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Description  |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pneumatic pressure controlling apparatus
for controlling the pneumatic pressure in an automobile tire, and more
particularly, to such an apparatus capable of changing the pressure in the
tire and controlling pneumatic pressure load detected at a vehicle body
side.
In an automobile, the tire pnuematic pressure is controlled, if desired, in
accordance with the road surface condition such as rain-wet surface
snowfall and vehicle running condition such as high or low speed running.
However, conventionally, the automobile must be stopped for changing the
tire pressure. If high pressure is required, the automobile must be in the
parked condition such as at a gasoline service station.
Further, if the tire pressure decreases to a level lower than the minimum
pressure, fuel consumption may be increased. A special technique is
required to detect the tire pressure at the vehicle compartment, since the
tire is a rotational member. For example, in an attempt to detect the
pneumatic pressure of the tire at the vehicle compartment by a pressure
sensor mounted in the vehicle body side, a special sliding structure is
required at a fluid passageway connecting the tire and the pressure sensor
to fluid-tightly connect the totational member to the stationary member.
This sliding structure must provide wear resistance as well as
fluid-tightness. Therefore, in the apparatus proposed, disposed at the
tire side (movable side) are the pressure sensor and a wireless
transmitter which sends wireless or radio signal of detection, and
disposed at the vehicle side is a receiver which receives the output
signal from the transmitter.
However, according to the apparatus proposed, the resultant apparatus has a
complicated structure and requires an expensive transmitter and detector.
Therefore, the entire device becomes costly.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome the
above-mentioned drawbacks and to provide an improved tire pneumatic
pressure controlling apparatus.
Another object the invention is to provide such an apparatus capable of
performing easy pressure control regardless of the running condition and
running or stationary position of the vehicle.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide such an
improved apparatus in which pressure detection is attainable in the
vehicle compartment.
Still another object of the invention is to provide the apparatus having a
simplified construction which can be produced at low cost.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which
provides, high durability, high pressure detecting function, and can be
easily assembled.
Still another object of the invention is to provide the control apparatus
in which pneumatic pressure of the tire is positively controlled.
Briefly, and in accordance with the present invention, a pressure source is
installed on the vehicle body side, and a communication passage is formed
in an axle shaft. The passage has one end in fluid communication with a
tire, and the other end is in communication with the pressure source.
Between the other ene of the passage and the pressure source, a coupling
means is provided. The coupling means includes a sealing means in sliding
contact with the axle shaft and provides an air-tight relationship between
the pressure source and the other end of the passage. Further, in the
fluid path between the pressure source and the tire, a valve means is
provided. when the valve means is opened, the pressure source is connected
to the tire through the fluid passage and the coupling means. Therefore,
by changing the pressure level at the pressure source, the pneumatic
pressure desired in the tire is obtainable regardless of the vehicle
running condition or vehicle position.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, an annular space is
provided by providing a pluraity of annular projections radially
projecting from the inner periphral surface of an outer race and/or from
the outer peripheral surface of an inner race of a bearing means. The
embodiment also includes a communication passage, vent holes, permanent
magnet members, magnetic fluid, and control means. The communication
passage has one end in communcation with the tire, and the other end
portion extending through the inner race and in communication with the
annular space. The vent holes extend through the outer race and are in
communication with the annular space. The permanent magnet members are
postioned in the annular space. The magnetic fluid fluid-tightly maintains
the annular space by the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet
members. The control means controls the pneumatic pressure detected
through the communication passage, the annular space and the vent holes. A
valve means is provided to selectively connect the pressure source fo the
vent holes. The control means also controls the opening degree of the
valve means in response to a detection of the pneumatic pressure detected
through the communication passage, the annular space and the vent holes.
