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Method of forming a color image and silver halide color photographic material using developer with substantially no benzyl alcohol and low bromide concentration    
United States Patent4853321   
Link to this pagehttp://www.wikipatents.com/4853321.html
Inventor(s)Momoki; Yasuhito (Kanagawa, JP); Asami; Masahiro (Kanagawa, JP); Sakai; Nobuo (Kanagawa, JP); Otani; Shigeaki (Kanagawa, JP)
AbstractA method of forming a color image and a silver halide color photographic material comprising a reflective support having thereon at least one light-sensitive layer containing at least one coupler which forms a dye upon a coupling reaction with an oxidation product of an aromatic primary amine color developing agent and a silver halide emulsion which contains at least 80% by mol of silver chloride and substantially no silver iodide the method comprising processing with a color developing solution which contains not more than 0.002 mol of a bromine ion per liter and substantially no benzyl alcohol for a development time of not more than 2 minutes and 30 seconds in the presence of at least one compound represented by the following formulae (I), (II), or (III), as defined in the specification. The method of forming a color image and the silver halide color photographic material according to the present invention enable rapid processing to be conducted while controlling the fog formation with high sensitivity.
   














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Inventor     Momoki; Yasuhito (Kanagawa, JP); Asami; Masahiro (Kanagawa, JP); Sakai; Nobuo (Kanagawa, JP); Otani; Shigeaki (Kanagawa, JP)
Owner/Assignee     Fuji Photo Film, Co., Ltd. (Kanagawa, JP)
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Publication Date     August 1, 1989
Application Number     07/051,437
PAIR File History     Application Data   Transaction History
Image File Wrapper   Patent Term   Fees
Litigation
Filing Date     May 19, 1987
US Classification     430/380 430/372 430/377 430/382 430/434 430/440 430/445 430/446 430/464 430/467 430/468 430/489 430/544 430/551
Int'l Classification     G03C 007/30 G03C 005/24 G03C 001/34
Examiner     Michl; Paul R.
Assistant Examiner     Doody; Patricia A.
Attorney/Law Firm     Sughrue, Mion, Zinn, Macpeak & Seas
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Parent Case    
Priority Data     May 19, 1986[JP]61-114276
USPTO Field of Search     430/372 430/377 430/464 430/468 430/380 430/397 430/467 430/434 430/440 430/435 430/441 430/442 430/445 430/446 430/382 430/489 430/544 430/551
Patent Tags     forming color image silver halide color photographic material developer substantially no benzyl alcohol low bromide concentration
   
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4610954
Torigoe
430/445
Sep,1986

[0 after 0 votes]
4565777
Ogawa
430/552
Jan,1986

[0 after 0 votes]
4565774
Kajiwara
430/382
Jan,1986

[0 after 0 votes]
4564590
Sasaki
430/551
Jan,1986

[0 after 0 votes]
4529690
Ohbayashi
430/543
Jul,1985

[0 after 0 votes]
4526861
Ichijima
430/385
Jul,1985

[0 after 0 votes]
4524132
Aoki
430/552
Jun,1985

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4443536
Lestina
430/552
Apr,1984

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4418140
Mifune
430/351
Nov,1983

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4328302
Nishimura
430/264
May,1982

[0 after 0 votes]
4304844
Fujimatsu
430/384
Dec,1981

[0 after 0 votes]
4299914
Fujimatsu
430/384
Nov,1981

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4035188
Yabuta
430/467
Jul,1977

[0 after 0 votes]
3996054
Santemma
430/377
Dec,1969

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What is claimed is:

1. A method of forming a color image which comprises processing a silver halide color photographic material comprising a reflective support having thereon at least one light-sensitive layer containing at least one coupler which forms a dye upon a coupling reaction with an oxidation product of an aromatic primary amine color developing agent and a silver halide emulsion which contains at least 80% by mol of silver chloride with a color developing solution which contains not more than 0.002 mol of a bromine ion per liter for a development time of not more than 2 minutes and 30 seconds in the presence of at least one compound represented by the following formula (I), (II), or (III): ##STR45## wherein R represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aryl group; and X represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an ammonium group, or a precursor; ##STR46## wherein L represents a divalent connecting group; R' represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aryl group; X has the same meaning as defined in formula (I); and n represents 0 or 1; and ##STR47## wherein R.sup.1, X, L, and n each has the same meaning as defined in formula (II); R.sup.3 has the same meaning as defined for R'; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 may be the same or different, wherein the color developing solution has a benzyl alcohol concentration of not more than 0.5 ml per liter of the color developing solution and wherein the content of silver iodide in the silver halide emulsion which contains at least 80% by mol of silver chloride is not more than 1% by mol.

