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Description  |
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TECHNICAL FIELD
The present compositions are solvent-based products that utilize a balanced
admixture of co-solvents together with the other constituents present to
provide a substantially odorless composition having a relatively high
flash point. The present compositions are particularly well suited for
cleaning and polishing of hard surfaces such as floors by virtue of their
ease of application, ease of rub-out or buffing, depth of gloss, water
resistance, drying time, and like attrbutes.
BACKGROUND
Several hard surface cleaning compositions are known which employ various
constituents and have various utility. Many of the presently available
compositions are unsatisfactory and difficult to use for a number of
reasons. Some of the compositions are effective on limited numbers of
surfaces, others involve the handling of hazardous or toxic solvents or
other components, and still others have relatively low flash points. The
requirement for the use of special storing and application techniques, or
the requirement that surfaces be prepared in a special manner prior to
treatment represent important considerations in the use of many of the
known compositions.
It is well known to include silicones or siloxanes in various cleaning
compositions either together with abrasives or with acid components. In
U.S. Pat. No. 3,681,122 to Domicone et al. and in Canadian Patent No.
843,388 to Hyde abrasive silicone-containing cleaning and conditioning
compositions are disclosed. While these compositions are effective for
cleaning and conditioning glass-ceramic surfaces, they have certain
unsatisfactory properties as well. When the compositions contain a soluble
alkaline metal silicate they are useful for cleaning glass-ceramic
surfaces which have been stained, but the surface maintains and develops a
stubborn stain over a period of time. If an analogous composition is
utilized which is free of the soluble, alkaline metal silicate, it is
effective for protecting the glass-ceramic surface without causing further
stain but it also lacks the cleaning power to remove the old stain.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,095,381 to Tinnon et al. a hard surface cleaning
composition is disclosed which contains an alkyl-substituted tertiary
acetylenic hexynol which additionally contains an organic solvent,
isopropyl and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, as well as non-volatile
surfactants. U.S. Pat. No. 4,689,168 to Requejo discloses a hard surface
cleaning composition containing an organic polar solvent, a volatile
organosiloxane and a surfactant which is an acetylenic alcohol or diol.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,579,540 to Ohlhausen discloses a water repellant
composition for use on non-porous substrate surfaces. The disclosed
composition contains a mineral acid and an alkylpolysiloxane, which
produces a strongly adherent and durable water repellant film upon the
substrate following application.
In U.S. Patent No. 4,124,523 to Johnson an aqueous, acidic composition is
disclosed which contains polydimethylsiloxane, water, acid, an abrasive
and colloidal silica together with an non-ionic surfactant. This
composition is an aqueous solution which has abrasive cleaning and
consitioning properties but which is not quick-drying.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,212,759 to Young et al. discloses a water-based acidic
cleaning composition which contains acid, a detergent and a polysilicone.
This composition is disclosed to produce an acid-stable emulsion which may
be used as a cleaning composition. Various organic and inorganic acids are
utilized in the disclosed composition such as oxalic acid or sulfamic
acid.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,013,579 to Nakasone et al. an aqueous acidic cleaning
solution is disclosed which utilizes a furanor tetrahydrofuran carboxylic
acid compound. This patent states that oxalic acid, while an effective
spot remover, has a very high toxicity and a high skin penetrating
property and therefore the use of compositions containing oxalic acid is
said to be undesirable. Other cleaning compositions are disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 4,311,608 to Maurice and U.S. Pat. No. 4,181,622 to Gavin; these
patents disclose cleaning solutions which contain polysiloxanes and/or
acid components.
