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Method and apparatus for contextual data enhancement    
United States Patent4876726   
Link to this pagehttp://www.wikipatents.com/4876726.html
Inventor(s)Capello; Richard D. (Orange, CA); Mabry; George R. (Fullerton, CA)
AbstractA fingerprint image enhancement and identification system, wherein image data in digital form, is analyzed in three basic scan windows which are clocked through a matrix array of data elements each containing either intensity data, direction data or both. Using a least summed contrast method, the first window estimates data element directions by analyzing the intensity data in selected direction slits in the window to provide a preliminary direction estimate of a slit direction or "no direction". Thereafter, the second window passes through the matrix to process the preliminary direction estimates, and enhance the direction estimates to identify a slit direction which, along with the directions adjacent to it, are the directions of the predominate number of data elements in the window, or which is the average of the two slit directions which comprise the largest and second largest number of data elements, if they are sufficiently close in direction. The final window examines data elements having enhanced directions and enhances the intensity data of a center data element in the third window, by analysis of the center data element and the neighboring slit data elements in the slit with the direction of the enhanced direction of the center data element.
   














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Inventor     Capello; Richard D. (Orange, CA); Mabry; George R. (Fullerton, CA)
Owner/Assignee     De La Rue Printrak, Inc. (Anaheim, CA)
Patent assignment
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Publication Date     October 24, 1989
Application Number     06/816,865
PAIR File History     Application Data   Transaction History
Image File Wrapper   Patent Term   Fees
Litigation
Filing Date     January 7, 1986
US Classification     382/124 382/197
Int'l Classification     G06K 009/00
Examiner     Boudreau; Leo H.
Assistant Examiner    
Attorney/Law Firm     Poms, Smith, Lande & Rose
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Priority Data    
USPTO Field of Search     382/21 382/22 382/23 382/4 382/67 382/54 382/5 382/18
Patent Tags     contextual data enhancement
   
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4524454
Ejiri
382/198
Jun,1985

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4368462
Crawley
345/530
Jan,1983

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4225850
Chang
382/124
Sep,1980

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4156230
Riganati
382/124
May,1979

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Riganati
382/125
Apr,1979

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4135147
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382/125
Jan,1979

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382/125
Apr,1978

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Vitols
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Sep,1977

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382/302
Jan,1977

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Oct,1972

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What is claimed is:

1. A method for enhancing data contained in data elements of an N.times.M matrix of data elements, each data element containing data representative of an intensity within a range of intensities, the method comprising:

(a) selecting a Y.times.Y direction estimate scan window of data elements, from within the N.times.M matrix, with Y<N, Y<M, and wherein said window has a center data element;

(b) taking the cumulative sum of the differences in the intensity values for each of a plurality of pairs of data elements which are spaced apart by a selected number of data elements, and each comprising one of the data elements in a respective one of a plurality of different slits, wherein each different slit represents a different slit direction and wherein the respective one of a plurality of different slits contains the center data element and is within the direction estimate scan window; and

(c) assigning a direction estimate to the center data element based upon a comparison of the cumulative sum of such differences for the respective slits.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

assigning to the center data element the direction of the slit having the lowest cumulative sum of the differences in the intensity values for the plurality of pairs of data elements spaced apart by a selected number of data elements within the respective slit.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the steps of:

determining the dynamic range of the intensity values of the data elements in the Y.times.Y direction estimate scan window, within which dynamic range are contained a selected percentage of the number of data elements in the direction estimate scan window;

assigning "no direction" as the direction estimate, unless the dynamic range exceeds a selected threshold value.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the dynamic range is the difference between an upper intensity value below which fall the intensity values of substantially 90 percent of the data elements in the direction estimate scan window and a lower intensity value above which fall the intensity values of substantially 90 percent of the data elements in the direction estimate scan window.

