at 25.degree. C. and at 50% relative humidity.
Creams of this invention may be packed in conventional antiperspirant cream
containers, known in the art. Such packages typically contain the cream in
bulk form. The cream is then applied by hand, or by a pad or similar
applicator device. However, the present creams may also be provided in
other package dispensers, designed to extrude or otherwise directly apply
the creams to the skin.
The following non-limiting examples illustrate the compositions, processes
and uses of the present invention.
EXAMPLE I
An antiperspirant cream, according to this invention, was made comprising:
______________________________________
Component % (by weight)
______________________________________
cyclomethicone (D5)
43.5
dimethicone (350 cs)
4.0
iso-eicosane.sup.4
13.0
Cab-O-Sil HS-5.sup.1
4.0
Microthene FN510.sup.2
6.0
Natrosol.sup.3 2.0
Reach AZ.sup.5 26.7
fragrance 0.8
______________________________________
1: colloidal silica thickening material, sold by Cabot Corporation.
2: low density polyethylene powder, sold by U.S.I. Chemicals.
3: hydroxyethylcellulose, sold by Hercules, Inc.
4: 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, 8-dimethyl-10-methylundecane, obtained from
Permethyl Corporation, Frazier, Pennzylvania.
5: zirconium-aluminum-glycine hydroxychloride complex, particulate
antiperspirant active material, sold by Reheis Chemical Company.
The cyclomethicone, dimethicone, iso-eicosane and perfume are added to a
stainless steel mixing vessel. The Cab-O-Sil is then added, followed by
the Microthene and Natrosol and, finally, the antiperspirant active. The
composition is thoroughly stirred after addition of each particulate
material.
The composition is then milled, using a Black and Decker Die Grinder (Model
4420, type 4) with a 6.35 cm diameter Cowles dispersing blade at
approximately 6000 rpm, for approximately 5 minutes. The penetration force
value of the milled composition is approximately 300 grams at 25.degree.
C. and at 50% relative humidity.
An antiperspirant cream formulation, comprised as above, is applied to the
underarm area of a human subject, and reduces the perspiration in the
applied area.
EXAMPLE II
An antiperspirant cream, according to this invention, is made comprising:
______________________________________
Component % (by weight)
______________________________________
cyclomethicone (D5)
43.5
dimethicone (350 cs)
6.0
iso-eicosane 12.0
Cab-O-Sil HS-5 4.0
Microthene FN510 5.0
polyox.sup.1 2.0
Reach AZ 26.7
fragrance 0.8
______________________________________
1: poly (ethylene oxide), sold by Union Carbide Corp.
The cyclomethicone and dimethicone and perfume are added to a stainless
steel mixing vessel. The antiperspirant active is then added, followed by
the Microthene and, finally, the Cab-O-Sil. The composition is thoroughly
stirred after addition of each particulate material.
The composition is then milled, using a Black and Decker Die Grinder (Model
4420, type 4) with a 6.35 cm diameter Cowles dispersing blade at
approximately 6000 rpm, for approximately 5 minutes. The penetration force
value of the milled composition is to be approximately 300 grams at
25.degree. C. and at 50% relative humidity.
An antiperspirant cream formulation, comprised as above, is applied to the
underarm area of a human subject, and reduced the perspiration in the
applied area.
EXAMPLE III
An antiperspirant cream, according to this invention, is made comprising:
______________________________________
Component % (by weight)
______________________________________
cyclomethicone (D5)
43.3
dimethicone (350 cs)
10.0
iso-hexadecane.sup.1
5.0
Cab-O-Sil 4.0
Natrosol 2.0
Microthene 4.0
talc 5.0
ZAG antiperspirant active
26.7
______________________________________
1: 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6-dimethyl-8-methylnonane obtained from Permethyl Corp.,
Frazier, Pennsylvania.
The antiperspirant cream is made by a method analogous to that described in
Example I. The penetration force value is approximately 520.degree. at
25.degree. C. and at 50% relative humidity.
EXAMPLE IV
An antiperspirant cream, according to this invention, is made comprising:
______________________________________
Component % (by weight)
______________________________________
cyclomethicone (D4)
45.3
iso-eicosane 20.0
Cab-O-Sil 3.0
Microthene 5.0
ZAG antiperspirant active
26.7
______________________________________
The antiperspirant cream is made by a method analogous to that described in
Example I. The penetration force value is approximately 170.degree. at
25.degree. C. and at 50% relative humidity.
EXAMPLE V
An antiperspirant cream, according to this invention, is made comprising:
______________________________________
Component % (by weight)
______________________________________
cyclomethicone (D4)
34.3
dimethicone (350 cs)
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