The vent holes communicate with the tire through the communication passage
and the annular space is fluid-tightly maintained. In this case, the outer
race formed with the vent holes is supported, in a stationary position so
that the pressure in the tire which is the movable member is directly
detected through the vent holes which are stationary, so that detection
performance is enhanced. In this case, since the magnetic fluid activated
by the permanent magnet members is used at the fluid tight portion between
the rotating inner race and the stationary outer race, no frictional wear
occurs at the fluid-tight portion despite the rotational movement of the
inner race. Therefore, enhanced durability is obtainable. Further, a
compact apparatus results since the annular space required for the
pressure detection is proviced inside the bearing portion which rotatably
supports the axle shaft. Furthermore, assembleability is improved, since
the pressure control apparatus can be made in a unit together with the
bearing means. Moreover, when the valve means is opened, the pressure
source communicates with the tire. With this arrangement, the tire
pressure is positively controlled by controlling the opening degree of the
valve means by a control means
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings;
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an essential portion according to
a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional elevation showing a coupling means
according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an exploded segmental view showing the coupling means of the
first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an essential portion according to
a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a permanent magnet
member used in the second embodiment; and,
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a pneumatic pressure supplying system
which supplies pneumatic pressure to an automobile tire according to the
present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A first embodiment according to the present invention will be described
with reference to FIGS. 1-3. In the first embodiment, the present
invention is adapted to an automobile, and FIG. 1 shows a pneumatic
pressure controlling apparatus assembled to one of the wheels of the
automobile. In FIG. 1, an axle shaft 1 (movable member) extends through an
axle housing member 2 (stationary member), and is supported thereby
through a bearing means 3. A sealing means 4 is provided at an axial end
portion of the housing member 2. A hub member 5 is provided integral with
an end portion of the axle shaft 1, and a load wheel 6 is fixedly secured
to the hub 5 by means of a hub bolt 7a and a nut 7b. A tire 8(shown in
FIG. 6) is mounted on the load wheel 6.
A first communication passageway 9 is formed in the axle shaft 1. The
communication passageway 9 extends in an axial center of the axle shaft 1,
and has an open end opened at an end face of the axle shaft 1. The open
end portion of the passageway 9 is in fluid communication with the tire
interior through a mouthpiece 10 and a pipe 11. The mouthpiece 10 is
connected to the open end of the passageway 11 and the pipe 11 is coupled
to the mouthpiece 10. A nut 12 is coupled to the pipe end in order to
sealingly couple the pipe 11 to the mouthpiece 10.
A second communication passageway 13 is formed in the axle shaft 1. The
second passageway 13 extends in radial direction of the axle shaft 1, and
the other end of the first passageway 9 is in fluid communication with the
second passageway 13. A coupling member 14 extends through the wall of the
housing member 2, and is connected to a pipe 15. The coupling member 14 is
in alignment with the second passageway 13 in the radial direction of the
shaft 1.
A coupling means 16 is provided between the pipe 15 and the second
communication passageway 13, i.e., between the pipe 15 and the first
communication passageway 9 so as to provide fluid-tight connection
therebetween. Details of the coupling means 16 will be described with
reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. The coupling means 16 includes the
above-mentioned bearing means 3. The bearing means 3 is in the form of
double bearings 17,17 which are arranged in the axial direction of the
axle shaft 1 as shown in FIG. 1. An inner race of the bearing means 3 is
subdivided into two pieces 18 and 18 in an axial direction thereof as best
shown in FIG. 3, and the two pieces confront with each other. The inner
race is formed of a magnetic material. At each of the confronting portions
of the inner race pieces 18,18, four recesses are formed at every 90
degrees angular positions. When the two inner race pieces confront each
other, these recesses provide four perforation holes 18a extending in the
radial direction of the shaft 1. Two of the four perforation holes 18a are
in alignment with the radially open ends of the second communication
passageway 13 upon assembly of the inner races to the outer peripheral
surface of the axle shaft 1. O-rings 19,19 are provided at both sides of
the perforation holes 18a between the axle shaft 1 and the inner races 18,
so that fluid passing through the holes 18a can be sealed by the O-rings.
On the other hand, an outer race 20 of the bearing means 3 is not
subsdivided but is a singular member. The outer race is formed of a
magnetic material. Two annular projections 20a,20a protrude radially
inwardly from an inner peripheral surface of the outer race 20. A space 21
is provided between the projections 20a and 20a, which space is in
confrontation with the perforation holes 18a of the inner races 18. In
this case, a gap defined between the outer peripheral surface of the inner
races and radially inner end faces of the annular projections 20a is
minimized.
An outer peripheral surface of the outer race 20 of the bearing means 3 is
formed with an annular groove 20b. At the bottom portion of the groove
20b, four vent holes 20c are formed. These vent holes 20c extend in the
radial direction of the bearing means, and are provided at every 90
degrees angular positions. The vent holes extend through the wall of the
outer race 20. When the outer race 20 is assembled with the inner
peripheral surface of the housing member 2, and annular groove 20b is in
alignment with the coupling member 14. O-rings 22 are provided at both
sides of the annular groove 20b, and between the axle housing member 2 and
the outer race 20.
