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Description  |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a data processing apparatus and, more
particularly, to a data processing apparatus having an
enlargement/reduction functions capable of setting different
magnifications in different directions.
In a conventional data processing apparatus, data, e.g., image data of a
large amount of documents are optically read by a two-dimensional scanning
device. The data read by the two-dimensional scanning device are displayed
on a display device such as a CRT (cathode-ray tube) display. The image
data displayed on the CRT display are subjected to rotation, enlargement,
reduction, movement, extraction, or synthesis with other documents to be
edited to obtain an objective document. The edited document is
sequentially stored on a storage medium such as an optical disk, or is
output in a visible state for an operator using an output apparatus such
as a CRT display or a printer.
When a character or an image displayed on the CRT display is to be enlarged
or reduced, the enlargement or reduction magnifications in the horizontal
and vertical directions of the character or image are equal to each other.
More specifically, an original character or image is equally enlarged or
reduced to obtain a resultant character or image, and the shapes of the
characters or images before and after the enlargement/reduction are
similar to each other. For this reason, when an operator performs an edit
operation of characters or images using the apparatus, the image cannot be
displayed in an arbitrary area on the CRT display. This is because an
image to be displayed on the CRT display can only be enlarged or reduced
at equal horizontal and vertical magnifications.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a data
processing apparatus, wherein a character or an image can be
enlarged/reduced at different horizontal and vertical magnifications so as
to be displayed on a CRT display, so that an edit operation of characters
or images such as movement, extraction, or synthesis with other documents
can be performed.
According to the present invention, there is provided a data processing
apparatus comprising means for displaying data to be processed, first
designating means for designating on amount of one of an enlarging and
reducing magnification in the vertical direction of the data displayed on
the displaying means, second designating means for designating an amount
of one of an enlarging and reducing magnification in the horizontal
direction of the data displayed on the displaying means, and means for
changing the data displayed on the displaying means in accordance with the
amount of one of the enlarging and reducing magnification in the vertical
direction designated by the first designating means and the amount of one
of the enlarging and reducing magnification in the horizontal direction
designated by the second designating means.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a data processing
apparatus that comprises means for inputting data to be processed, means
for displaying the data input by the inputting means, first designating
means for designating on amount of one of an enlarging and reducing
magnification in the vertical direction of the data displayed on the
displaying means, second designating means for designating an amount of
one of an enlarging and reducing magnification in the horizontal direction
of the data displayed on the displaying means, means for changing the data
displayed on the displaying means in accordance with the amount of one of
the enlarging and reducing magnification in the vertical direction
designated by the first designating means and the amount of one of the
enlarging and reducing magnification in the horizontal direction
designated by said second designating means, and means for storing the
data which are enlarged and reduced at the magnification.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a data
processing apparatus that comprises means for storing data corresponding
to an image to be processed, means for displaying the data read out by the
storing means, first designating means for designating on amount of one of
an enlarging and reducing magnification in the vertical direction of the
data displayed on the displaying means, second designating means for
designating an amount of one of an enlarging and reducing magnification in
the horizontal direction of the data displayed on the displaying means,
means for changing the data displayed on the displaying means in
accordance with the amount of one of the enlarging and reducing
magnification in the vertical direction designated by the first
designating means and the amount of one of the enlarging and reducing
magnification in the horizontal direction designated by the second
designating means, and means for printing an image corresponding to the
data which are enlarged and reduced at individual magnification.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features of the present invention will become more apparent
from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof,
as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing the entire arrangement of
an image data processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an arrangement of an enlarge/reduction
circuit of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are views showing image data displayed on a CRT
display at predetermined enlargement/reduction magnifications, in which
FIG. 3A shows a state wherein original image data is enlarged to twice the
original size in the horizontal direction and three times in the vertical
direction, FIG. 3B shows a state wherein the original image data is
reduced to 1/2 in the horizontal direction and 1/3 in the vertical
direction, and FIG. 3C shows a state wherein the original image data is
reduced to 1/2 in the horizontal direction and is enlarged to three times
the original size in the vertical direction;
FIG. 4 shows a display state of the CRT display shown in FIG. 1, i.e., is a
view showing an initial state of the CRT display;
FIG. 5 shows a display state of the CRT display, i.e., is a view showing a
4-page display state (window 4);
FIG. 6 shows a display state of the CRT display shown in FIG. 5, i.e., is a
view showing a state capable of an edit operation;
FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 show display states of the CRT display shown in FIG. 5,
i.e., are views showing states during the edit operation; and
FIG. 10 shows a display state of the CRT display shown in FIG. 5, i.e., is
a view showing a state upon completion of the edit operation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an image data file apparatus to which a data processing
apparatus of the present invention is applied. CPU 12 as a control means
is coupled to system bus 14 for control signals. CPU 12 controls the
entire apparatus. CPU 12 is coupled to keyboard 16 for inputting various
data such as a retrieval code corresponding to each image data, command
data, and the like, and pointing device 20 (called a mouse) for moving a
cursor displayed on CRT display 18 (to be described later in detail).