2. A method of forming a color image as claimed in claim 1, wherein a substituent for the substituted alkyl group or the substituted alkenyl group represented by R, R', or R.sup.3 is one or more members selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an acylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, a ureido group, an amino group, a heterocyclic group, an acyl group, a sulfamoyl group, a sulfonamido group, a thioureido group, a carbamoyl group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, a heterocyclic thio group, and a carboxylic acid group or a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof.

3. A method of forming a color image as claimed in claim 1, wherein a substituent for the substituted aryl group represented by R, R', or R.sup.3 is one or more members selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an acylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, a ureido group, an amino group, a heterocyclic group, an acyl group, a sulfamoyl group, a sulfonamido group, a thioureido group, a carbamoyl group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, a heterocyclic thio group, and a carboxylic acid group or a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof.

4. A method of forming a color image as claimed in claim 1, wherein the divalent connecting group represented by L is ##STR48## or a combination thereof, wherein R.sup.0, R.sup.1, and R.sup.2 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aralkyl group.

5. A method of forming a color image as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound represented by formulae (I), (II), or (III) is present in a light-sensitive hydrophilic colloid layer or a light-insensitive hydrophilic colloid layer of the silver halide color photographic material and/or the color developing solution.

6. A method of forming a color image as claimed in claim 5, wherein an amount of the compound to be incorporated into the silver halide color photographic material is from 1.times.10.sup.-5 mol to 5.times.10.sup.-2 mol per mol of the silver halide present therein.

7. A method of forming a color image as claimed in claim 5, wherein an amount of the compound to be added to the color developing solution is from 1.times.10.sup.-6 mol to 1.times.10.sup.-3 mol per liter of the solution.

8. A method of forming a color image as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silver halide emulsion is a silver chlorobromide emulsion, and the compound is selected from those represented by formula (I) or (II).

9. A method of forming a color image as claimed in claim 1, wherein an amount of silver halide coated on the reflective support, which is calculated in terms of silver, is not more than 0.78 g/m.sup.2.

10. A method of forming a color image as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silver halide emulsion is a monodispersed silver halide emulsion having a ratio of a standard deviation to an average grain size of not more than 0.2.

11. A method of forming a color image as claimed in claim 1, wherein the silver halide color photographic material comprises at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one yellow color forming coupler, at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one magenta color forming coupler, and at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one cyan color forming coupler.

12. A silver halide color photographic material which comprises a reflective support having thereon at least one light-sensitive layer containing at least one coupler which forms a dye upon a coupling reaction with an oxidation product of an aromatic primary amine color developing agent and a silver halide emulsion which contains at least 80% by mol of silver chloride and substantially no silver iodide, wherein the silver halide color photographic material has at least one layer coated on the support, which contains at least one compound represented by the following formulae (I), (II), or (III): ##STR49## wherein R represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aryl group; and X represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an ammonium group, or a precursor; ##STR50## wherein L represents a divalent connecting group; R' represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aryl group; X has the same meaning as defined in formula (I); and n represents 0 or 1; and ##STR51## wherein R', X, L, and n each has the same meaning as defined in formula (II); R.sup.3 has the same meaning as defined for R'; and R' and R.sup.3 may be the same or different; and an amount of silver halide coated on the support, which is calculated in terms of silver, is not more than 0.78 g/m.sup.2.

13. A silver halide color photographic material as claimed in claim 12, wherein a substituent for the substituted alkyl group or the substituted alkenyl group represented by R, R', or R.sup.3 is one or more members selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an acylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, a ureido group, an amino group, a heterocyclic group, an acyl group, a sulfamoyl group, a sulfonamido group, a thioureido group, a carbamoyl group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, a heterocyclic thio group, and a carboxylic acid group or a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof.

14. A silver halide color photographic material as claimed in claim 12, wherein a substituent for the substituted aryl group represented by R, R', or R.sup.3 is one or more members selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an acylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, a ureido group, an amino group, a heterocyclic group, an acyl group, a sulfamoyl group, a sulfonamido group, a thioureido group, a carbamoyl group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, a heterocyclic thio group, and a carboxylic acid group or a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof.

