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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a computer based project
management system and, more particularly, to a system, based on a top down
functional approach to hardware product design, which provides an
interface for importing an indented bill of materials into a CAD/CAM
environment as an aid to the product designer in the detailed design phase
of the product.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The process of designing, developing and manufacturing a new product, or
making major changes to existing products, presents many challanges to
product managers and engineers to bring the product to market for the
least cost, within schedule while maintaining product quality. In today's
highly competitive industries, product managers and engineers require
information to address many problems that arise because of the complexity
of new products and the complexity of world-wide production and the
changing nature of competition. Because new products need to be brought to
market in a very short time period to meet the competition, the
traditional learning curve formerly associated with product development
has disappeared, creating the need to better control product release and
determine cost impacts of design early in the design process.
To meet these needs, many companies are realizing that the conventional
product design process is not satisfactory. They require early involvement
of manufacturing engineering, cost engineering, logistics planning,
procurement, manufacturing and service/support with the design effort. In
addition, they require planning and control of product data through
design, release and manufacturing.
Project Management, as a modern management tool, has its origins in the
early part of this century when Henry L. Gantt, while working for the
government during World War I, developed his now famous visual aid for
work control. The Gantt chart is a graphic representation of a project
schedule that shows each task as a bar having a length proportional to the
duration of the task. Later during the 1950s, Dr. John Presper Mauchley, a
co-inventor of the EDVAC at the University of Pennsylvania, developed the
Critical Path Method (CPM) which was further developed by Willard Frazer,
a consultant on the Polaris submarine project. Frazer's contribution was
called Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). A PERT chart is one
that resembles a flow chart showing predecessor and successor tasks of a
project and the critical path.
PERT/CPM models are known and have been used for many years by many large
corporations for project management. Such project management tools were
first implemented on main frame computers and then on mini computers,
equipment which was readily available to large corporations but not to
small corporations and firms. More recently, various project management
software products have been developed for micro or so-called personal
computers. An example of a project management tool which was originally
written as a mainframe program and later rewritten as a personal computer
program is Plantrac, published by Computerline, Inc. This program was
originally written in England for the construction industry and later
imported to the U.S.A. The first project management tool written
specifically for the personal computer was called the Harvard Project
Manager, now published by Software Publishing Corp. There are now over one
hundred project manager applications written for personal computers. These
have made computer based project management tools more economically
accessible to small corporations and firms, but their application requires
some degree of sophistication on the part of the user. As a result, many
small corporations and firms still use manual methods of project
management, often relying on an expediter to stay one step ahead in
scheduling supplies and work on a day to day basis.
Rupert A. Schmidtberg and Mark A. Yerry in an article entitled "Designing
Complex Assemblies Using the Top-Down Approach" published in Autofact 1986
Proceedings, at pages 9-31 to 9-43, describe a design approach where the
engineer first creates the top-most assembly and works downward, filling
in details of the subordinate subassemblies and parts. In this approach, a
hierarchical representation of the design object is built and refined. As
a design concept is refined, design constraints are communicated down the
hierarchy. Evaluation of the design concept at each level of refinement
may cause feedback to be passed up the hierarchy in the form of
recommendations for design changes or requests to relax some design
constraints.
This top-down design approach has significant advantages over the
traditional approach to design of a new product. The Schmidtberg and Yerry
implementation, however, is in the environment of a CAD/CAM system which
assumes a different focus and a high degree of sophistication in using
computers for design on the part of the user. What is needed is a simpler
to use system which takes advantage of the top-down design approach. Such
a system should also be capable of importing the functional and detailed
design specifications and manufacturing/process details as available into
the CAD/CAM environment as an aid to the product designer in the detailed
design of the product.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an easy to use
system which implements a top-down functional approach to hardware product
design and provides an interface between the functional specification of
the product and a CAD/CAM environment.
It is another, more specific object of the invention to provide a system
which integrates a top-down design approach and prompts the new product
designer by a graphic display of the product components, automatically
creates an indented bill of materials, and provides an interface for the
bill of materials and a CAD/CAM environment.