System bus 14 is coupled to interface circuit 22 for disk devices, and main
memory 24 which stores operation programs of CPU 12. Interface circuit 22
is coupled to optical disk device 26 for storing image data, and magnetic
disk devices 28 and 30 for storing retrieval information of optical disk
device 26. Optical disk device 26 causes optical disk 34 used as an
optical storage medium to sequentially store image data read by
two-dimensional scanning device (scanner) 32 (to be described later) and
supplied via CPU 12.
Magnetic disk device 28 causes magnetic disk 36 to store a retrieval code
input from keyboard 16 and retrieval data controlled by a memory address
on optical disk 34 storing each image data and its size corresponding to
the retrieval code for each image data. The retrieval data is constituted
by a retrieval code (image name) consisting of a plurality of retrieval
keys, an image storage start track address, an image storage start sector
address, and the number of image storage sectors (length of image) of
image data corresponding to the retrieval code on optical disk 34.
Magnetic disk device 28 comprises, e.g., a hard disk device. Magnetic disk
device 30 stores a property sheet, and loads magnetic disk 38 which is
processed by a personal computer or a word processor. Magnetic disk 38
comprises, e.g., a floppy disk.
System bus 14 is coupled to page memory 40 having a storage capacity
corresponding to image data for a plurality of originals, display memory
42, working display memory 44, compress/extension circuit 46 for
performing compression (reducing a redundancy) and extension (restoring a
reduced redundancy), enlarge/reduction circuit 48 for enlarging/reducing
image data, and aspect converter 50 for performing a vertical-horizontal
conversion of image data. These sections are coupled between system bus 14
and image bus 52.
Display memory 42 stores image data which is obtained such that the image
data to be actually displayed on CRT display 18, i.e., image data stored
in page memory 40, is subjected to enlargement, reduction, rotation,
insertion, movement, or white-black inversion. Enlarge/reduction circuit
48 and aspect converter 50 are arranged in a single module. Display memory
42 is coupled to CRT display 18 via display controller 54. CRT display 18
displays image data read by scanner 32 or image data read out from optical
disk device 26. CRT display 18 can simultaneously display a maximum of
four documents using four windows. More specifically, CRT display 18 can
display, e.g., four vertically displayed image data, and an edit operation
such as enlargement, reduction, rotation, scroll, and the like of image
data can be independently performed in each window. In addition, a cursor
on CRT display 18 is arbitrarily moved in horizontal and vertical
directions by pointing device 20, and an instruction is made at a desired
position, so that a display content of CRT display 18, where the cursor is
located, is selected. Alternatively, the display content of CRT display 18
is selected using a tablet which has the same display contents. Note that
the display contents include various modes such as enlargement, reduction,
and the like, an image to be edited, an area to be extracted, icons, and
the like.