A cylindrical permanent magnet member 23 is disposed between the annular
projections 20a and 20a of the outer race 20. The magnet member 23 is
magnetized along an axial direction thereof, and consists of four arcuate
permanent magnets of depressed shape, and each having the same
configuration. The four magnets are assembled to provide a hollow
cylindrical magnet member 23, and the holes 23a are provided at the
contacting faces of the four magnet pieces. As a result, the holes 23a are
provided at every 90 degrees angular position. When the permanent magnet
member 23 is assembled in the inner peripheral surface of the outer race
20 and between the annular projections 20a and 20a, each of the holes 23a
is in alignment with each of the vent holes 20c of the outer race 20.
By the provision of the permanent magnet member 23, magnetic flux generated
by the permanent magnet member 23 passes through the inner and outer races
formed of the magnetic material as shown by an arrow in FIG. 2. This
circulation of the magnetic flux greatly increases magnetic flux density
at the gap defined between the outer peripheral surface of the inner races
20 and the radially inner end faces of the annular projections 20a.
With this increase of the magnetic flux density at that portion, magnetic
fluid 24 in the annular space 21 is concentrated at the gap portion
defined between the outer peripheral surface of the inner race and the
radially inner end faces of the annular projections. Therefore, the
magnetic fluid 24 serves to maintain a fluid tight arrangement with
respect to the annular space 21 because of the magnetic flux of the magnet
member 23. This fluid-tight arrangement is maintained even at the rotation
phase of the inner race 18. Thus, pneumatic pressure in the automobile
tire 8 is detectable even during the rotational phase of the axle shaft
through the pipe 11, first communication passageway 9, second
communication passageway 13, perforation holes 18a of the inner races 18,
annular space 21, holes 23a of the permanent magnet member 23, vent holes
20c of the outer race 20, annular groove 20b of the outer race 20, a
coupling member 14, and the pipe 15.
The mechanical segments shown in FIG. 3 are provisionally assembled
together to provide a unit, and the unit is mounted on the axle shaft 1.
After the unit is mounted to the shaft 1, a planar end of the inner race
18 is held by a nut 25 threadingly engaged with the axle shaft 1, so that
the inner race is fixed to the shaft 1. The outer race 20 is fixed to the
axle housing member 2 by a suitable member (not shown).
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with
reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, wherein like parts and components are
designated by the same reference numerals and characters as those shown in
FIGS. 1-3. In the second embodiment, oil seals 4a and 4b are provided at
both sides of a single bearing 3', and there is no member corresponding to
the coupling member 14 in the first embodiment.
The structure of a coupling means 16' is different from theat of the
coupling means 16 in the first embodiment. That is, according to the
coupling means 16' of the second embodiment, an annular coupling case 57
is fixed to the axle housing member 2 (stationary member). The coupling
case 57 surrounds the outer surface of the axle shaft 1 in such a manner
that the case 57 is in soft abutment therewith. The coupling case 57 has
an inner peripheral surface formed with an annular space 57a which
position is in alignment with the rotational locus of the open ends of the
second communication passageway 13. In the coupling case 57, a radial vent
passage 57b is formed which allows the annular space 57a to fluid-tightly
communicate with the pipe 15.
Annular permanent magnet members 23' are disposed at both sides of the vent
passage 57b. The magnet members 23' also serve as annular sealing members,
and are disposed between the inner peripheral surface of the annular
coupling case 57 and the outer peripheral surface of the axle shaft 1. As
shown in FIG. 5, the permanent magnet member 23' has T-shape
cross-section. The three projections of the T-shape are magnetized so that
each has a magnetic pole different from each other. For example, in FIG.
5, leftward projection has S-pole, downward projection has N-pole, and
rightward projection has S-pole. A pair of annular sealing plates 59, 59
are disposed at both axial end portions of the coupling case 57. Each of
the annular sealing plates 59 is disposed at an axially outer portion of
the permanent magnet member 23' and is positioned between the axle shaft 1
and sleeve portion 57c of the case 57. The outer peripheral end portion of
the annular sealing plate 59 is fitted with an annular groove of the
sleeve portion 57c. Further, stop rings 60 are fitted on the outer
peripheral surface of the axle shaft 1 to fixe an inner peripheral end
portion of the sealing plate 59 at a position.