According to the invention, a sketch sheet approach on a computer display
is used to enter the functional design of a product. The user needs to key
in only part descriptions, and the system automatically draws a
hierarchical tree structure on the computer display. The user is then
prompted to consider, part by part, all of the parts in the product. A
series of menus or "action bars" pop-up and guide the user through
manufacturing planning for that part.
The process begins by producing a functional sketch of the product design.
This sketch is in the form of a hierarchical tree structure, thereby
encouraging the top-down design approach. The system queries or prompts
the user for component parts of the product, and as the query process
progresses, the tree structure is created on the computer screen for the
user to view.
Behind each element, or item, in the functional hierarchy of the product,
associated manufacturing information is gathered. This manufacturing
detail is used for product release planning and scheduling, and
manufacturing planning, as well as for feasibility level cost estimating.
The user has the option at any time during the design process to deal with
the proposed product or product components at a high level or at a very
detailed level. At any level, manufacturing details which are not known by
the user can be defaulted from a database using the known item attributes.
As the functional design progresses, the component specifications are
captured in a table in the database. At any point in the design process,
the system can automatically generate an indented bill of materials based
on the data currently stored in the table. Each component is assigned an
identification number, and this number is used to access the data in the
table.
The product designer is aided in implementing early manufacturing
involvement, or the integration of the design process with manufacturing
and other production-related concerns. The designer is prompted to enter
engineering planning and manufacturing data for each item in the product
structure, thus introducing a third dimension to the hierarchical tree
structure. This third dimension serves several purposes. The engineering
and manufacturing data can be manipulated to produce needed estimates and
schedules for the designer. The manufacturing data of interest falls under
four categories: (1) information which assists in planning the manufacture
of the product, (2) information which assists in producing a cost estimate
of the product, (3) information which assists in generating a product
release schedule, and (4) information which will assist a CAD/CAM designer
in locating similar items. In the fourth instance, the designer then has
the option to use the similar design, avoiding another design effort, or
to use the existing design as a template to modify or for other guidance
in preparing the new design.
The indented bill of materials, when used in the CAD/CAM environment, is
used to guide the designer in detailed design. The designer is able to
copy and place items from the bill of materials in the drawing itself
rather than keying the item names and numbers manually. In addition, the
designer can access standard drawings in a database by using the item
numbers identified in the bill of materials.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood from the following detailed
description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to
the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram showing the functional requirements for
implementing the automated bill of materials which is used by the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a pictorial representation of a hierarchical tree structure
showing the functional representation of the components of a new product;
FIG. 3 is a table illustrating the logical organization of the database for
the hierarchical tree structure shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4. is a generalized illustration of an indented bill of material
produced by the system from the relational database table shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a screen illustrating the computer display of a hierarchical tree
structure generated by the system for a planned product under design;
FIG. 6 is a screen illustrating the computer display of early manufacturing
involvement data for one component of the structure shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a screen illustrating the computer display of early manufacturing
involvement data for one component with default data as entered by the
system;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing the logic of the conceptual design tool;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing the logic of the query session during which
the hierarchical tree of FIG. 2 and the table of FIG. 3 is built;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing the logic of the generation of the indented
bill of materials shown in FIG. 4 using the table in the database;
FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C, taken together, are a flow chart showing the logic
of the bill of materials interface to a CAD/CAM environment; and
FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing in more detail the draw function of the
interface shown in FIG. 11C.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1, there is
shown in functional block diagram form the conceptual design tool
according to the invention. The key parts of this system are the database
10 and the query system 12. The database 10 could be any of several
products currently available, but for purposes of the preferred
embodiment, IBM's DATABASE 2 (DB2) is used. DB2 is a relational database
management system, but it will be understod by those skilled in the art
that other databases, including hierarchical databases, could be used. The
query system 12 could be an expert system, but for purposes of the
preferred embodiment, IBM's Restructured Extended Executor (REXX) language
is used. General information on IBM's DB2 can be had with reference to
publication GC26-4073-2 published by IBM Corp. A description of the REXX
language is provided in Virtual Machine/Systems Product, System Product
Interpreter User's Guide, Release 4, publication SC24-5238-2.