5. The method of claim 3, further comprising the steps of:

comparing the lowest cumulative sum of the differences in intensity values to the cumulative sum of the differences in intensity values for the slits generally aligned in direction with direction of the slit having the lowest cumulative sum;

comparing the lowest cumulative sum of the differences in intensity values to the cumulative sum of the differences in intensity values for the slits generally not aligned with the direction of the slit having the lowest cumulative sum;

assigning to the center data element the direction of the slit having the lowest cumulative sum unless a first selected number of the generally aligned slits have a cumulative sum which fails to exceed the lowest cumulative slit sum by a first selected percentage of the lowest cumulative slit sum or a second selected number of the generally not aligned slits have a cumulative sum of the differences in intensities which fails to exceed the lowest cumulative slit sum by a second selected percentage.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein there are twelve separate intersecting slit directions and the generally aligned slits are those four immediately adjacent slits, two on each side of the slit representing the slit direction having the lowest cumulative sum of the differences in intensities, and the first selected number is four, the second selected number is one.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first and second percentages are each about 20 percent.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of incrementing the direction estimate scan window through the N.times.M matrix until each data element of the N.times.M matrix has been a center data element of the Y.times.Y direction estimate scan window.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein after the steps enumerated therein at least some of the data elements in the N.times.M matrix of data elements contains data representative of an assigned direction from within one of a plurality of directions, wherein each of said plurality of directions is generally equally spaced apart in direction, comprising the further steps of:

selecting a Z.times.Z enhanced direction scan window of data elements from within the N.times.M matrix, with Z<N, Z<M, and having a center data element;

determining for each of the plurality of directions the number of data elements within the enhanced direction scan window which have such assigned directions;

assigning to the center data element of the Z.times.Z scan window the direction had by the largest number of data elements when the sum of the number of data elements which have the direction of the largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having directions generally aligned with the direction of the largest number of data elements equals or exceeds a selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

10. The method of claim 2, wherein after the steps enumerated therein at least some of the data elements in the N.times.M matrix of data elements contains data representative of an assigned direction from within one of a plurality of directions, wherein each of said plurality of directions is generally equally spaced apart in direction, comprising the further steps of:

selecting a Z.times.Z enhanced direction scan window of data elements from within the N.times.M matrix, with Z<N, Z<M, and having a center data element;

determining for each of the plurality of directions the number of data elements within the enhanced direction scan window which have such directions;

assigning to the center data element of the Z.times.Z scan window the direction had by the largest number of data elements when the sum of the number of data elements which have the direction of the largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having directions generally aligned with the direction of the largest number of data elements equals or exceeds a selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

11. The method of claim 5, wherein after the steps enumerated therein at least some of the data elements in the N.times.M matrix of data elements contains data representative of an assigned direction from within one of a plurality of directions, wherein each of said plurality of directions is generally equally spaced apart in direction, comprising the further steps of:

selecting a Z.times.Z enhanced direction scan window of data elements from within the N.times.M matrix, with Z<N, Z<M, and having a center data element;

determining for each of the plurality of directions the number of data elements within the enhanced direction scan window which have such directions;

assigning to the center data element of the Z.times.Z scan window the direction had by the largest number of data elements when the sum of the number of data elements which have the direction of the largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having directions generally aligned with the direction of the largest number of data elements equals or exceeds a selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein after the steps enumerated therein at least some of the data elements in the N.times.M matrix of data elements contains data representative of an assigned direction from within one of a plurality of directions, wherein each of said plurality of directions is generally equally spaced apart in direction, comprising the further steps of:

selecting a Z.times.Z enhanced direction scan window of data elements from within the N.times.M matrix, with Z<N, Z<M, and having a center data element;

determining for each of the plurality of directions the number of data elements with the enhanced direction scan window which have such directions;

assigning to the center data element of the Z.times.Z scan window the direction had by the largest number of data elements when the sum of the number of data elements which have the direction of the largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having directions generally aligned with the direction of the largest number of data elements equals or exceeds a selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

13. The method of claim 9, further comprising the steps of:

determining that the sum of the number of data elements which have the direction of the largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having directions generally aligned with the direction of the largest number of data elements does not exceed the selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window,

assigning the center element the direction of the second largest number of data elements when the sum of the number of data elements which have the direction of the second largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having directions generally aligned with the direction of the second largest number of data elements equals or exceeds a selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