15. A silver halide color photographic material as claimed in claim 12, wherein the divalent connecting group represented by L is ##STR52## or a combination thereof, wherein R.sup.0, R.sup.1, and R.sup.2 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aralkyl group.

16. A silver halide color photographic material as claimed in claim 12, wherein an amount of the compound to be incorporated into the silver halide color photographic material is from 1.times.10.sup.-5 mol to 5.times.10.sup.-2 mol per mol of the silver halide present therein.

17. A silver halide color photographic material as claimed in claim 12, wherein a content of silver iodide is not more than 1% by mol.

18. A silver halide color photograpic material as claimed in claim 12, wherein the compound is selected from those represented by formula (I) or (II).

19. A silver halide color photographic material as claimed in claim 12, wherein the silver halide emulsion contains at least 90% by mol of silver chloride.

20. A silver halide color photographic material as claimed in claim 12, wherein the silver halide emulsion is a monodispersed silver halide emulsion having a ratio of a standard deviation to an average grain size of not more than 0.2.

21. A silver halide color photographic material as claimed in claim 12, wherein the silver halide color photographic material comprises at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one yellow color forming coupler, at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one magenta color forming coupler, and at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one cyan color forming coupler.

22. A method of forming a color image as claimed in claim 1, wherein said precursor is a group capable of becoming a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal atom under alkaline conditions.

23. A method of forming a color image as claimed in claim 22, wherein said precursor is selected from the group consisting of an acetyl group, a cyanoethyl group and a methane sulfonyl ethyl group.

24. A silver halide color photographic material as claimed in claim 12, wherein said precursor is a group capable of becoming a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal atom under alkaline conditions.

25. A silver halide color photographic material as claimed in claim 24, wherein said precursor is selected from the group consisting of an acetyl group, a cyanoethyl group and a methane sulfonyl ethyl group.
 Description Submit all comments and votes
 


FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method of forming a color image and a silver halide color photographic material, and more particularly, to a silver halide color photographic material and a method of forming a color image, which have high sensitivity and enable rapid processing to be conducted with control of fog formation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Many kinds of silver halide color photographic materials and methods of forming color images are commercially available at the present time. Various improvements and inventions thereon have been made depending on the end use. It is generally required that silver halide emulsions employed in these photographic light-sensitive materials have high sensitivity. Therefore, silver iodobromide, silver chloroiodobromide, and silver chlorobromide each being mainly composed of silver bromide, are used as the silver halide in the emulsions at present. Further, various kinds of development accelerators have been investigated in order to increase the color forming property and to shorten the processing time in color development during processing of color photographic light-sensitive materials. Particularly, benzyl alcohol is widely employed at present.

Recently, however, reduction of development processing time, simplification of the processing system and operation, and achievement of low environmental pollution have been highly required in addition to high sensitivity.

This is because reduction of the period to finish, simplification of laboratory work, improvement in productivity and miniaturization, and simple operation of the processing system for small scale laboratories which are designated so-called mini-labos, etc., are desired. With respect to these requirements of rapid processing, simplification of the processing system, and achievement of low environmental pollution, benzyl alcohol which is used in the color developing solution causes severe problems.

Since benzyl alcohol has a low water solubility, it is necessary to use a solvent such as diethylene glycol, etc., in order to assist in dissolution of the benzyl alcohol. These compounds including benzyl alcohol exhibit large values of BOD (biological oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) which indicate a large load for prevention from environmental pollution. Therefore, it is desirable to eliminate these compounds in view of the preservation of good surroundings. Also, it takes much time to dissolve benzyl alcohol in a developing solution even when the above-described solvent is employed and, thus, it is desired to eliminate benzyl alcohol for the purpose of simplification of work for the preparation of the developing solution. However, to simply eliminate benzyl alcohol results in a severe lag of color development which is contrary to the needs of rapid processing in the market. Thus, it has been desired to develop a means which is a substitute for the use of benzyl alcohol.

Silver halides mainly composed of silver bromide which have been mostly employed hitherto are theoretically disadvantageous for the purpose of rapid processing since bromine ions which are released from the silver halides when they are developed have a development inhibiting function. From the standpoint of rapid processing, it is preferred to employ silver halides mainly composed of silver chloride. However, it is known that silver halide emulsions mainly composed of silver chloride have some disadvantages in that they are apt to fog while they have a high development speed; they are poor in preservation stability; and that they have low sensitivity.