The user 14 is first queried on the functional product structure by the
query system 12, and in response to the user input, the database 10
captures the structure in a table. The query session begins by prompting
the user to input the name of the product. The product might be a new
lawnmower, for example, and the user would simply type in "LAWNMOWER".
Then the query system asks the user to list the major components of the
product. In the case of the lawnmower, this might be a handle, a grass
catcher, a motor cover, a blade, wheels, documentation, electronics, and a
battery. These would be individually entered by the user, in no particular
order, in response to a prompt to enter the next component or indicate
that there are no more major components by entering "END" or pressing a
designated key. Once the major components have been entered by the user,
the user enters "END" causing the query system to examine the
subcomponents of the major components that have been entered. For example,
the query system 12 would prompt the user 14 to enter the components of
the handle. These components might be an upper handle assembly with
controls and a lower handle assembly which attaches to the lawnmower
frame. Again, when all the subcomponents for the handle have been entered,
the user enters "END", causing the query system to next prompt the user to
enter the components of the grass catcher, and so on. The process
continues until the user has entered all the components of the new product
to a level of detail desired, at least for the time being. It should be
understood, however, that the user can return to the design session at any
time and add more detail and/or change earlier input component data.
As the query session progresses, the components entered by the user 14 are
captured in a table of the relational database 10 and a functional
hierarchical tree of the structure 16 is generated on the computer screen.
A generalized example of this hierarchical tree structure is shown in FIG.
2 of the drawings. If a subassembly appears more than one time in a
product, the subassembly also appears multiple times in the tree. In this
example, the tree structure has three levels. It may have as few as two
levels and, within practical limits, an indefinite number of levels
depending on the product and the level of detail required to define that
product. In a specific embodiment of the invention, up to thirty leveles
of the tree structure are allowed. Experience indicates that this is
sufficient for all but the most complex of products.
The database 10 captures the component information from the user input in a
table having the form shown in FIG. 3. Comparing this table to the
hierarchical tree of FIG. 2, it will be observed that under the heading
"ITEM" the numeral 1 is listed four times with the numerals 2, 3, 4, and 5
immediately to the right. This is followed by the numeral 2 listed twice
with the numerals 6 and 7 immediately to the right. Thus, the table shown
in FIG. 3 directly describes the hierarchical tree structure from which
the graphical representation illustrated in FIG. 2 is generated for
display on the computer screen. The user views this tree structure and can
check it for correctness as it is generated and after the product is
established by the end of the query session.
Referring back to FIG. 1, once the product structure is established, the
next operation is to build an indented bill of material 18. For the
product generally represented by the hierarchical tree structure shown in
FIG. 2 and the relational database table shown in FIG. 3, the indented
bill of material would have the general form shown in FIG. 4. Those
skilled in the art will recognize that FIG. 3 shows the logical storage of
the product data structure and FIGS. 2 and 4 show two, alternative
representations of the data. This bill of material is built by accessing
the database table for the product. The table is accessed by item number.
In the top level, item 1 is not indented. The second level items 2, 3, 4,
and 5 are indented one space. The third level items 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are
each indented two spaces, and so on. The application code follows the item
hierarchy as follows: Item 1 appears on the top line. Item 2 appears on
the second line. Then the database is searched for item 2 antecedents.
Items 6 and 7 would be found. Item 6 would then appear on the third line.
The database is then searched for item 6 antecedents. In this example,
none would be found, and item 7 would then appear on the fourth line.
Again, the database is searched for item 7 antecedents, but again none
would be found, and item 3 would appear on the fifth line. The remaining
items are similarly processed until a complete bill of material is
produced.