14. The method of claim 10, further comprising the steps of:

determining that the sum of the number of data elements which have the direction of the largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having directions generally aligned with the direction of the largest number of data elements does not exceed the selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window,

assigning the center data element the direction of the second largest number of data elements when the sum of the number of data elements which have the direction of the second largest number of data elements and the number of the data elements having directions generally aligned with the direction of the second largest number of data elements equals or exceeds a selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

15. The method of claim 11, further comprising the steps of:

determining that the sum of the number of data elements which have the direction of the largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having directions generally aligned with the direction of the largest number of data elements does not exceed the selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window,

assigning the center data element the direction of the second largest number of data elements when the sum of the number of data elements which have the direction of the second largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having directions generally aligned with the direction of the second largest number of data elements equals or exceeds a selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

16. The method of claim 12, further comprising the steps of:

determining that the sum of the number of data elements which have the direction of the largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having directions generally aligned with the direction of the largest number of data elements does not exceed the selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window,

assigning the center data element the direction of the second largest number of data elements when the sum of the number of data elements which have the direction of the second largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having directions generally aligned with the direction of the second largest number of data elements equals or exceeds a selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the data elements within the Z.times.Z direction enhancement window may have "no direction" as an assigned direction, comprising the further steps of:

determining by the preceding steps not to assign to the center data element either the direction of the largest number of data elements or the direction of the second largest number of data elements;

assigning to the center data element the direction of the largest number of data elements if the sum of the number of data elements having the direction of the largest number, and the number of data elements adjacent in direction to the direction of the largest number of data elements, and the number of data elements having "no direction" exceeds a second percentage of the number of data elements in the enhanced direction scan window.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein the data elements within the Z.times.Z direction enhancement window may have "no direction" as an assigned direction, comprising the further steps of:

determining by the preceding steps not to assign to the center data element either the direction of the largest number of data elements or the direction of the second largest number of data elements;

assigning to the center data element the direction of the largest number of data elements if the sum of the number of data elements having the direction of the largest number, and the number of data elements adjacent in direction to the direction of the largest number of data elements, and the number of data elements having "no direction" exceeds a second percentage of the number of data elements in the enhanced direction scan window.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein the data elements within the Z.times.Z direction enhancement window may have "no direction" as an assigned direction, comprising the further steps of:

determining by the preceding steps not to assign to the center data element either the direction of the largest number of data elements or the direction of the second largest number of data elements;

assigning to the center data elements the direction of the largest number of data elements if the sum of the number of data elements having the direction of the largest number, and the number of data elements adjacent in direction to the direction of the largest number of data elements, and the number of data elements having "no direction" exceeds a second percentage of the number of data elements in the enhanced direction scan window.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the data elements with the Z.times.Z direction enhancement window may have "no direction" as an assigned direction, comprising the further steps of:

determining by the preceding steps not to assign to the center data element either the direction of the largest number of data elements or the direction of the second largest number of data elements;

assigning to the center data element the direction of the largest number of data elements if the sum of the number of data elements having the direction of the largest number, and the number of data elements adjacent in direction to the direction of the largest number of data elements, and the number of data elements having "no direction" exceeds a second percentage of the number of data elements in the enhanced direction scan window.

21. The method of claim 17, comprising the further steps of:

determining by the preceding steps not to assign either the direction of the largest number of data elements or the direction of the second largest number of data elements;

assigning to the center data element of the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window the direction of the second largest number of data elements if the sum of the number of data elements having the direction of the second largest number of data elements, and the number of data elements adjacent in direction to the direction of the second largest number of data elements, and the number of data elements having a direction of "no direction" exceeds the second percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

22. The method of claim 18, comprising the further steps of:

determining by the preceding steps not to assign either the direction of the largest number of data elements or the direction of the second largest number of data elements;

assigning to the center data element of the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window the direction of the second largest number of data elements if the sum of the number of data elements having the direction of the second largest number of data elements, and the number of data elements adjacent in direction to the direction of the second largest number of data elements, and the number of data elements having a direction of "no direction" exceeds the second percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

23. The method of claim 19, comprising the further steps of:

determining by the preceding steps not to assign either the direction of the largest number of data elements or the direction of the second largest number of data elements;

assigning to the center data element of the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window the direction of the second largest number of data elements if the sum of the number of data elements having the direction of the second largest number of data elements, and the number of data elements adjacent in direction to the direction of the second largest number of data elements, and the number of data elements having a direction of "no direction" exceeds the second percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