Because of their disadvantages described above, it is difficult for silver halides mainly composed of silver chloride to materialize their excellent developability in methods of forming images having relatively high sensitivity.

Accordingly, many attempts have been made in order to overcome these disadvantages. For instance, in order to increase sensitivity, silver chlorobromide emulsions having a high silver chloride content which contain silver chlorobromide grains having a stratiform structure are known. These silver chlorobromide emulsions are described in detail, for example, in Japanese Patent Application (OPI) Nos. 95736/83, 108533/83, 222844/85, and 222845/85 (the term "OPI" as used herein refers to a "published unexamined Japanese patent application"). Further, a method for increasing sensitivity by means of doping metal ions in inner portions of grains is described in Japanese Patent Application (OPI) No. 135832/80. Fog also occurs during sensitization of grains formed. Methods for restraining such a fog are described in Japanese Patent Application (OPI) Nos. 125612/83 and 47940/86.

Although various attempts for increasing sensitivity and restraining the formation of fog with respect to silver halides mainly composed of silver chloride have been made while maintaining their excellent developability, they are still insufficient and, thus, a further improvement has been desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a silver halide color photographic material which is applicable to rapid processing providing high sensitivity and controlled fog formation, and a method of forming a color image which has a small load for prevention of environmental pollution and simple work for preparation of a processing solution using the silver halide color photographic material.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of forming a color image which has a small load for prevention of environmental pollution and simple work for preparation of a processing solution using a silver halide color photographic material which is applicable to rapid processing providing high sensitivity and low fog, whereby simplification of a laboratory work, improvement in productivity and miniaturization, simple operation, and low environmental pollution of the processing system are achieved.

Other objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and examples.

These objects of the present invention can be attained by a method of forming a color image which comprises processing a silver halide color photographic material comprising a reflective support having thereon at least one light-sensitive layer containing at least one coupler which forms a dye upon a coupling reaction with an oxidation product of an aromatic primary amine color developing agent and a silver halide emulsion which contains at least 80% by mol of silver chloride and substantially no silver iodide with a color developing solution which contains not more than 0.002 mol of a bromine ion per liter and substantially no benzyl alcohol for a development time of not more than 2 minutes and 30 seconds in the presence of at least one compound represented by the following formulae (I), (II), or (III). ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aryl group; and X represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an ammonium group, or a precursor; ##STR2## wherein L represents a divalent connecting group; R' represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aryl group; X has the same meaning as defined in formula (I); and n represents 0 or 1; and ##STR3## wherein R', X, L, and n each has the same meaning as defined in formula (II); R.sup.3 has the same meaning as defined for R'; and R' and R.sup.3 may be same or different; or a silver halide color photographic material which comprises a reflective support having thereon at least one light-sensitive layer containing at least one coupler which forms a dye upon a coupling reaction with an oxidation product of an aromatic primary amine color developing agent and a silver halide emulsion which contains at least 80% by mol of silver chloride and substantially no silver iodide, wherein the silver halide color photographic material has at least one layer coated on the support, which contains at least one compound represented by the following formulae (I), (II), or (III): ##STR4## wherein R represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aryl group; and X represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an ammonium group, or a precursor; ##STR5## wherein L represents a divalent connecting group; R' represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aryl group; X has the same meaning as defined in formula (I); and n represents 0 or 1; and ##STR6## wherein R', X, L, and n each has the same meaning as defined in formula (II); R.sup.3 has the same meaning as defined for R'; and R' and R.sup.3 may be the same or different, with the amount of the silver halide coated on the support, which is calculated in terms of silver, being not more than 0.78 g/m.sup.2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The compounds represented by formulae (I), (II), or (III) will now be described in detail.

The alkali metal atom represented by X includes, for example, a sodium atom and a potassium atom. The ammonium group represented by X includes, for example, a tetramethylammonium group and a trimethylbenzylammonium group. The term "precursor" means a group capable of becoming a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal atom under an alkaline condition and includes, for example, an acetyl group, a cyanoethyl group, and a methanesulfonylethyl group.

The alkyl group and the alkenyl group represented by R, R', or R.sup.3 include an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group and an unsubstituted or substituted alkenyl group and further may be of an alicyclic form.