As a concrete example of the process described above, a specific
hierarchical tree structure is shown in FIG. 5 of the drawings to the
first level of detail of the design. FIG. 6 shows a screen from a computer
display which would appear when the user selects, for example, BATTERY as
the object and chooses the action "DETAIL". The design engineer keys in
known manufacturing data using this screen. In this example, the designer
intends to use an "off the shelf" battery to be purchased complete from
Sears. There is one battery in the product structure, and its function is
power unit. The user can then choose to have default values supplied from
the relational database based on known item attributes. The user selects
the action "DEFAULT", and the screen shown in FIG. 7 is displayed. The
method by which the relational database can access these defaults is by
accessing the table in which the user input data was captured during the
query session. More specifically, the items in the table are accessed by
item numbers and these numbers, in turn, are used as an index to access
the default values for items, these values having been previously stored
in the database. The screen shown in FIG. 7 displays the resultant default
values, marked by an asterisk. The system has generated an item number,
A000. From the position of the item within the tree, the system has
determined that it is a Main Assembly. The full name of the vendor, Sears
Roebuck, Inc., is inserted. The process by which the battery is
incorporated into the product is assembly. Tooling leadtime defaults to
zero since the item is purchased complete off the shelf. The cost per
battery, based on actuals, is $15.00. An item classification, or group
technology classification is system generated based on the function of
this item within the product and the fact that it is purchased complete.
This item classification code is used in many production planning
functions, including scheduling and procurement.
Referring now to FIG. 8, there is shown a flow chart of the logic of the
conceptual design tool according to the invention implemented in software.
One of ordinary skill in the art can write source code from this flow
chart in any suitable computer language, such as BASIC, Pascal or C, for
any desired computer system, such as the IBM Personal System (PS)
computers which support those computer languages.
The process begins by inputting the functional structure of the product as
indicated by function block 100. This is done during the query session as
is described in more detail with respect to FIG. 9. Once the functional
structure of the product has been input and the hierarchical tree
structure has been generated to the current level of detail desired, the
user is prompted to select an item in the structure in function block 102.
When the user selects an item, the system provides a pop-up panel for
manufacturing details in function block 104. This pop-up panel allows the
user to key in known manufacturing information in function block 106. When
this information has been input by the user, the system generates an item
number in function block 108. The system then allows the user to choose to
access default information in function block 110. A test is made in
decision block 112 to determine if the user has choosen to access default
information. If not, a test is next made in decision block 114 to
determine if there are more items for which manufacturing details are to
be input. If so, then the process loops back to function block 102.
Assuming that the test in decision block 112 is positive, that is, the user
chooses to access default information, then in function block 116, the
system accesses the default values in database 10 and inserts those
values. Then, in function block 118, the system generates an item
classification code. The user is given the option of overriding any of the
default data in function block 120. A test is made in decision block 122
to determine if the user chooses to override any default data. If so, the
system loops back to function block 106 which allows the user to key in
known manufacturing data as a typeover of the previously inserted default
data; otherwise, the system loops to function block 102 to select the next
item in the functional structure of the product. Eventually, the test in
decision block 114 will be negative, and the process ends.
FIG. 9 shows in flow chart form the logic of the query system according to
the invention. The program logic represented by FIG. 9 is what builds the
database represented by FIG. 3. This flow chart in combination with a
dialog system such as IBM's REXX, and a database system, such as IBM's
DB2, is sufficient for a programmer of ordinary skill in the art to write
the required code to implement the query system. With specific reference
to FIG. 9, the process begins by setting l=1 at block 20, where l is the
product or component level. Then at function block 22 the user of the
system is prompted for the product name. The system waits for a user input
at decision block 24, and when the product name has been input, the system
opens a file in the database with the product name and displays the
product name on the computer screen in function block 26. In block 28, l
is set to l+1 indicating the next level of components, and the system then
prompts the user in function block 30 for the components of the product at
this level. Each time the user inputs a component as detected by decision
block 32, the inputted component is stored in the data base for that level
in function block 34, and the system displays the inputted component on
the computer screen at a node of the tree structure in function block 36.
The system will continue to prompt the user for components after each
component is entered by the user until the user presses an END function
key which signals an end to the list of components for this level. Thus,
the system tests the user input in decision block 38 for the END function
key input. If that key input is not detected, then the system waits for
the next user input in decision block 32, and when an input is received,
the component is stored in the database table in fucntion block 34 and so
forth.