Scanner 32 exposes and scans an original with a laser beam to obtain
electrical signals corresponding to image data of the original. Scanner 32
comprises operation section 32a for setting the parameters (processing
data) such as a size of an original to be read, an original density, a
reading density, and the like, CPU 32b for controlling scanner 32, and
memory 32c for storing the parameters set by operation section 32a. Image
data read by scanner 32, image data read out from optical disk device 26,
and image data read out from page memory 40 or display memory 42 can be
output as a hard copy by printer 56. Scanner 32 and printer 56 are coupled
to encoding/decoding circuit (CODEC) 62 via interface circuits 58 and 60,
respectively. CODEC 62 and interface circuits 58 and 60 are arranged in a
single module.
Furthermore, system bus 14 is coupled to universal communication processor
(UCP) 64. UCP 64 serves as an interface for RS-232C, GPIB, and SCSI. UCP
64 is coupled to business communication processor (BCP) 66. BCP 66 serves
as an interface for a local area network (LAN).
In the image data file apparatus with the above arrangement, CPU 12 and
interface circuit 22 constitute control module CPM, and main memory 24,
page memory 40, display memory 42, working display memory 44, and display
controller 54 constitutes memory module MM. Furthermore,
compress/extension circuit 46, enlarge/reduction circuit 48, aspect
converter 50, interface circuits 58 and 60, and CODEC 62 constitute image
processing module IPM, and UCP 64 and BCP 66 constitute a communication
control module.
Enlarge/reduction circuit 48 will be described in detail with reference to
FIG. 2. Enlarge/reduction circuit 48 enlarges/reduces a character pattern
supplied by a pattern generator in CODEC 62 or image data supplied by page
memory 40 or display memory 42 via image bus 52. Circuit 48 then outputs
enlarged/reduced image data to page or display memory 40 or 42 via image
bus 52. Enlarge/reduction circuit 48 comprises parallel-serial converter
72, line buffer 74, extracting circuit 76, operational section 78, address
flip-flop circuit 80, serial-parallel converter 82, X-conversion ratio
register 84, Y-conversion ratio register 86, fixing section 88, and X- and
Y-counters 90 and 92.
Parallel-serial converter 72 converts the character pattern or image data
supplied from image bus 52 into serial data, and outputs the converted
serial data to line buffer 74. Line buffer 74 stores data for four lines.
Extracting circuit 76 outputs, to operational section 78, 4 (line).times.4
(column) pixels as reference pixels in accordance with the four line data
supplied from line buffer 74. Operational section 78 performs an
arithmetic operation in accordance with the reference pixels supplied by
extracting circuit 76 and a position determination signal supplied by
fixing section 88. With this arithmetic operation, section 78 outputs, to
address flip-flop circuit 80, data indicating a position of a new dot and
data indicating whether the position corresponds to a black or white
signal.
Address flip-flop circuit 80 repetitively outputs data calculated by
operational section 78 to serial-parallel converter 82 in accordance with
outputs from X- and Y-counters 90 and 92. Serial-parallel converter 82
stores, for one line, the data indicating the position of the new dot and
data indicating whether the position corresponds to the black or white
signals, which are supplied from address flip-flop circuit 80, and outputs
the one-line data to image bus 52 as enlarged or reduced data (parallel
data).
X-conversion ratio register 84 stores a conversion ratio in the X direction
(horizontal direction; first direction) supplied by system bus 14, and
Y-conversion ratio register 86 stores a conversion ratio in the Y
direction (vertical direction; second direction) similarly supplied by
system bus 14. Fixing section 88 calculates a position of a pixel before a
predetermined enlargement and/or reduction in accordance with the size of
an original image supplied by system bus 14. Fixing section 88 then
calculates a position of a pixel after the predetermined enlargement
and/or reduction in accordance with the original pixel position, and X and
Y conversion ratios supplied by X- and Y-conversion ratio registers 84 and
86. Fixing section 88 outputs a position determination signal indicating
the calculated new pixel position to operational section 78.