24. The method of claim 20, comprising the further steps of:

determining by the preceding steps not to assign either the direction of the largest number of data elements or the direction of the second largest number of data elements;

assigning to the center data element of Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window the direction of the second largest number of data elements if the sum of the number of data elements having the direction of the second largest number of data elements, and the number of data elements adjacent in direction to the direction of the second largest number of data elements, and the number of data elements having a direction of "no direction" exceeds the second percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

25. The method of claim 21, comprising the further steps of:

determining by the preceding steps not to assign either the direction of the largest number of data elements or the directions of the second largest number of data elements;

assigning to the center data element of the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window the average direction of the directions of the largest and second largest number of data elements if the sum of the largest and second largest number of data elements exceeds a third selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window or the sum of the largest number of data elements and the second largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having direction of "no direction" exceeds a fourth selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window, and the difference in direction of the directions of the largest and second largest number of data elements is less than or equal to a selected number of degrees.

26. The method of claim 22, comprising the further steps of:

determining by the preceding steps not to assign either the direction of the largest number of data elements or the directions of the second largest number of data elements;

assigning to the center data element of the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window the average direction of the directions of the largest and second largest number of data elements if the sum of the largest and second largest number of data elements exceeds a third selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z scan window or the sum of the largest number of data elements and the second largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having a direction of "no direction" exceeds a fourth selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window, and the difference in direction of the directions of the largest and second largest number of data elements is less than or equal to a selected number of degrees.

27. The method of claim 23, comprising the further steps of:

determining by the preceding steps not to assign either the direction of the largest number of data elements or the directions of the second largest number of data elements;

assigning to the center data element of the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window the average direction of the directions of the largest and second largest number of data elements if the sum of the largest and second largest number of data elements exceeds a third selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window or the sum of the largest number of data elements and the second largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having a direction of "no direction" exceeds a fourth selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window, and the difference in direction of the directions of the largest and second largest number of data elements is less than or equal to a selected number of degrees.

28. The method of claim 24, comprising the further steps of:

determining by the preceding steps not to assign either the direction of the largest number of data elements or the directions of the second largest number of data elements;

assigning to the center data element of the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window the average direction of the directions of the largest and second largest number of data elements if the sum of the largest and second largest number of data elements exceeds a third selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window or the sum of the largest number of data elements and the second largest number of data elements and the number of data elements having a direction of "no direction" exceeds a fourth selected percentage of the number of data elements in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window, and the difference in direction of the directions of the largest and second largest number of data elements is less than or equal to a selected number of degrees.

29. The method of claim 25, further comprising the steps of:

incrementing the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window through the N.times.M matrix until each data element in the N.times.M matrix is a center data element in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

30. The method of claim 26, comprising the further steps of:

incrementing the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window through the N.times.M matrix until each data element in the N.times.M matrix is a center data element in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

31. The method of claim 27, comprising the further steps of:

incrementing the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window through the N.times.M matrix until each data element in the N.times.M matrix is a center data element in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

32. The method of claim 28, comprising the further steps of:

incrementing the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window through the N.times.M matrix until each data element in the N.times.M matrix is a center data element in the Z.times.Z direction enhancement scan window.

33. The method of claim 2, wherein at least some of the data elements contain data representative of a feature flow direction, said method further comprising the steps of:

forming an I.times.I intensity enhancement scan window of data elements within the N.times.M matrix, with I<N, I<M, and wherein said intensity enhancement scan window has a center data element,

determining the mean of the intensity values of the intensity data for the data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window;

selecting a plurality of data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window defining a direction slit having the direction represented by the feature flow direction data of the data of the center data element;

modifying the intensity value of the intensity data of the center data element according to the relationship of the intensity data of each data element in the direction slit to the mean, and the relationship of the direction represented by the direction data in each data element in the direction slit to the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element.