Once all the components have been input by the user for a given level as
indicated by pressing the END function key, the system then determines in
decision block 40 if the last component in the current level of components
has been input by the user. If not, the next component inthe current level
is highlighted in the displayed tree structure, and the system loops back
to function block 30 where the user is again prompted for components of
this component. On the other hand, if the last component of the current
level of components has been input by the user as detected in decision
block 40, the system tests for a user input in decision block 44 to
determine if components are to be entered for the next level. This is
accomplished by the user pressing a Y key or an N key when prompted for
the next level. If the Y key is pressed indicating that the user now wants
to input the next level of components, the system loops back to block 28
to index the next level. If on the other hand, the N key is pressed
indicating that the user does not at this time wish to input the next
level of components or that there is no next level of components to enter,
the query process ends.
Turning now to the flow chart of FIG. 10, this figure shows how the
indented bill of materials is automatically generated from the table in
the database which was built during the query session. Again, this flow
chart shows the logic of the automatic generation of the indented bill of
materials, and any programmer skilled in the art with an understanding of
database systems such as the IBM DB2 database, can write code to implement
the invention from the logic of the flow chart. The process begins in FIG.
10 by setting l=1 and i=0 in block 46, where l is the component level as
before and i is the indentation of the bill of materials. Next, item 1 of
level 1 is accessed in function block 48. Item 1 is then printed in
function block 50, and l and i are then indexed by adding one to each. A
test is then made in decision block 54 to determine if any level l is left
in the tree. If so, the system accesses the next left-most item in the
tree of the current level in function block 56. The accessed item is then
printed in function block 58 with indentation i. A search is then made of
the database in function block 60 for antecedents. If any are found in
decision block 62, the sytem loops back to block 52 where the level and
indentation are indexed by one. Otherwise, the last item of the current
level has been connected. If so, the level and the indentation are indexed
backward in block 66 by subtracting one from each. The process then
returns to decision block 57 to continue the process of accessing and
printing items in order. When the test in decision block 54 becomes
negative, that is there are no levels left in the tree structure, the
level and indentation are again indexed backward by subtracting one in
block 68. A test is then made in decision block 70 to determine if the
indentation i is less than or equal to zero. If not, the process loops
back to decision block 54; otherwise, the indented bill of materials is
complete and the process ends.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the
indented bill of materials is stored in the format of the ANSI (American
National Standards Institute) standard X3.122-1986, which is the Computer
Graphics Metafile (CGM), although a similar standard could be used. The
CGM standard is focused on the generation and transfer of device
independent information which is sufficient for a picture to be drawn on a
variety of graphics output devices. CGM is used to store an image of the
structured bill of materials which can be displayed within a variety of
CAD/CAM environments. Although it is an image within the CAD/CAM
environment, the text characters are CGM primitives which retain their
identity as text. These text characters can be manipulated within the
CAD/CAM environment, and the bill of material image can be modified.
Any CAD/CAM system which uses the CGM standard can display the structured
bill of material image. The bill of material image can be placed on one
half of the CAD/CAM screen, or in a window, or on a separate display, or
hot-button toggled, depending on the particular hardware being used. The
designer can then copy the text within the bill of materials and place it
on the CAD/CAM drawing. No part number keying is required, reducing the
typing the designer needs to do. The displayed bill of materials can be
used to guide the design drawing in the CAD/CAM environment. Updates to
the structured bill of materials displayed on the CAD/CAM terminal can be
made in the CAD/CAM environment, as long as the alphanumeric characters
are retained as text primitives rather than vectors or pixels (raster
fonts). New parts can be inserted, parts can be deleted, quantities can be
changed, and the stucture can be changed.
Inserted parts are indented as appropriate in the image of the bill of
materials structure. The x-position will be used to determine the level of
that part when the bill of materials is stored in the relational database.
The y-position is used to determine the position of the part relative to
other parts (where used information). The x and y locations are used to
establish needed "parent-child" relationships between parts in the
structure and are used to update the relational database. The tables in
the relational database contain product structure information necessary to
either display the structure in the format of a hierachical tree or in the
format of an indented bill of materials.
The updated bill of materials image within the CAD/CAM environment can then
be stored in the CGM standard format. In this format, it can be used in
the conceptual design tool, or for production planning functions.
FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C, taken together, show the flow chart of the logic
for the interface of the indented bill of material to a CAD/CAM
environment according to the invention. The flow chart is divided into
three environments: the planning environment of FIG. 11A, the interface of
FIG. 11B, and the design environment of FIG. 11C. The planning environment
may be implemented with a personal computer such as an IBM Personal System
2 (PS/2) computer or a mainframe computer. The design environment may be
implemented wth standalone work station such as the IBM RT (Risc
Technology) PC or a work station connected to a mainframe computer such as
an IBM 5080 or the equivalent. The key to the interface logic is the use
of the ANSI standard CGM, and any programmer familiar with that standard,
or a similar standard, can implement the invention from this flow chart.
The process begins in the planning environment of FIG. 11A by generating
the product structure tree in function block 144 and creating the indented
bill of materials in function block 146 using the conceptual design tool
application. This process has already been described with reference to
FIGS. 8, 9 and 10. The planning process continues with the input of
manufacturing detail in function block 148.
The indented bill of materials produced in the planning environment is
converted to a CGM graphics standard in FIG. 11B. The primitive text file
stored in the CGM graphics standard can then be imported and displayed as
an image in the design environment in FIG. 11C; that is, the CGM file is
imported into a CAD/CAM application.
The process by which the indented bill of materials is formatted and stored
in the CGM graphics standard begins by calling the metafile storage
function in function block 152. Using this function, the process begins to
create a computer graphics metafile in function block 154. The first step
is to print the beginning metafile element in function block 156. Then,
the name of the metafile, which is the name of the product being designed
bill of materials, is printed in function block 158. The metafile element
list is set to be equal to the metafile version of the text in function
block 160, and the metafile descriptor is printed in function block 162.
The primitive element text is printed in function block 164. This
primitive element text is the body of the bill of materials. The
previously computed indentation and levels of the bill of material are
used to compute the x,y coordinates of the text in the metafile. When that
is completed, the end metafile element is printed in function block 166.
The CGM file thus created is saved in the database 10 in function block
170.
Referring now to FIG. 11B, the design session begins by splitting the
display screen into two windows in function block 172. For example, the
two windows might be displayed side-by-side with the left window for text
and the right window for graphics. The two windows do not need to be same
size, and the text window might be narrower than the graphics window.
In function block 174, the CGM metafile in database 10 is retrieved, and in
function block 176, this file is loaded into the design application. The
bill of materials CGM text file is imported into the text window of the
display in function block 178. Once displayed, the bill of materials can
be used as a design aid, allowing the designer to copy and place item
names and numbers from the bill of materials into the drawing itself
rather than keying the item names and numbers manually. The designer
begins the drawing process in the graphics window in function block 180.
The designer can select item names, tolerances and the like from the bill
of materials image in the text window and import those names and
tolerances to the graphics window, as indicated in function block 182. In
this way, the designer is relieved of the burden of re-keying the text for
insertion as legends in the graphics window. The process is one in which
the designer simply moves the cursor from the graphics window to the text
window, and by placing the cursor over the desired text, or at the
beginning and end of a block of text, selects the text to be imported to
the graphics window. The designer then moves the cursor back to the
graphics window and selects the placement location for the text. The
process can be accomplished in any convenient manner, such as dragging the
text, and the particular technique is a matter of design choice to one of
ordinary skill in the art.
If during the design process, the bill of materials requires modification,
the designer can update the bill of materials in the displayed image of
the text window by inserting or deleting items as indicated in function
block 184. The only requirement is that the displayed bill of materials
retain its character as text primitives. The items that make up the
product are drawn in the graphics window as generally indicated by
function block 186. A feature of the draw function is illustrated in FIG.
12, which is described in more detail hereinafter. When the designer
concludes the CAD session, the bill of materials file is modified, as
necessary, in function block 188 and is then stored in a CGM file as
illustrated in FIG. 11B. The updated bill of materials is in this way
returned to database 10. The conceptual design tool or other application
package can then access the bill of materials from database 10 as
indicated in FIG. 11A for use in continued planning activities 149.