Furthermore, a count value for determining how many times data calculated
by operational section 78 is repetitively output is preset in X- and
Y-counters 90 and 92. The outputs from X- and Y-counters 90 and 92 are
supplied to address flip-flop circuit 80.
A case will be described wherein an image of an original read by scanner 32
is displayed on CRT display 18 and is then subjected to an edit operation
such as enlargement and/or reduction.
Assume that an operator sets an original on scanner 32. Scanner 32 scans
and two-dimensionally reads the original to convert it into image data.
The image data is supplied to page memory 40 via image bus 52. Page memory
40 stores the image of the original read by scanner 32 while having an
original size. The image data stored in page memory 40 is supplied to
enlarge/reduction circuit 48 via image bus 52. In this case, CPU 12
determines an enlargement/reduction magnification in accordance with the
size of the original which is read by scanner 32 and a size of a display
portion of CRT display 18. The determination result, i.e., data indicating
X and Y conversion ratios, the size of the original image, and a size of
an enlarged or reduced image, are output to enlarge/reduction circuit 48
via system bus 14.
Enlarge/reduction circuit 48 reduces the image data supplied by system bus
14 to a size corresponding to CRT display 18, and outputs the reduced
image data. More specifically, parallel-serial converter 72 of
enlarge/reduction circuit 48 converts a character pattern or image data
supplied by image bus 52 into serial data, and outputs the converted
serial data to line buffer 74. When data for four lines are stored in line
buffer 74, extracting circuit 76 outputs 4 (line).times.4 (column) pixels
as reference pixels to operational section 78 in accordance with the four
lines data.
In this case, the X and Y conversion ratios supplied by CPU 12 via system
bus 14 are respectively supplied to fixing section 88 via X- and
Y-conversion ratio registers 84 and 86. Fixing section 88 calculates the
positions of the pixels before enlargement or reduction in accordance with
the size of the original image supplied from system bus 14. Fixing section
88 calculates the positions of the pixels after enlargement/reduction in
accordance with the positions of original pixels, and X and Y conversion
ratios supplied from X- and Y-conversion ratio registers 84 and 86. Then,
fixing section 88 outputs position determination signals to operational
section 78 indicating the positions of the new calculated pixels. X and Y
count values supplied from CPU 12 via system bus 14 and indicating a size
of an image when it is enlarged or reduced are respectively set in X- and
Y-counters 90 and 92.
A case will be described wherein an original image is subjected to
predetermined enlargement/reduction as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C. In FIGS.
3A through 3C, hatched circles represent pixels before
enlargement/reduction, and hollow circles represent pixels after
enlargement/reduction.
FIG. 3A shows a case wherein an original image is enlarged to twice that of
the original size in the horizontal direction (X direction) and three
times that of the original size in the vertical direction (Y direction).
In FIG. 3A, the abscissa and ordinate respectively indicate the horizontal
(X) and vertical (Y) directions on CRT display 18. X and Y output image
lengths are determined by X- and Y-counters 90 and 92. A pixel pitch is
determined by the X and Y conversion ratios. More specifically, in FIG.
3A, an image is enlarged to twice the size of the original in the X
direction and to three times the size of the original in the Y direction
while taking pixels p11, p12, p21, p22, p31, and p32 into consideration.