Examples of substituents for the substituted alkyl group or the substituted alkenyl group include a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an acylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, a ureido group, an amino group, a heterocyclic group, an acyl group, a sulfamoyl group, a sulfonamido group, a thioureido group, a carbamoyl group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, a heterocyclic thio group, and a carboxyl group or a sulfonic group or a salt thereof.

The above-described ureido group, thioureido group, sulfamoyl group, carbamoyl group, and amino group each includes an unsubstituted group, an N-alkyl-substituted group, and an N-aryl-substituted group thereof.

The aryl group represented by R, R', or R.sup.3 include, for example, a phenyl group, a substituted phenyl group, etc. Examples of substituents for the substituted aryl group include an alkyl group and the substituents as defined above for the substituted alkyl group.

Suitable examples of the divalent connecting group represented by L include ##STR7## or a combination thereof, wherein R.sup.0, R.sup.1, and R.sup.2 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aralkyl group.

Specific examples of the compounds represented by formulae (I), (II), or (III) are set forth below, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. ##STR8##

The compound represented by formulae (I), (II), or (III) used in the present invention can be added to any layer of a silver halide color photographic material or to the color developing solution. Suitable layers of the silver halide color photographic material include a light-sensitive hydrophilic colloid layer and a light-insensitive hydrophilic colloid layer.

The amount of the compound represented by formulae (I), (II), or (III) to be incorporated into a silver halide color photographic material is preferably from 10.times.10.sup.-5 mol to 5.times.10.sup.-2 mol and more preferably from 1.times.10.sup.-4 mol to 1.times.10.sup.-2 mol per mol of the silver halide. On the other hand, in the case of adding the compound to a color developing solution, the amount added is preferably from 1.times.10.sup.-6 mol to 1.times.10.sup.-3 mol and more preferably from 5.times.10.sup.-6 mol to 5.times.10.sup.-4 mol per liter of the solution.

When the amount of the compound added is smaller than the above-described value, the antifogging effect on the silver halide emulsion may be insufficient and cause color turbidity. On the contrary, use of a larger amount of the compound than the above-described value may cause a decrease in sensitivity or a decrease in density due to restraint of development which results in deterioration of color reproducibility.

The term "color developing solution containing substantially no benzyl alcohol" as used in the present invention means a color developing solution containing benzyl alcohol in a concentration of not more than 0.5 ml per liter of the solution. It is preferred that the color developing solution does not contain benzyl alcohol at all.

The amount of bromine ions contained in the color developing solution used in the present invention is not more than 0.002 mol and preferably not more than 0.0007 mol per liter of the solution. Most preferably, the color developing solution does not contain bromine ions at all. Although the amount of bromine ions relates to the content of silver bromide in the silver halide emulsion, when a higher amount thereof than the above-described value is employed, there is a tendency to restrain development, whereby sufficiently high density cannot be obtained.

The silver halide emulsion which can be used in the present invention comprises a silver halide containing at least 80% by mol of silver chloride and substantially no silver iodide. The content of silver chloride in the silver halide emulsion is preferably at least 90% by mol and more preferably at least 95% by mol. A pure silver chloride emulsion can be employed. When the content of silver chloride in the emulsion is lower than the above-described value, the development proceeds slowly, whereby it is difficult to obtain sufficiently high density.

The term "silver halide emulsion containing substantially no silver iodide" as used in the present invention means a silver halide emulsion having a content of silver iodide of not more than 1% by mol and more preferably not more than 0.5% by mol. Most preferably, the silver halide emulsion does not contain silver iodide at all. To add silver iodide is not desired because of retardation in development speed and increase in fog in some cases.

The amount of the silver halide coated on a reflective support which is calculated in terms of silver is preferably not more than 0.78 g/m.sup.2. When the amount of the silver halide coated is too great, the development again proceeds slowly, whereby it is difficult to obtain a sufficiently high density.

The average grain size of silver halide grains in the silver halide emulsion used in the present invention (the grain size being defined as grain diameter if the grain has a spherical or approximately spherical shape, or as the edge length in the case of cubic grains, and being averaged based on the projected areas of the grains) is preferably from 0.1 .mu.m to 2 .mu.m and more preferably from 0.2 .mu.m to 1.3 .mu.m. Further, it is preferred to employ a monodispersed silver halide emulsion. The grain size distribution which represents a degree of the monodispersibility is preferably not more than 0.2 and more preferably not more than 0.15 in terms of a ratio (s/d) of a statistical standard deviation (s) to an average grain size (d).