The cleaning solutions disclosed above are aqueous-based, and thus not
quick-drying, or contain an abrasive. These compositions do not provide
effective cleaning together with imparting water resistance and shine to
the applied hard surface. The present invention relates to a solvent-based
composition which successfully overcomes or at least minimizes these
difficulties, and which also has a relatively high flash point.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a liquid cleaning and polishing
composition for use on hard surfaces. The composition of the present
invention comprises a solvent mixture, containing a glycol ether as a
major component together with a combination of a lower aliphatic alcohol,
a hydrocarbon solvent and water as a minor component, an organic
polysiloxane soluble in the solvent mixture, a silane, and a
polycarboxylic chelating acid. The composition of the present invention
may also contain an aminofunctional organic polysiloxane, a terpene
hydrocarbon such as orange oil terpene, and/or a halogenated hydrocarbon
solvent.
Compositions of the present invention are particulalry well suited for
cleaning and polishing of hard surfaces.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
The major or principal constituent of the solvent system suitable for
preparing the compositions of this invention is a glycol ether.
Illustrative glycol ethers are the alkylene glycol ethers such as ethylene
glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol
mono-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol
monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, propylene glycol
monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, tripropylene glycol
monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoisobutyl ether, diethylene glycol
monoisobutyl ether, propylene glycol monoisobutyl ether, ethylene glycol
monophenyl ether, propylene glycol monophenyl ether, mixtures of the
foregoing, and the like. Preferred is a mixture of propylene glycol
monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether in a weight ratio
of about 100:1 to about 3:1, respectively; more particularly in a
respective weight ratio of about 10:1.
Halogenated hydrocarbon solvents that are suitable for compounding the
present mixed solvent system include 1,1,1-trichloroethane,
1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, o-dichlororbenzene,
alpha-chloronaphthalene, and the like. The halogenated hydrocarbon solvent
is an optional but preferred constituent of the present compositions and
can be present in an amount up to about 10 percent by weight of the
composition.
Suitable hydrocarbon solvents for the present purposes are those having a
kauri-butanol value of about 20 to about 50 and a boiling point of about
80.degree. C to about 200.degree. C., preferably about 95.degree. C. to
about 150.degree. C. The "kauri-butanol value" is a measure of the solvent
power of the hydrocarbon liquid. Kauri gum is readily soluble in butanol
but insoluble in hydrocarbons, thus this value is the measure of the
volume of solvent required to produce turbidity in a standard solution
containing kauri gum dissolved in butanol. Naphtha fractions ahve a kauri
butanol value of about 30 and toluene about 105.
Illustrative suitable hydrocarbon solvents are mineral spirits, high flash
naphtha, kerosene, Stoddard solvent, isoparaffinic hydrocarbon solvents,
and the like. Illustrative isoparaffinic solvents that are substantially
odor-free are those commercially available under the designation ISOPAR
from Exxon Chemical Company, Houston, Texas, and under the designation
SOLTROL from Phillips Petroleum Corporation, Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
Suitable lower aliphatic alcohols for the present system of cosolvents are
ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, hexanol,
cyclohexanol, mixtures thereof, and the like. Preferably, the aliphatic
alcohols have a boiling point of about 75.degree. C. to about 100.degree.
C. and contain two to four carbon atoms, inclusive. Accordingly, such
preferred aliphatic alcohols are ethanol, the propanols, and the butanols.
Particularly preferred is a mixture of isopropanol and ethanol in equal
parts by weight.
Water is present in the contemplated compositions as a relatively minor
constituent, usually in an amount of about 0.5 to about 4 percent by
weight of the composition, to assist in the cleaning action and to elevate
the flash point of the composition.
A preferred solvent mixture for the present purposes is constituted by a
glycol ether in an amount of more than 50 parts by weight to about 90
parts by weight, a lower aliphatic alcohol in an amount of about 0.2 to
about 10 parts by weight, a hydrocarbon solvent in an amount of about 5 to
about 25 parts by weight, and water in an amount of about 0.5 to about 4
parts by weight. A particularly preferred solvent mixture is constituted
by propylene glycol methyl ether in an amount of about 50 to about 60
parts by weight, ethylene glycol n-butyl ether in an amount of about 5 to
about 6 parts by weight, ethanol in an amount of about 0.4 to about 0.5
parts by weight, isopropanol in an amount of about 0.4 to about 0.5 parts
by weight, high flash naphtha in an amount of about 12 to about 16 parts
by weight, and water in an amount of about 2 to about 3 parts by weight.