The X and Y conversion ratios supplied by CPU 12 are respectively "2" and
"3". These conversion ratios and the size of the original image supplied
by system bus 14 are supplied to fixing section 88 so as to calculate the
positions of pixels p11, p12, . . . , before enlargement. Then, the
positions of pixels, the intervals between which has been increased twice
the original interval in the X direction and three times the original
interval in the Y direction, are calculated from the original positions of
pixels p11, p12, . . . and X and Y conversion ratios "2" and "3" supplied
by X- and Y- conversion ratio 84 and 86. More specifically, pixels p11,
p12, p21, p22, p31, and p32 are enlarged to twice the original size in the
X direction and to three times the original size in the Y direction, and
are displayed at positions of p'11, p'12, p'21, p'22, p'31, and p'32 (this
also applies to other pixels). In this manner, position determination
signals indicating the positions of pixels of the image, which are
enlarged to twice the size in the lateral direction and three times the
size in the vertical direction with respect to the original image, are
supplied to operational section 78. Meanwhile, X and Y count values "2"
and "3" are set in X- and Y-counters 90 and 92.
As a result, operational section 78 performs an arithmetic operation in
accordance with reference pixels (4.times.4 pixels) supplied by extracting
circuit 76 and the position determination signal supplied by fixing
section 84. Then, section 78 outputs, to address flip-flop circuit 80,
data indicating the positions of new dots.
Section 78 also outputs data indicating whether the positions of the new
dots correspond to black or white signals. Each pixel after enlargement is
determined to be black when more black pixels surround it than white
pixels do, or to be white when more white pixels surround it than white
pixels do. However, any pixel located at the four sides of CRT display 18
is determined to be white since all pixels surrounding it are considered
to be white.
In this manner, address flip-flop circuit 80 repetitively outputs, to
serial-parallel converter 82, data calculated by operational section 78 in
accordance with the data output from X- and Y-counters 90 and 92.
Serial-parallel converter 82 stores, for one line, data indicating
positions of the new dots and data indicating whether the positions
correspond to black or white signals, which are supplied from address
flip-flop circuit 80, and outputs the one-line data onto image bus 52 as
enlarged data.
Therefore, reduced image data from enlarge/reduction circuit 48 is supplied
to display memory 42 via image bus 52. Display memory 42 stores an
original image read by scanner 32 to be reduced to a size corresponding to
CRT display 18. The image stored in display memory 42 is displayed on CRT
display 18 via display controller 54. The displayed image is enlarged to
twice the size in the horizontal direction and to three times the size in
the vertical direction with respect to the original image.
FIG. 3B shows a case wherein an original image is reduced to 1/2 the size
of the original in the horizontal direction and to 1/3 the original size
in the vertical direction. In the case of the reduction, the operation is
basically the same as that in the enlargement processing as described
above.
More specifically, an image is reduced to half the original size in the X
direction, and to a third the original size in the Y direction. That is,
as is shown in FIG. 3B, the interval between pixels q11 and q12, the
interval between pixels q21 and q22, and the interval between pixels q31
and q32 are reduced to half the original interval, whereas the intervals
among pixels q11, q21 and q31, and the intervals among pixels q12, q22 and
q32 are decreased to a third the original intervals.
In this case, X and Y conversion ratios supplied by CPU 12 are respectively
"1/2" and "1/3". These conversion ratios and the size of the original
image supplied from system bus 14 are supplied to fixing section 88 so as
to calculate the positions of pixels q11, q12, . . . , before their
reduction. In addition, the interval among pixels which are reduced to 1/2
in the X direction, and to 1/3 in the Y direction are calculated in
accordance with the positions of pixels q11, q12, . . . before reduction
and X and Y conversion ratios "1/2" and "1/3" supplied from X- and
Y-conversion ratio registers 84 and 86. That is, pixels q11, q12, q21,
q22, q31, and q32 are reduced to 1/2 in the X direction and 1/3 in the Y
direction and are displayed at positions of q'11, q'12, q'21, q'22, q'31,
and q'32 (this also applies to other pixels). Position determination
signals indicating the positions of pixels of an image, the interval among
which is reduced to 1/2 in the direction and to 1/3 in the direction are
supplied to operational section 78. X and Y count values "1/2" and "1/3"
are respectively set in X- and Y-counters 90 and 92. The following
processing is the same as that of the enlargement processing described
above, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
FIG. 3C shows a case wherein an original image is reduced by 1/2 in the
horizontal direction and is enlarged to three times its original size in
the vertical direction. In FIG. 3C, an image is reduced by 1/2 in the X
direction and is three times enlarged in the Y direction while taking
pixels r11, r12, r21, r22, r31, and r32 into consideration. X and Y
conversion ratios supplied from CPU 12 are respectively "1/2" and "3".