Silver halide grains which can be used in the present invention may have different layers in the inner portion and on the surface portion, multiphase structures containing junctions or may be uniform throughout the grains. Further, a mixture of these silver halide grains having different structures may be employed.

Silver halide grains which can be used in the present invention may have a regular crystal structure, for example, a cubic, octahedral, dodecahedral, or tetradecahedral structure; an irregular crystal structure, for example, a spherical structure; or a composite structure thereof. Further, tabular silver halide grains can be used. Particularly, a silver halide emulsion can be employed wherein tabular silver halide grains having a ratio of diameter/thickness of at least 5 and preferably at least 8 account for at least 50% of the total projected area of the silver halide grains present. In addition, mixtures of silver halide grains having different crystal structures may be used. These silver halide emulsions may be those of the surface latent image type in which latent images are formed mainly on the surface thereof and those of the internal latent image type in which latent images are formed mainly in the interior thereof.

Photographic emulsions as used in the present invention can be prepared in any suitable manner, for example, by the methods as described in P. Glafkides, Chimie et Physique Photographique, Paul Montel (1967), G. F. Duffin, Photographic Emulsion Chemistry, The Focal Press (1966), and V. L. Zelikman et al., Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion, The Focal Press (1964). That is, any of an acid process, a neutral process, and an ammonia process can be employed.

Soluble silver salts and soluble halogen salts can be reacted by techniques such as a single jet process, a double jet process, and a combination thereof. In addition, there can be employed a method (a so-called reversal mixing process) in which silver halide grains are formed in the presence of an excess of silver ions. As one system of the double jet process, a so-called controlled double jet process in which the pAg in a liquid phase where a silver halide is formed is maintained at a predetermined level can be employed. This process gives a silver halide emulsion in which the crystal form is regular and the particle size is nearly uniform.

Further, a silver halide emulsion may be employed which is prepared by a so-called conversion method involving a process in which a silver halide previously formed is converted to a silver halide having a lower solubility before the completion of formation of silver halide grains or in which a silver halide emulsion is subjected to similar halogen conversion after the completion of formation of silver halide grains.

During the step of formation or physical ripening of silver halide grains, cadmium salts, zinc salts, lead salts, thallium salts, iridium salts or complex salts thereof, rhodium salts or complex salts thereof, and iron salts or complex salts thereof may be allowed to coexist.

After the formation of silver halide grains, the silver halide emulsions are usually subjected to physical ripening, removal of soluble salts, and chemical ripening and then employed for coating.

Known silver halide solvents (for example, ammonia, potassium thiocyanate, and thioethers or thione compounds as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,271,157 and Japanese Patent Application (OPI) Nos. 12360/76, 82408/78, 144319/78, 100717/79, and 155828/79) can be employed during the step of formation, physical ripening, or chemical ripening of the silver halide.

For removal of soluble silver salts from the emulsion after physical ripening, a noodle washing process, a flocculation process, or an ultrafiltration process can be employed.

To the silver halide emulsion which can be used in the present invention, a sulfur sensitization method using active gelatin or compounds containing sulfur capable of reacting with silver (for example, thiosulfates, thioureas, mercapto compounds, and rhodanines), a reduction sensitization method using reducing substances (for example, stannous salts, amines, hydrazine derivatives, formamidinesulfinic acid, and silane compounds), a noble metal sensitization method using metal compounds (for example, complex salts of Group VIII metals in the Periodic Table, such as Pt, Ir, Pd, Rh, or Fe as well as gold complex salts); and so forth can be applied alone or in combination with each other.

Of the above-described chemical sensitizations, a sulfur sensitization alone is preferred.

Further, in order to achieve the desired gradation of the color photographic light-sensitive material, two or more monodispersed silver halide emulsions which have substantially the same spectral sensitivity but have different grain sizes from each other can be mixed in one emulsion layer or can be coated in the form of superimposed layers (regarding monodispersibility, the coefficient of variation described above is preferred). Moreover, two or more polydispersed silver halide emulsions or combinations of a monodispersed emulsion and a polydispersed emulsion may be employed in a mixture or in the form of superimposed layers.

Each of blue-sensitive, green-sensitive, and red-sensitive emulsions used in the present invention can be spe