34. The method of 33, further comprising the steps of:

for each of the data elements in the direction slit having the direction represented by the direction in the center data element, where the center data element has other than "no direction" as its direction data, comparing the intensity data to an augmented mean, proportional to the mean of the intensity data of all the data elements in the intensity enhancement scan window, and comparing the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element to the direction represented by the direction data of each respective direction slit data element;

generating an intensity correction with a magnitude dependent upon the absolute difference between the intensity data of the respective direction slit data element and the augmented means and, when the direction represented by the direction data of the respective direction slit data element is within a selected number of degrees from the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element, having a sign to decrease the value of the intensity data of the center data element when the intensity of the respective direction slit data element exceeds the augmented mean, and having a sign to increase the intensity of the center data element when the intensity of the respective direction slit data element is less than the augmented mean, and when the direction represented by the direction data of the respective direction slit data element is not within a selected number of degrees from the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element; having a sign to increase the value of the intensity data of the center data element when the intensity of the respective direction slit data element exceeds the augmented mean, and having a sign to decrease the intensity of the center data element when the value of the intensity of the respective direction slit data elements is less than the augmented mean.

35. The method of claim 34, further comprising the steps of:

incrementing the I.times.I intensity enhancement scan window through the N.times.M matrix until each data element in the N.times.M matrix is a center data element in the I.times.I direction enhancement scan window.

36. The method of claim 3, wherein at least some of the data elements contain data representative of a feature flow direction, said method further comprising the steps of:

forming an I.times.I intensity enhancement scan window of data elements within the N.times.M matrix, with I<N, I<M, wherein said intensity enhancement scan window has a center data element;

determining the mean of the intensity values for the data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window;

selecting a plurality of data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window defining a direction slit having the direction represented by the feature flow direction data of the center data element;

modifying the intensity value of the intensity data of the center data element according to the relationship of the intensity data of each data element in the direction slit to the mean, and the relationship of the direction represented by the direction data in each data element in the direction slit to the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element.

37. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of a method of enhancing intensity data for each of a plurality of data elements in an N.times.M matrix of data elements each including data representative of an intensity within a range of intensities and data representative of a feature flow direction or "no direction," comprising the steps of:

forming an I.times.I intensity enhancement window of data elements within the N.times.M matrix, with I<N, I<M, and having a center data element,

determining the mean of the intensity values of the intensity data for the data elements within the scan window;

selecting a plurality of data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window defining a direction slit having the direction represented by the feature flow direction data of the center data element;

modifying the intensity value of the intensity data of the center data element according to the relationship of the intensity data of each data element in the direction slit to the mean, and the relationship of the direction represented by the direction data in each data element in the direction slit to the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element.

38. The method of claim 5, wherein at least some of the data elements contain data representative of a feature flow direction, said method further comprising the steps of:

forming an I.times.I intensity enhancement scan window of data elements within the N.times.M matrix, with I<N, I<M, wherein said intensity enhancement scan window has a center data element;

determining the mean of the intensity values of the intensity data for the data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window;

selecting a plurality of data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window defining a direction slit having the direction represented by the feature flow direction data of the center data element;

modifying the intensity value of the intensity data of the center data element according to the relationship of the intensity data of each data element in the direction slit to the mean, and the relationship of the direction represented by the direction data in each data element in the direction slit to the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element.

39. The method of claim 6, wherein at least some of the data elements contain data representative of a feature flow direction, said method further comprising the steps of:

forming an I.times.I intensity enhancement scan window of data elements within the N.times.M matrix, with I<N, I<M, wherein said intensity enhancement scan window has a center data element;

determining the mean of the intensity values of the intensity data for the data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window;

selecting a plurality of data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window defining a direction slit having the direction represented by the feature flow direction data of the center data element;

modifying the intensity value of the intensity data of the center data element according to the relationship of the intensity data of each data element in the direction slit to the mean, and the relationship of the direction represented by the direction data in each data element in the direction slit to the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element.

40. The method of claim 9, wherein at least some of the data elements contain data representative of a feature flow direction, said method further comprising the steps of:

forming an I.times.I intensity enhancement scan window of data elements within the N.times.M matrix, with I<N, I<M, wherein said intensity enhancement scan window has a center data element;

determining the mean of the intensity values of the intensity data for the data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window;

selecting a plurality of data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window defining a direction slit having the direction represented by the feature flow direction data of the center data element;

modifying the intensity value of the intensity data of the center data element according to the relationship of the intensity data of each data element in the direction slit to the mean, and the relationship of the direction represented by the direction data in each data element in the direction slit to the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element.