These conversion ratios and the size of the original image supplied from
system bus 14 are supplied to fixing section 88 so as to calculate the
positions of pixels r11, r12, . . . before reduction/enlargement. Then,
the positions of pixels which are reduced by 1/2 in the X direction and
are three times enlarged in the Y direction are calculated in accordance
with the positions of pixels r11, r12, . . . before reduction/enlargement,
and X and Y conversion ratios "1/2" and "3" supplied from X- and
Y-conversion ratio registers 84 and 86. That is, pixels r11, r12, r21,
r22, r31, and r32 are reduced by 1/2 in the X direction and are three
times enlarged in the Y direction, and are displayed at the positions of
r'11, r'12, r'21, r'22, r'31, and r'32 (this also applies to other
pixels). In this manner, position determination signals indicating the
positions of pixels of the image which are reduced by 1/2 in the
horizontal direction and by three times in the vertical direction are
supplied to operational section 78. X and Y count values "1/2" and "3" are
respectively set in X- and Y-counters 90 and 92. The following processing
is the same as that in the enlargement and reduction operations described
above, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. In this case,
enlargement and reduction are simultaneously performed. However, the same
operation is performed when enlargement or reduction is performed in only
the horizontal or vertical directions.
A case will be described wherein in this image data file apparatus, an
image displayed on CRT display 18 is synthesized and edited with another
image by processing such as enlargement/reduction as described above.
CRT display 18 which is enabled when a power switch is turned ON (not
shown), normally displays an initial screen (not shown) including various
processing functions. In this display state, an image edit mode is
selected and designated using pointing device 20 or keyboard 16. The
screen of CRT display 18 is switched as shown in FIG. 4. The screen of CRT
display 18 is displayed with, e.g., gray rasters, and common icons 100 for
setting various processing functions, designation icons 200 and 300 for
designating the processing of displayed image data, and cursor 400 for
designating that these icons are displayed around the rasters. Common
icons 100 include, e.g., scanner icon 102, printer icon 104, image display
icon 106, document box icon 108, . . . , cancel icon 110, and the like,
and designation icons 200 include menu 1 icon 210, menu 2 icon 230, menu 3
icon 250, display mode icon 260, area creation icon 270, and direct icon
280. Designation icons 300 include end display icon 302, home icon 304,
enlargement icon 306, reduction icon 308, clockwise rotation icon 310,
counterclockwise rotation icon 312, scroll icons 314, 316, 318, and 320
for scrolling the screen upward, downward, to the right, and to the left,
mat icon 322, and the like. When end display icon 302 is selected, a
displayed window indicates whether or not write or registration access is
enabled. When end display icon 302 is ON (hatched state in FIG. 4), it
indicates that the window can be enabled. Furthermore, home icon 304
restores an image in the window, and mat icon 322 indicates a mat to which
an extracted part is pasted in the image edit mode.
In the display state shown in FIG. 4, pointing device 20 is operated to
move cursor 400 displayed on the screen, and causes cursor 400 to
designate display mode 260 of indication icons 200. For example, pointing
device 20 is operated to select and designate a window 4 icon from window
icons of a pull down menu (not shown) of display mode icon 260. As shown
in FIG. 5, four windows 182, 184, 186, and 188 are displayed on CRT
display 18. Designation icons 300 are respectively displayed on these
windows 182 to 188. In FIG. 5, only end display icon 302 of window 182 is
turned on. When a plurality of windows are displayed on CRT display 18, as
shown in FIG. 5, end display icon 302 can be switched to | | |