A magnetic fluid 24 which serves as sealing means is filled in a space
defined by the coupling case 57, permanent magnet members 23' and the
sealing plates 59. Accordingly, the magnetic fluid 24 in the space is in
sliding contact with the axle shaft 1 with being adsorbed by the permanent
magnet member 23', so that a fluid-tight arrangement is obtained between a
spaced portion 57a of the coupling case 57 which is a stationary side and
end openings of the second passageway 13 which is the moving side because
of the action of the magnetic fluid 24.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing control of pneumatic pressure in the
four tires 8 by the application of the pneumatic pressure control
apparatus of the present invention which employs the above-mentioned
coupling means 16 and 16' described in the first and second embodiments
respectively.
In FIG. 6, an air compressor 26 is connected with an air tank 27 which
accumulates compressed air therein supplied from the compressor 26. The
air tank 27 is connected with a regulator 28 which supplies air having
predetermined compressed pressure to tires 8. The air pressure is
controllable within a predetermined range by an actuator 29, and air
supply from the regulator can be started or stopped by the actuator 29.
Further, an air discharge outlet 28a of the regulator 28 is connected to
pipes 15 for the respective tires. Therefore, when the air discharge
outlet 28a is opened, an air communication passageway is provided between
the air tank 27 and the tire interiors through the regulator 28, pipe 15,
the coupling means 16, second and first passageway 13 and 9, and pipe 11.
The air compressor 26, the air tank 27 and the regulator 28 are mounted
preferably on a vehicle body.
Electromagnetic valves 30 are respectively provided on the air
communication passageway, such as on the pipes 15. Further, pressure
sensor 31 is provided to detect the pressure in the passageway,
particularly in the pipe 15, in its turn the tire pressure. The sensor 31
generates pressure signal Sa as shown. A vehicle velocity sensor 32 is
provided which detects predetermined rotation numbers of the axle shaft 2.
The sensor 32 generates vehicle velocity signal Sb as shown. Further, an
indicator 33 is provided in a vehicle compartment. The indicator 33
displays the actual pressure of tires 8 as well as predetermined pneumatic
pressure preset by an operation switch (described later) and instructs
when the tire pressure is reduced to a level less than the predetermined
level. A control means 35 is also provided in the vehicle compartment. The
control means 35 control the operations of the actuator 29, which in turn
controls the pressure level or pressure supply at the air discharge outlet
28a of the regulator 28, electromagnetic valve 30 and indicator 33 in
accordance with the operation signal Sc sent from the operation switch 34,
pressure signal Sa and the vehicle velocity signal Sb. Incidentally, the
operation signal Sc sent from the operation switch 34 includes a first
command signal for determining the pneumatic pressure of the tire 8 and a
second command signal for selectively suspending the operation of the
control means 35.
With this arrangement, when the operation of the control means 35 is
suspended, each of the electromagnetic valves 30 are maintained in their
closed position. On the other hand, when the operation of the control
means 35 is initiated, the control means 35 normally render the air
discharge outlet 28a of the regulator 28 to be closed by way of the
actuator 29. During the outlet closing state, each of the electromagnetic
valves 30 is successively opened one by one, and pressure signal Sa at the
time of valve opening is read out. Thus, pneumatic pressure in each of the
tires is monitored in accordance with the read out pressure signal Sa. The
control means 35 sends an instruction to the indicator 33, so that the
monitored pneumatic pressures relative to the tires are displayed in the
indicator 33. Further, the control means 35 sends an instruction to the
indicator 33 for instructing the pressure decrease in the tire 8 if the
monitored pneumatic pressures become lower than the predetermined minimum
level. In this case, it is preferable to concurrently indicate the
specific tire 8 which is subjected to pressure decrease.
In addition to the above-mentioned alarming function, the control means 35
maintains a valve open state of a specific electromagnetic valve 30
corresponding to the specific tire subjected to pressure decrease.