The contemplated organic polysiloxanes are film formers having viscosity in
the range of about 5 to about 50,000 centistokes, preferably about 100 to
about 10,000 centistokes. More preferably, a mixture of polysiloxanes
having relatively higher and relatively lower viscosities is employed.
Such polysiloxanes have the repeating group
##STR1##
wherein n is an integer having a value greater than 1, R.sup.1 is an alkyl
radical containing 1 to 7 carbon atoms, inclusive, R.sup.2 is a member of
the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl radical containing 1 to 7
carbon atoms, inclusive, or a phenyl group.
Illustrative polysiloxanes encompassed by the above formula are
polydimethylsiloxane, polydiethyl siloxane, polymethylethyl siloxane,
polymethylphenyl siloxane, and copolymers of two or more of the foregoing
siloxanes. Polysiloxane-oxyalkylene block copolymers of the type described
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,306,869 to Lahr et al. may also be utilized.
In addition to the aforementioned organic polysiloxanes, preferably the
present compositions also include an aminofunctional polysiloxane as well
as a silane. The amino-functional polysiloxane is a silicone fluid with
highly polar pendant aminoalkyl modifying groups that enhance the
durability of the film formed by the polysiloxanes present and promotes
adhesion of the formed film to a wide variety of substrates.
Illustrative of the amino-functional polysiloxanes suitable for use in the
present composition are the aminofunctional polydimethyl siloxane polymers
commercially available under the designations Dow Corning 531 Fluid and
Dow Corning 536 Fluid from Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan, the
alkylene diaminofunctional dimethyl polysiloxane fluid commercially
available under the designation Silicone Fluid F-756 from Wacker Silicones
Corporation, Adrian, Michigan, the aminofunctional polysiloxane fluid
commercially available under the designation Rhodorsil Oil 10646 from
Rhone-Poulenc, Inc., Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, and the like.
Particularly preferred aminofunctional polysiloxanes are aminopropyl
dimethyl-terminated polydimethyl siloxane and aminobutyldimethyl
terminated polydimethyl siloxane.
As stated above, the present composition also contemplates an optional, but
preferred, liquid silane constituent, which promotes the mutual solubility
of the other organic silicone compounds present in the balanced solvent
mixture utilized by the present compositions. Suitable liquid silanes are
represented by the formula R.sup.3 -Si(OR.sup.4).sub.3 wherein R.sup.3 can
be an alkyl radical containing one to three carbon atoms, inclusive or
phenyl and R.sup.4 can be an alkyl radical containing one or two carbon
atoms, inclusive.
A preferred liquid silane constituent is an alkyl trialkoxysilane such as
methyltrimethoxysilane. Other suitable silanes are methyltriethoxysilane,
ethyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, and
the like.
The polycarboxylic chelating acids contemplated by the preent compositions
enhance the soil-removing ability thereof while cooperating with the
polysiloxane constituents present to provide a durable, water repellent
flim on the treated surfaces. For this purpose suitable acids are the
polycarboxylic chelating acids having a first pK value in the range of
about 1 to about 3.5. Illustrative of such acids are citric acid (pK.sup.I
3.09), oxalic acid (pK.sup.I 1.25), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
(pK.sup.I 2.00), and the like. Citric acid is particularly preferred for
the present purposes.
The amount of chelating acid present is in the range of about 0.5 to about
5 percent by weight of the composition and is at least equal to the
amount, by weight, of the polysiloxane constituents that are present.
Preferably, the amount of chelating acid and the total amount of the
polysiloxane constituents present are in a weight ratio of about 2:1,
respectively.
The present cleaning and polishing compositions also may include adjuvants
such as a terpene hydrocarbon, e.g., orange oil terpene
[1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene], dyes, fragrances, and the
like. The terpene hydrocarbon can be present in an amount in the range of
about 3 to about 20 percent by weight of the composition.