The novelty of this concept is placing an image of the bill of materials
into the CAD/CAM environment while retaining its character as text
primitives allowing it to be used as an aid in the design process. As a
result, the invention comprises an integral part of a top-down design
process that causes the user to plan a proposed product in a hierarchical
manner. After an initial product structure is done using the conceptual
design tool, detailed CAD/CAM design can be done using the overall product
structure by importing the bill of materials into the CAD/CAM environment.
Moreover, modifications to the bill of materials can be made in the
CAD/CAM environment and the modified bill of materials then can be moved
back to the conceptual design tool for use in the continuing planning
process.
As a further aid in the design process, the bill of materials image
displayed in the text window of the work station display is used to access
standard drawings in a drawing database. It is common in CAD systems to
develop, or purchase, a library of standard drawings which may be imported
into a current drawing. Architectual CAD systems commonly incorporate
standard drawings for wall sections, doors, windows, and the like. The
selection of these drawings is typically by inputting the drawing name or
by selection from a graphics tablet menu.
According to one feature of the invention, the bill of materials in the
text window becomes a menu for selecting standard drawings to aid in the
design process. These drawings may, in the example of the lawnmower, be
various items of hardware such as screws and bolts, wheels, battery, motor
and so forth. The item or part number of the bill of materials is used to
access the standard drawings, thus providing the designer with a custom
menu for each product being designed. The process begins in decision block
200 where the user input is monitored to detect if an item number has been
selected from the bill of materials. When an item number is selected, a
determination is made in decision block 202 as to whether the selected
item number is in the drawing database. If it is not, then in function
block 204 a message is displayed to the user that a drawing for the
selected item number does not exist, and the process loops back to
decision block 200.
Assuming that the item number selected corresponds to a drawing in the
database, then in function block 206 the drawing is obtained from the
database and placed at the current cursor location in the graphics drawing
window. The user is then given several choices as to what to do with the
drawing. A few are shown in the drawing and will serve to illustrate the
typical graphic editing functions which may be performed. For example, in
decision block 208, the user is given the option of rotating the drawing
image. If this option is chosen, the drawing image is rotated in response
to cursor movement, for example, in function block 210. In decision block
212, the user is given the option of zooming the drawing; i.e., enlarging
or reducing the size of the drawing. If this option is chosen, the drawing
image is enlarged or reduced in response to the zoom command in function
block 214.
The system monitors the user's input in decision block 216 to determine
where the drawing image is to be fixed on the screen. This typically would
be indicated by the press of a mouse button or an ENTER key. Until the
user command is detected to fix the image on the screen, the system
continues to drag the image of the drawing with the cursor in function
block 218, and control loops back to decision block 208. However, at such
time as the user command is detected, the image is fixed at the location
indicated by the current position of the cursor. Then a test is made in
decision block 220 to determine if there are more drawings to be made in
this session. If not, the CAD session ends; otherwise, control loops back
to decision block 200.
Considering again decision block 200, if an item number is not selected
from the bill of materials, the user is given the option in decision block
222 of beginning a new drawing. If that option is selected, a graphics
package is called in function block 224 for performing the drawing
functions. The graphics package itself forms no part of the present
invention and may be any of several commercially available packages, such
as the CADAM.TM. package sold by IBM Corp. Once the new drawing is made,
the user is given the option of adding this drawing to the database of
standard drawings in decision block 226. For example, assume that the user
has just generated a handle assembly for the lawnmower and expects that
this handle assembly will be used in other models. The user might then
want to save the drawing as a standard drawing for later use in another
design project. In that case an item or part number is assigned to the
drawing in function block 228, and the process then goes to decision block
220. If the user chooses not to add this drawing to the database, the
process goes directly to decision block 220.
The ability to use the item number from the text information which is
displayed in the text window of the work station display to select
standard drawings from the drawing database greatly simplifies the
drawing, and hence the design, process. This can be accomplished again due
to the fact that the bill of materials image is in the form of a primative
text file, as opposed to a graphics file. Thus, the item or part numbers
can be recognized by selection with the cursor for accessing the drawings
from the database.
While the invention has been described in terms of a preferred embodiment,
those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be
practiced with modification and alteration within the spirit and scope of
the appended claims.
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