Further, the control means 35 sends an instruction to open the air
discharge outlet 28a of the regulator 28 by way of the actuator 29. During
this period, pneumatic pressure of the specific tire is monitored in
accordance with the pressure signal Sa. In this case, the control means 35
controls the pneumatic pressure supplied from the regulator 28 to a
predetermined pressure level which is instructed from the operation signal
Sc from the operation switch 34. Therefore, air is supplied from the
regulator 28 to the specific tire having reduced pressure until the tire
has a predetermined pressure.
When the pneumatic pressure of the tire 8 reaches the predetermined
pressure level, the control means 35 closes the air discharge outlet 28 of
the regulator 28, and the above-mentioned pressure monitoring operation is
again started.
Further, the control means 35 always reads out the vehicle velocity signal
Sb for monitoring the velocity of the vehicle. If the monitored vehicle
velocity exceeds the predetermined level such as for example 80 to 90
km/h, the control means sends an instruction signal to open each of the
electromagnetic valves 30 and to open the air discharge outlet 28a by way
of the actuator 29. Therefore, the pressure level supplied from the
regulator 28 is controlled to have a predetermined pressure. As a result,
pneumatic pressures in the respective tires 8 are automatically increased
during high speed travel of the vehicle. If the vehicle velocity is
lowered to an ordinary velocity, the above-mentioned high pressure
condition is cancelled, and the electromagnetic valve 30 is opened and the
pressure level supplied from the regulator 28 is lowered.
According to the above-described embodiments when the pneumatic pressure of
the tire 8 is less than the predetermined minimum level, such pressure
decrease is displayed in the indicator. Even during vehicle running, the
pneumatic pressure is automatically increased to a predetermined level
regardless of the vehicle position. As a result, optimum pneumatic
pressure is obtainable for the enhancement of the vehicle running
performance, to thereby decrease fuel consumption. Further, according to a
first embodiment of the present invention, fluid tightness between the
hole 18a of the inner race 18(rotary side) and the space 21 of the outer
race 20(stationary side) is obtained by the magnetic fluid 24 activated by
the permanent magnet member 23. With this structure, no frictional wear
occurs which wear is seen in the conventional solid sealing member. Thus,
any leakage from space 21 is prevented.
Further, the pneumatic pressure in the tire 8 is directly detected at the
vehicle body side, and therefore detection efficiency is improved with
simplified construction which does not require a transmitter and a
receiver such as those used in the apparatus proposed. Furthermore, in the
first embodiment, the space 21 which is required for the pressure
detection is provided inside the bearing means 3 by utilizing the outer
race 20, so that a compact apparatus results with a simple structure.
Moreover, the coupling means 16 is assembled as one unit to the axle
shaft, so that assembleability is enhanced.
In the first embodiment, two annular projections 20a are provided at the
inner peripheral surface of the outer race 20 in order to provide the
annular space 21. However, this space is also provided by providing two
annular projections at the outer peripheral surface of the inner race 18,
or by providing a single annular projection at the outer surface of the
inner race, and another annular projection at the inner surface of the
outer race 20.
Further, in the above embodiments, air is automatically supplied to the
tire when the pneumatic pressure therein is reduced. However, it is also
possible to manually control the pressure by manually opening the
electromagnetic valve 30 in accordance with the operator's will. By this
manual operation, pneumatic pressure can be changed in response to the
road surface conditions such as rain-wet surface, or snowfall.
Furthermore, it is possible to independently control pneumatic pressure of
the respective tires.
According to the second embodiment of the present invention,
fluid-tightness is obtained between the second passageway 13 in the shaft
1(rotary side) and the space 57a in the coupling case 57(stationary side)
by the magnetic fluid 24 activated by the magnets 23'. Therefore, similar
to the first embodiment, there is no frictional wearing, which wear occurs
in the conventional solid sealing member, since the magnetic fluid serves
as the sealing element. As a, a sufficient seal results between the axle
shaft 1 and the coupling case 57 for an prolonged period and the
durability of entire apparatus is improved.
In view of the foregoing, according to the present invention, the pneumatic
pressure of the tire is controllable to a predetermined level regardless
of the vehicle running condition or vehicle position. Further, a
simplified overall apparatus results having a compact size with low
production costs and easy assembleability to the vehicle. Yet the
apparatus provides high durability and high pressure detecting
performance, and is capable of directly detecting the pressure level at
the vehicle body side. Furthermore, the tire pressure is positively
controlled, if desired.
While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to
specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the
art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without
departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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