Having generally described this invention, a further understanding can be
obtained by reference to certain specific examples which are provided
herein for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be
limiting unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE 1
Cleaning and Polishing Compositions Containing a Chelating Acid and a
Halogenated Hydrocarbon Solvent
Compositions according to Tables 1 and 2 illustrate formulations utilizing
citric acid and oxalic acid, respectively, as the polycarboxylic chelating
acid. The halogenated hydrocarbon solvents are 1,1,1-trichloroethane and
trichlorotrifluoroethane, respectively.
Resin 47V350 is a polymethylsiloxane which has a viscosity of 1,000
centistokes (cSt) at 25.degree. C., is a 100% silicone fluid, and has a
flash point of 570.degree. F. (299.degree. C.).
Resin 4518 is a methylpolysiloxane solution in mineral spirits which has a
viscosity of 12 cST at 25.degree. C., a solids content of 70 percent by
weight, and a flash point of 122.degree. F. (50.degree. C.).
Resin 10646 is an aminofunctional polydimethylsiloxane, ahs a viscosity of
20 cSt at 25.degree. C. and a flash point of 120.degree. F. (54.degree.
C.).
Resins 47V350, 4518 and 10646 were obtained from Rhone-Poulenc, Inc.,
Monmouth Junction, N.J. under the trade name RHODORSIL.
TABLE 1
______________________________________
Approximate Approximate More
Preferred Range,
Preferred Range,
Component % by weight % by weight
______________________________________
Glycol Ether
Propylene Glycol
50-75 62
Monoethyl Ether
Ethylene Glycol
0.5-15 6
n-Butyl Ether
Lower Aliphatic Alcohol
Isopropanol 0.1-5 0.4
Ethanol 0.1-5 0.4
Hydrocarbon Solvent
1,1,1-trichloroethane
0-10 1
high flash naphtha
5-25 14
Polysiloxane
Resin 47-V-350 0.1-7 0.5
Resin 4518 0.1-7 0.5
Amino Functional
Polysiloxane
Resin 10646 0.05-5 0.2
Silane
Methyltrimethoxysilane
0.1-5 0.6
Chelating Acid
Citric Acid 0.5-5 2
Other Components
Water 0.5-4 2.5
Orange Oil Terpene
3-20 9
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TABLE 2
______________________________________
Approximate Approximate More
Preferred Range,
Preferred Range,
Component % by weight % by weight
______________________________________
Glycol Ether
Propylene Glycol
50-75 70
Monomethyl Ether
Ethylene Glycol
Mono-n-Butyl Ether
0.5-15 7
Lower Aliphatic Alcohol
Isopropanol 0.1-5 0.3
Ethanol 0.1-5 0.3
Hydrocarbon Solvent
Trichlorotrifluoroethane
0-10 1
Mineral Spirits
5-25 12
Polysiloxane
Resin 47-V-350 0.1-7 0.4
Resin 4518 0.1-7 0.4
Amino Functional
Polysiloxane
Aminobutyldimethyl-
0.05-5 0.2
terminated
Polydimethylsiloxane
Silane
Methyltrimethoxysilane
0.1-5 0.5
Chelating Acid
Oxalic Acid 0.5-5 1
Other Components
Water 0.5-4 2
Orange Oil Terpene
3-20 5
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EXAMPLE 2
Compositions Containing Citric acid which Do Not Contain a Halogenated
Hydrocarbon Solvent
The compositions illustrated in Tables 3 and 4 utilize naphtha and mineral
spirits, respectively, as the hydrcarbon solvent which is present at a
concentration of about 15% by weight of the composition. The polysiloxane
resins utilized are the same as those described in Example 1, above.