41. The method of claim 10, wherein at least some of the data elements contain data representative of a feature flow direction, said method further comprising the steps of:

forming an I.times.I intensity enhancement scan window of data elements within the N.times.M matrix, with I<N, I<M, wherein said intensity enhancement scan window has a center data element;

determining the mean of the intensity values of the intensity data for the data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window;

selecting a plurality of data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window defining a direction slit having the direction represented by the feature flow direction data of the center data element;

modifying the intensity value of the intensity data of the center data element according to the relationship of the intensity data of each data element in the direction slit to the mean, and the relationship to the direction represented by the direction data in each data element in the direction slit to the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element.

42. The method of claim 11, wherein at least some of the data elements contain data representative of a feature flow direction, said method further comprising the steps of:

forming an I.times.I intensity enhancement scan window of data elements within the N.times.M matrix, with I<N, I<M, wherein said intensity enhancement scan window has a center data element;

determining the mean of the intensity values of the intensity data for the data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window;

selecting a plurality of data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window defining a direction slit having the direction represented by the feature flow direction data of the center data element;

modifying the intensity value of the intensity data of the center data element according to the relationship of the intensity data of each data element in the direction slit to the mean, and the relationship of the direction represented by the direction data in each data element in the direction slit to the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element.

43. The method of claim 12, wherein at least some of the data elements contain data representative of a feature flow direction, said method further comprising the steps of:

forming an I.times.I intensity enhancement scan window of data elements within the N.times.M matrix, with I<N, I<M, wherein said intensity enhancement scan window has a center data element;

determining the mean of the intensity values of the intensity data for the data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window;

selecting a plurality of data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window defining a direction slit having the direction represented by the feature flow direction data of the center data element;

modifying the intensity value of the intensity data of the center data element according to the relationship of the intensity data of each data element in the direction slit to the mean, and the relationship of the direction represented by the direction data in each data element in the direction slit to the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element.

44. The method of claim 13, wherein at least some of the data elements contain data representative of a feature flow direction, said method further comprising the steps of:

forming an I.times.I intensity enhancement scan window of data elements within the N.times.M matrix, with I<N, I<M, wherein said intensity enhancement scan window has a center data element;

determining the mean of the intensity values of the intensity data for the data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window;

selecting a plurality of data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window defining a direction slit having the direction represented by the feature flow direction data of the center data element;

modifying the intensity value of the intensity data of the center data element according to the relationship of the intensity data of each data element in the direction slit to the mean, and the relationship of the direction represented by the direction data in each data element in the direction slit to the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element.

45. The method of claim 14, wherein at least some of the data elements contain data representative of a feature flow direction, said method further comprising the steps of:

forming an I.times.I intensity enhancement window of data elements within the N.times.M matrix, with I<N, I<M, wherein said intensity enhancement scan window has a center data element;

determining the mean of the intensity values of the intensity data for the data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window;

selecting a plurality of data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window defining a direction slit having the direction represented by the feature flow direction data of the center data element;

modifying the intensity value of the intensity data of the center data element according to the relationship of the intensity data of each data element in the directon slit to the mean, and the relationship of the direction represented by the direction data in each data element in the direction slit to the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element.

46. The method of claim 15, wherein at least some of the data elements contain data representative of a feature flow direction, said method further comprising the steps of:

forming an I.times.I intensity enhancement window of data elements within the N.times.M matrix, with I<N, I<M, wherein said intensity enhancement scan window has a center data element;

determining the mean of the intensity values of the intensity data for the data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window;

selecting a plurality of data elements within the intensity enhancement scan window defining a direction slit having the direction represented by the feature flow direction data of the center data element;

modifying the intensity value of the intensity data of the center data element according to the relationship of the intensity data of each data element in the direction slit to the mean, and the relationship of the direction represented by the direction data in each data element in the direction slit to the direction represented by the direction data of the center data element.

47. The method of claim 16, wherein at least some of the data elements contain data representative of a feature flow direction, said method further comprising the steps of:

forming an I.times.I intensity enhancement win