TABLE 3
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Approximate Approximate More
Preferred Range,
Preferred Range,
Component % by weight % by weight
______________________________________
Glycol Ether
Propylene Glycol
50-75 62
Monomethyl Ether
Ethylene Glycol
Mono-n-Butyl Ether
0.5-15 6
Lower Aliphatic Alcohol
Isopropanol 0.1-5 0.5
Ethanol 0.1-5 0.5
Hydrocarbon Solvent
High Flash Naphtha
5-25 15
(140 Solvent)
Polysiloxane
Resin 47-V-350 0.1-7 0.5
Resin 4518 0.1-7 0.5
Amino Functional
Polysiloxane
Resin 10646 0.05-5 0.2
Silane
Methyltrimethoxysilane
0.1-5 0.5
Chelating Acid
Citric Acid 0.5-5 2
Other Components
Water 0.5-4 3
Orange Oil Terpene
3-20 9
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TABLE 4
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Approximate Approximate More
Preferred Range
Preferred Range,
Component % by weight % by weight
______________________________________
Glycol Ether
Propylene Glycol
50-75 62
Monomethyl Ether
Ethylene Glycol
Mono-n-Butyl Ether
0.5-15 6
Lower Aliphatic Alcohol
Isopropanol 0.1-5 0.4
Ethanol 0.1-5 0.4
Hydrocarbon Solvent
Mineral Spirits
5-25 15
Polysiloxane
Dimethyl polysiloxane
0.1-7 0.5
Methyl polysiloxane
0.1-7 0.5
Amino Functional
Polysiloxane
Aminopropyldimethyl-
0.05-5 0.2
terminated
Polydimethylsiloxane
Silane
Methyltrimethoxysilane
0.1-5 0.5
Chelating Acid
Citric Acid 0.5-5 2
Other Components
Water 0.5-4 3
Orange Oil Terpene
3-20 10
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 3
Compositions for Cleaning, Polishing and Preserving the Shine on a Hard
Surface
Table 5 tabulates the components for a composition of the present invention
which is especially preferred and useful to clean, impart water repellency
and polish hard surface substrates such as floors.
TABLE 5
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Component Amount (% by weight)
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Glycol Ether
Propylene Glycol 63
Monomethyl Ether
Ethylene Glycol
Mono-n-Butyl Ether 5.8
Lower Aliphatic Alcohol
Isopropanol 0.4
Ethanol 0.4
Hydrocarbon Solvent
1,1,1-trichloroethane
1.1
High Flash Naphtha 14.6
(140 Solvent)
Polysiloxane
Resin 47-V-350 0.4
Resin 4518 0.5
Amino Functional Polysiloxane
Resin 10646 0.1
Silane
Methyltrimethoxysilane
0.6
Chelating Acid
Citric Acid 1.9
Other Components
Water 2.8
Orange Oil Terpene 9.3
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 4
Slip Resistance
The composition of the present invention illustrated in Table 6 was applied
to panels and evaluated for slip resistance according to the established
American Society for Testing and Materials Procedure ASTM D-2047. In this
assay the James Machine is used to evaluate the coefficient of friction.
The results obtained are shown in Table 7. Components are as described in
Example 1. Z-6070 is a methyltrimethoxysilane fluid manufactured by
Dow-Corning, Midland, Mich. which has a flash point of 50.degree. F.
(10.degree. C). and a specific gravity of 0.950 at 77.degree. F.
(25.degree. C.).
TABLE 6
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Amount
Component % by weight
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Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether
63.7
Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether
6
Isopropanol, 99% 0.4
Ethanol 0.4
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1.2
High Flash Naphtha (140 Solvent)
14.6
Resin 47-V-350 0.4
Resin 4518 0.5
Resin 10646 0.2
Methyltrimethoxysilane (Z6070)
0.6
Citric Acid 0.8
Water 2.8
Orange Oil Terpene 9.3
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Specific gravity = 0.901 at 75.degree. F.
Tag Open Cup flash point: 105.degree. + 1.degree. F.
TABLE 7
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Test Runs: Coefficient of Friction
______________________________________
.53 .53 .54 .53
.54 .52 .53 .53
.53 .54 .53 .53
Average: .53
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Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible
in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that
within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may also be
practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
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